Аустралијски староседеоци — разлика између измена

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Ред 10: Ред 10:
|сродне_групе = групе аустралијских староседелаца<br/>(Папуанци, Меланежани)
|сродне_групе = групе аустралијских староседелаца<br/>(Папуанци, Меланежани)
}}
}}

'''Аустралијски староседеоци''' (''домородачки народи Аустралије сматрају увредљивим термин [[Абориџини]]{{тражи се извор}}, који се често користи за скупно именовање свих Аустралијских староседелаца'') насељавају свој континент најмање 30.000 година. Према мишљењима научника на континент су се населили још у време последњег [[Ледено доба|Леденог доба]]. Тада су велика острва [[Нова Гвинеја]] и [[Борнео]] били већи него данас, а морски пролаз између њих и Аустралије много ужи. Сумња се да су преци данашњих аустралијских домородаца у Аустралију дошли из тих подручја. Премда данашњи [[Папуански народи|Папуанци]] и суседни [[Меланежани]] имају црну пут попут Аустралијанаца, физичке разлике су ипак очите, и на први поглед лако их је разликовати. Типови културе су такође различити, но они могу настати услед различитих климатско-географских услова. Језично се Аустралијанци данас класификују у породицу 'Аустралиан'.
'''Аустралијски староседеоци''' (''домородачки народи Аустралије сматрају увредљивим термин [[Абориџини]]{{sfn|Aborigine - Definition|2012}}, који се често користи за скупно именовање свих Аустралијских староседелаца'') насељавају свој континент најмање 30.000 година. Према мишљењима научника на континент су се населили још у време последњег [[Ледено доба|Леденог доба]]. Тада су велика острва [[Нова Гвинеја]] и [[Борнео]] били већи него данас, а морски пролаз између њих и Аустралије много ужи. Сумња се да су преци данашњих аустралијских домородаца у Аустралију дошли из тих подручја. Премда данашњи [[Папуански народи|Папуанци]] и суседни [[Меланежани]] имају црну пут попут Аустралијанаца, физичке разлике су ипак очите, и на први поглед лако их је разликовати. Типови културе су такође различити, но они могу настати услед различитих климатско-географских услова. Језично се Аустралијанци данас класификују у породицу 'Аустралиан'.


== Историја ==
== Историја ==


Преци Абориџина су на подручје Аустралије доспели из [[Југоисточна Азија|југоисточне Азије]] дошавши пре око 30.000 година, с једног острва на друго. Верује се да су донели пса ''дингоа'' у Аустралију. Због своје тамносмеђе боје коже, расно су сврстани у посебну групу (Аустралиди). Пре доласка [[Европљани|Европљана]] живели су као у камено доба, живећи од бобица и плодова.
Преци Абориџина су на подручје Аустралије доспели из [[Југоисточна Азија|југоисточне Азије]] дошавши пре више од 30.000 година, с једног острва на друго.{{sfn|Bowler|Johnston|Olley|Prescott|2003}}{{sfn|Davidson|Wahlquist|2017}} Верује се да су донели пса ''дингоа'' у Аустралију. Због своје тамносмеђе боје коже, расно су сврстани у посебну групу (Аустралиди). Пре доласка [[Европљани|Европљана]] живели су као у камено доба, живећи од бобица и плодова.


Непознато је колико је Абориџина живело на територији Аустралије уочи доласка Европљана. Многи историчари прихватају да их је било око 300.000. Међутим, због дуготрајног контакта са европском цивилизацијом, њихов број је нагло опао. Абориџине су европски колонисти (досељеници са [[Британска острва|Британских острва]]) убијали, смештали са вековних огњишта, покрштавали и смештали у резервате.
Непознато је колико је Абориџина живело на територији Аустралије уочи доласка Европљана. Многи историчари прихватају да их је било око 300.000. Међутим, због дуготрајног контакта са европском цивилизацијом, њихов број је нагло опао. Абориџине су европски колонисти (досељеници са [[Британска острва|Британских острва]]) убијали, смештали са вековних огњишта, покрштавали и смештали у резервате.
Ред 41: Ред 42:
* [[Аустралијска престоничка територија]] 6.160
* [[Аустралијска престоничка територија]] 6.160


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*{{cite web| title = Seminar: The 'myth' of smallpox at Sydney Cove in April 1789
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*{{Cite web| title = 2077.0 – Census of Population and Housing: Understanding the Increase in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Counts, 2006–2011
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*{{Cite web| title = CLOSING THE GAP REPORT 2018
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*{{cite news| title = Australia Day, Invasion Day, Survival Day: a long history of celebration and contestation
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*{{Cite news| title = Australian dig finds evidence of Aboriginal habitation up to 80,000 years ago
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*{{cite web| title = Dead Reckoning: a guide to family history research in WA: Aboriginal People
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}}
*{{cite web| title = Face the Facts: Questions and Answers about Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander Peoples
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}}
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| title = Transgressions: Critical Australian Indigenous histories
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*{{cite news| title = Astounding archaeology discovery places inland human occupation of Australia at 49,000 years
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*{{cite book| title = Children and War: A Historical Anthology
| last = Marten | first = James A.
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| publisher = [[New York University Press]] | location = New York
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*{{cite magazine| title = Nothing new in cynicism towards politicians
| last = Matthews | first = Brian
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*{{Cite book| title = Living with the Locals: Early Europeans' Experience of Indigenous Life
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| year = 2016
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*{{cite magazine| title = Failed state of health
| last1 = McCallum | first1 = Kerry
| last2 = Waller | first2 = Lisa
| magazine = [[Arena Magazine (Australia)|Arena Magazine]]
| location = Fitzroy, Victoria
| date = 2012 | issue = 118 | pages = 33–34
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| eissn = 1837-2317 | issn = 1039-1010
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*{{Cite journal | title = Whole-Genome Genetic Diversity in a Sample of Australians with Deep Aboriginal Ancestry
| last1 = McEvoy | first1 = B. P.
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| last3 = Wang | first3 = E. T.
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| last5 = Visscher | first5 = P. M.
| last6 = Van Holst Pellekaan | first6 = S. M.
| last7 = Wilton | first7 = A. N.
| journal = The American Journal of Human Genetics
| year = 2010 | volume = 87 | issue = 2 | pages = 297–305
| doi = 10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.07.008 | pmc = 2917718 | pmid = 20691402
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}}<br />"Some individuals are close to the Oceanic cluster, composed of MEL and PAP individuals but most occupy a wide range on PC2 between Europeans and East Asians, generally falling in an area occupied by Central and South Asian populations."
*{{cite news| title = Chickenpox blamed for Aboriginal deaths
| last = McIlroy | first = Tom
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| url = http://www.canberratimes.com.au/act-news/chickenpox-blamed-for-aboriginal-deaths-20130807-2rh3m.html
| date = 8 August 2013 | access-date = 17 October 2015
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}}
*{{cite news| title = The Aboriginal Tent Embassy has been left off the ACT heritage list
| last = McIlroy | first = Tom
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| url = https://www.canberratimes.com.au/national/act/the-aboriginal-tent-embassy-has-been-left-off-the-act-heritage-list-20150417-1mn6xe.html
| date = 19 April 2015
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}}
*{{cite web| title = First Words: A Brief History of Public Debate on a New Preamble to the Australian Constitution 1991–1999 (Research Paper 16 1999–2000)
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}}
*{{cite news| title = What's wrong with this street sign?
| last = McMah | first = Lauren
| website = news.com.au
| url = https://www.news.com.au/national/queensland/calls-for-brisbanes-boundary-street-to-be-renamed-to-remove-reminder-of-racist-history/news-story/570e8515b67194d9dfefe307e264e96a
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*{{cite journal | title = The Origin of the Smallpox Outbreak in Sydney in 1789
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| year = 2008 | volume = 94 | issue = 1 | pages = 1–22
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*{{cite web| title = 1370.0 – Measures of Australia's Progress, 2004
| publisher = [[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]
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| date = 21 April 2004b | access-date = 12 October 2009
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}}
*{{cite news| title = Rottnest Island: Black prison to white playground
| last = Melville | first = Kirsti
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| date = 25 October 2016
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*{{cite news| title = Aborigines turn to Islam
| last = Mercer | first = Phil
| publisher = BBC
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| date = 31 March 2003 | access-date = 25 May 2007
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*{{Cite news| title = Mills dumped as Giles takes top Territory job
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| date = 13 March 2013 | access-date = 2 August 2013
| ref = {{harvid|ABC News|2013}}
}}
*{{cite web| title = Modern Australian poetry
| publisher = Australian Government Culture and Recreation Portal
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}}
*{{cite web| title = Mungo Lady and Mungo Man
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| url = http://www.visitmungo.com.au/mungo-lady-mungo-man
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}}
*{{cite news| title = Rottnest's Aboriginal prisoners are Australia's forgotten patriots: elder
| last = Murphy | first = Sean
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| date = 17 November 2017
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*{{Cite journal | title = Antiquity and diversity of aboriginal Australian Y-chromosomes
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| display-authors = 6
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| year = 2015 | volume = 159 | issue = 3 | pages = 367–81
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*{{cite journal | title = National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Survey, 2004–2005 (ABS Cat. 4715.0), Table 1
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| year = 2006b
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}}
*{{cite web| title = National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Survey, 2004–2005 (ABS Cat. 4715.0), Table 6
| year = 2006a
| publisher = Australian Bureau of Statistics
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}}
*{{cite web| title = National Heritage Places – Budj Bim National Heritage Landscape
| publisher = Australian Government Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities
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| access-date = 13 August 2013
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}}
*{{cite news| title = Australia's Aborigines Launch a Bold Legal Push for Independence
| last = Neubauer | first = Ian Lloyd
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*{{Cite news| title = Australia's Aborigines Launch a Bold Legal Push for Independence
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| date = 30 May 2013
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}}
*{{cite news| title = The new corroboree – Music – Entertainment
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| date = 1 April 2006 | access-date = 9 August 2009
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}}
*{{Cite news| title = New map records massacres of Aboriginal people
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}}
*{{cite journal | title = Becoming 'Authentic' Australians through Music
| last = Newton | first = Janice
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*{{Cite book| title = Traditional Healers of Central Australia: Ngangkari
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| year = 2013
| publisher = [[Magabala Books]] | location = Broome, WA
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*{{cite news| title = Noel Pearson's statement on Kevin Rudd
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*{{cite news| title = Bill Shorten keeps Kim Carr on frontbench in shadow ministry shuffle
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*{{cite news| title = Victoria passes Aboriginal treaty bill
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*{{cite news| title = Oldest known evidence of Aboriginal settlement in arid Australia found in Flinders Ranges rock shelter
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*{{Cite journal | title = Becoming Australian
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*{{Cite book| title = Dark Emu; Black Seeds: Agriculture or Accident
| last = Pascoe | first = Bruce
| year = 2015
| publisher = Magaballa Books
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*{{Cite web| title = Persons in corrective services
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*{{Cite web| title = Petrol Sniffing in Remote Northern Territory Communities
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| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110414100601/http://nt.gov.au/lant/parliament/committees/substance/Petrol%20Sniffing%20Report%20-%20FINAL.pdf
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*{{Cite news| title = Pilbara Rock Art not Affected by Mining Emissions: Study
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*{{Cite web| title = Places – Torres Strait Islands
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*{{cite web| title = 4713.0 – Population Characteristics, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians, 2006, Religion
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*{{cite web| title = Research Note no. 5 2003–2004. ATSIC Review: Complex Challenges, No Simple Solutions
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*{{cite news| title = Preserving Indigenous culture through language
| publisher = University of South Australia
| type = Media release
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*{{Cite web| title = 4517.0 – Prisoners in Australia, 2009: Imprisonment rates
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*{{Cite journal | title = An Aboriginal Australian Genome Reveals Separate Human Dispersals into Asia
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*{{cite book| title = The Stolen Generations: The Removal of Aboriginal children in New South Wales 1883 to 1969
| last = Read | first = Peter
| year = 1981
| publisher = Department of Aboriginal Affairs (New South Wales government)
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| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120409231929/http://www.daa.nsw.gov.au/publications/StolenGenerations.pdf
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*{{cite web| title = Recognising Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples in the Constitution: Report of the Expert Panel
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*{{Cite web| title = 4510.0 - Recorded Crime - Victims, Australia, 2016
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*{{cite web| title = Resistance
| publisher = Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander studies
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*{{cite book| chapter = "Many were killed from falling over the cliffs": The naming of Mount Wheeler, Central Queensland
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| editor2-last = Hercus | editor2-first = Luise
| editor3-last = Kostanski | editor3-first = Laura
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*{{Cite news| title = Live: Woodford Folk Festival 2015/16: Fire event and New Year's Day: News: Noel Pearson says Andrew Bolt 'becoming Indigenous'
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*{{Cite news| title = Sequencing Uncovers a 9,000 Mile Walkabout
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*{{Cite news| title = The Nightmare Lives of Indigenous Prisoners in Australia
| last = Sharma | first = Kriti
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| date = 9 August 2018
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}}
*{{cite news| title = Australia needs to own up to its slave history
| last = Simmonds | first = Alecia
| newspaper = The Sydney Morning Herald
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*{{cite web| title = Sir Douglas Nicholls
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*{{cite web| title = The spread of people to Australia
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*{{cite web| title = 2020 Summiteer Dr Kelvin Kong – Life Matters
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| date = 13 July 1968 | access-date = 12 October 2009 | archive-date = 10 May 2013
| ref = {{harvid|NMoA|1968}}
}}
*{{Cite book| title = Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names
| last = Tindale | first = Norman Barnett
| author-link = Norman Tindale
| year = 1974
| publisher = [[Australian National University Press]]
| url = https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/114913/2/b13565965.pdf
| format = PDF
| isbn = 978-0-708-10741-6
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}}
*{{cite web| title = The Tracker (2002) on ASO – Australia's audio and visual heritage online
| website = australianscreen
| url = http://aso.gov.au/titles/features/tracker/
| access-date = 2 June 2011
| ref = {{harvid|ASO - The Tracker}}
}}
*{{cite AustLII| litigants = [[Tuckiar v The King]]
| source = HCA | num = 49 | year = 1934
| courtname = auto
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| ref = {{harvid|AustLII|1934}}
}}
*{{cite web| title = Uluru-Kata Tjuta: Rock art
| publisher = [[Parks Australia]]
| url = https://parksaustralia.gov.au/uluru/people-place/rock-art.html
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| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100310121935/http://www.uq.edu.au/bodce/index.html?page=68411
| archive-date = 10 March 2010
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*{{cite news| title = South Australia halts Indigenous treaty talks as premier says he has 'other priorities'
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| date = 30 April 2018 | access-date = 30 April 2018
| ref = harv
}}
*{{citation| title = Cross cultural communication problems in Aboriginal Australia
| last = Walsh | first = Michael
| year = 1997
| publisher = Australian National University, North Australia Research Unit
| url = https://digitalcollections.anu.edu.au/handle/1885/47329
| pages = 7–9
| isbn = 9780731528745
}}
*{{cite journal | title = Surgeon John White
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| url = https://www.smh.com.au/national/kevin-rudd-says-sorry-20080214-gds0vu.html
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*{{Cite journal | title = A new population curve for prehistoric Australia
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*{{cite journal | title = The extinction of the Australian pygmies
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| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130729090807/http://www.sydneyline.com/Pygmies%20Extinction.htm
| archive-date = 29 July 2013
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*{{cite journal | title = Constitutional Reform 2013: What are we trying to achieve?
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| journal = Alternative Law Journal
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| url = http://www.altlj.org/publications/back-issues/2012-vol-37/product/775-constitutional-reform-2013-what-are-we-trying-to-achieve/category_pathway-108
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*{{Cite web| title = The World Today – UN rapporteur raps NT intervention 24/02/2010
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| url = http://www.abc.net.au/worldtoday/content/2010/s2828921.htm
| date = 2 October 1980 | access-date = 20 November 2011
| ref = {{harvid|ABC|1980}}
}}
*{{Cite news| title = Aboriginal archaeological discovery in Kakadu rewrites the history of Australia
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*{{cite news| title = Former Aboriginal prison on Rottnest Island closed for tourist lodging
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*{{Cite web| title = 1301.0 – Year Book Australia, 2002
| publisher = [[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]
| url = http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/94713ad445ff1425ca25682000192af2/bfc28642d31c215cca256b350010b3f4!OpenDocument
| date = 25 January 2002
| ref = {{harvid|ABoS|2002}}
}}
*{{Cite web| title = 1301.0 Year Book Australia, 2005
| publisher = [[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]
| url = http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/94713ad445ff1425ca25682000192af2/1a79e7ae231704f8ca256f720082feb9!OpenDocument
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| ref = {{harvid|ABoS YB|2005}}
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*{{cite web| title = 1301.0 – Year Book Australia, 2005
| publisher = [[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]
| url = http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/00000000000000000000000000000000/294322bc5648ead8ca256f7200833040!OpenDocument
| date = 21 January 2005a
| ref = {{harvid|ABoS|2005a}}
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*{{cite web| title = Yirrkala Bark Petitions – 50 Years On
| website = indigenous.gov.au
| url = https://www.indigenous.gov.au/yirrkala-bark-petitions-50-years-on
| date = 12 July 2013
| ref = {{harvid|indigenous.gov.au|2013}}
}}
*{{Cite web| title = Youth justice in Australia
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| url = https://www.aihw.gov.au/getmedia/19707990-1719-4600-8fce-f0af9d61331c/aihw-juv-116.pdf.aspx?inline=true
| date = 2018
| ref = {{harvid|AIHW Youth Justice|2018}}
}}
*{{citation| title = ENGAGING – a Guide to Interacting Respectfully and Reciprocally with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People, and their Arts Practices and Intellectual Property
| last = Zuckermann | first = Ghil'ad
| author-link = Ghil'ad Zuckermann
| display-authors = etal
| year = 2015
| publisher = Australian Government: Indigenous Culture Support
| page = 12
| url = https://arts.adelaide.edu.au/linguistics/guide.pdf | format = PDF
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160330114112/http://arts.adelaide.edu.au/linguistics/guide.pdf
| archive-date = 30 March 2016
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*{{Cite news| title = Aboriginal languages deserve revival
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| newspaper = The Australian | department = Higher Education
| url = http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,25980525-25192,00.html | dead-url = yes
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090923233756/http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au:80/story/0,25197,25980525-25192,00.html
| date = 26 August 2009 | archive-date = 23 September 2009
| ref = harv
}}
{{refend}}
== Спољашње везе ==
== Спољашње везе ==
{{Commonscat|Aboriginal Australians}}
{{Commonscat|Aboriginal Australians}}
* {{en}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20051218034817/http://users.orac.net.au/%7Emhumphry/aborigin.html Страница о абориџинима]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20051218034817/http://users.orac.net.au/%7Emhumphry/aborigin.html Страница о абориџинима]
* -{[http://www.michaelmatucci.com/first-nations-doc/ Colonization of the indigenous]}-
* -{[http://aiatsis.gov.au/ Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies]}-
* -{[http://austlang.aiatsis.gov.au/ AUSTLANG Australian Indigenous Languages Database]}-
* -{[http://www.science20.com/news_articles/australian_aborigines_were_once_indians_study Science 2.0: Australian Aborigines were once Indians – Study]}-
* -{[http://www.indigenous.gov.au/ Closing the Gap]}-
* -{[https://web.archive.org/web/20040616223332/http://www.dreamtime.net.au/index.cfm Australian Museum: Indigenous Australia]}-
* -{[http://archives.samuseum.sa.gov.au/tribalmap/index.html The South Australian Museum: Tribal boundaries in Aboriginal Australia map]}-
* -{[http://www.abc.net.au/indigenous/map/default.htm Indigenous Language Map]}-
* -{[http://www.healthinfonet.ecu.edu.au/ Australian Indigenous Health ''InfoNet'']}-
* -{[https://web.archive.org/web/20090625111909/http://www.humanrights.gov.au/social_justice/index.html Australian Human Rights Commission: Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander Social Justice Index]}-
* -{[http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/other/IndigLRes Indigenous Law Resources]}-
* -{[http://www.nit.com.au/ ''National Indigenous Times''] – national Indigenous affairs newspaper}-
* -{[http://ntmojos.indigenous.gov.au/ NT Mojos – Northern Territory Mobile Journalists]}-
* -{[http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/03007760008591767 Singing about nations within nations: Geopolitics and Identity in Australian Indigenous rock music]}-
* -{[http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00664670125674 The politics of suffering: Indigenous policy in Australia since the 1970s]}-

{{Authority control}}


[[Категорија:Аустралијски народи]]
[[Категорија:Аустралијски народи]]

Верзија на датум 14. фебруар 2019. у 04:00

Аустралијски староседеоци
Група мушкараца са острва Батерст, Северна територија, 1939.
Региони са значајном популацијом
649.171 (2016)
2,8% популације Аустралије (2016)
Језици
неколико стотина језика аустралијских домородаца, аустралијски енглески, аустралијски абориџински енглески, креолски
Религија
хришћанство 73%
нерелигиозност 24%
традиционална абориџинска религија 1%
Сродне етничке групе
групе аустралијских староседелаца
(Папуанци, Меланежани)

Аустралијски староседеоци (домородачки народи Аустралије сматрају увредљивим термин Абориџини[1], који се често користи за скупно именовање свих Аустралијских староседелаца) насељавају свој континент најмање 30.000 година. Према мишљењима научника на континент су се населили још у време последњег Леденог доба. Тада су велика острва Нова Гвинеја и Борнео били већи него данас, а морски пролаз између њих и Аустралије много ужи. Сумња се да су преци данашњих аустралијских домородаца у Аустралију дошли из тих подручја. Премда данашњи Папуанци и суседни Меланежани имају црну пут попут Аустралијанаца, физичке разлике су ипак очите, и на први поглед лако их је разликовати. Типови културе су такође различити, но они могу настати услед различитих климатско-географских услова. Језично се Аустралијанци данас класификују у породицу 'Аустралиан'.

Историја

Преци Абориџина су на подручје Аустралије доспели из југоисточне Азије дошавши пре више од 30.000 година, с једног острва на друго.[2][3] Верује се да су донели пса дингоа у Аустралију. Због своје тамносмеђе боје коже, расно су сврстани у посебну групу (Аустралиди). Пре доласка Европљана живели су као у камено доба, живећи од бобица и плодова.

Непознато је колико је Абориџина живело на територији Аустралије уочи доласка Европљана. Многи историчари прихватају да их је било око 300.000. Међутим, због дуготрајног контакта са европском цивилизацијом, њихов број је нагло опао. Абориџине су европски колонисти (досељеници са Британских острва) убијали, смештали са вековних огњишта, покрштавали и смештали у резервате.

У 19. веку остало их је око 106.000, од чега је 40.000 сачувало расну чистоту, док је остатак измешан са белом (европидном) расом. Међутим, због промењеног односа државе према њима, њихова популација расте, тако да данас Абориџини чине око 2% (650.000) становништва Аустралије.

Друштвена организација и систем сродства

Домороци Аустралије подељени су на више стотина племена, говорило се око 600 језика. Некада их је било много више него данас, многи су нестали или су асимилирани у савремено аустралијско друштво. Свако њихово племе говорило је властитим језиком, а и разне локалне групе су вероватно развиле посебне дијалекте. Домороци су били организовани по малим бандама или породичним групама. Свака је имала вођу, обично старијег искуснијег мушкарца. Њихове социјалне породице састојале су се од очевог оца и често од његовог брата или браће, они се по њиховом систему сродства такође називају 'очев отац'; његове жене или жена; оца; и можда његове браће (то су ујаци). Отац се у њиховој терминологији често назива 'дететов отац'. Вођа овакве групе одлучује где ће се и када поставити логор, односно кренути даље, и у ком смеру. Требало је да вође добро познају племенску територију, где има воде, где се и када може нешто уловити или пронаћи за храну. Омладина је била подвргавана иницијацијама, често веома захтевним операцијама као што су субинцизија, клиторидектомија, па чак и одсецање једног тестиса. Сва њихова племена, осим племена Бад имала су тотемске кланове. Кланови су били подељени унутар две женидбене класе

Обичаји

Абориџинијски бумеранг

Домороци се баве ловом и сакупљањем. Копље и бумеранг били су њихово главно оружје. Обални домороци сакупљали су мекушце, као шкољке и ракове. У пустињским пределима хватали су животиње, птице и разне рептиле. Сва ловина коју је ловац ухватио делила се са читавом групом. Храна се припремала над отвореном ватром. Сакупљање биља и семења такође је било значајно. Попут калифорнијских племена, и Абориџини су знали да млевењем неког семења произведу брашно.

Неки логори ових домородаца могли су да имају 6-10 особа, а било их је чак до 400. Њихове колибе од коре дрвета познате су под именом 'гунуах'. Количина хране без сумње је утицала на величину логора. Сваки дан чланови банде одлазе из логора у потрагу за храном, да би се затим враћали назад и делили је са осталим члановима. Главна свечаност позната је под именом corroboree, а музички инструменти didgeridoo, штапићи за ударање и звечке. Веровали су и у реинкарнацију. Након смрти душа се поновно враћа на земљу у облику неке животиње.

Број аустралијских староседелаца (Абориџина и Острвљана Торесовог мореуза) (2016)

Референце

  1. ^ Aborigine - Definition 2012.
  2. ^ Bowler et al. 2003.
  3. ^ Davidson & Wahlquist 2017.

Литература

Спољашње везе

Аустралијски староседеоци на Викимедијиној остави.
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