Планирање породице — разлика између измена

Садржај обрисан Садржај додат

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Верзија на датум 7. септембар 2021. у 01:13

Планирање породице је свесна делатност индивидуе и парова у репродуктивном добу живота којом теже, не само да регулишу број и временски распоред рађања, већ и да роде здраво дете и да квалитетно остваре све своје улоге током животног циклуса.^[1] Отуда планирање породице обухвата различите аспекте – биолошке, здравствене, демографске, социолошке, психолошке, економске, етичке, политичке, а са становишта носилаца, појављује се на три нивоа: као индивидуална пракса, као покрет друштвених група и као програм за планирање породице који доноси држава. Цивилизацијским достигнућем сматра се основно право свих парова и појединаца да слободно и одговорно одлуче о броју и размаку рађања деце као и право на информације, образовање и средства да то учине. Концепт „планирања породице” („family planning”) заменио је концепт „контроле рађања” („birth control”), као савременији и бољи, на Другој светској конференцији о становништву, која је одржана у Београду, 1965. године.

Family planning has been of practice since the 16th century by the people of Djenné in West Africa. Physicians advised women to space their children, having them every three years rather than too many and too quickly.^[2] Other aspects of family planning include sex education,^[3]^[4] prevention and management of sexually transmitted infections,^[3] pre-conception counseling^[3] and management, and infertility management.^[5] Family planning, as defined by the United Nations and the World Health Organization, encompasses services leading up to conception. Abortion is not a component of family planning,^[6] although access to contraception and family planning reduces the desire for abortion.^[7]

Family planning has been shown to reduce teenage birth rates and birth rates for unmarried women.^[8]^[9]

Сврхе

In 2006, the US Centers for Disease Control (CDC) issued a recommendation, encouraging men and women to formulate a reproductive life plan, to help them in avoiding unintended pregnancies and to improve the health of women and reduce adverse pregnancy outcomes.^[10]

Raising a child requires significant amounts of resources: time,^[11] social, financial,^[12] and environmental.^[13] Planning can help assure that resources are available. The purpose of family planning is to make sure that any couple, man, or woman who has a child has the resources that are needed in order to complete this goal.^[14]

There is no clear social impact case for or against conceiving a child. Individually, for most people,^[15] bearing a child or not has no measurable impact on person well-being. A review of the economic literature on life satisfaction shows that certain groups of people are much happier without children:

Single parents
Fathers who both work and raise the children equally.
Singles
The divorced
The poor
Those whose children are older than 3
Those whose children are sick^[16]

However, both adoptees and the adopters report that they are happier after adoption.^[17] Adoption may also insure against costs of prenatal or childhood disability which can be anticipated with prenatal screening or with reference to parental risk factors. For instance, older fathers^[18] and/or advanced maternal age increase the risk of numerous health issues in their offspring, including autism and schizophrenia.^[19]

Resources

When women can pursue additional education and paid employment, families can invest more in each child. Children with fewer siblings tend to stay in school longer than those with many siblings. Leaving school in order to have children has long-term implications for the future of these girls, as well as the human capital of their families and communities. Family planning slows unsustainable population growth which drains resources from the environment, and national and regional development efforts.^[13]^[20]

Референце

^ Butler, Adrienne Stith; Clayton, Ellen Wright, ур. (2009). Overview of Family Planning in the United States (на језику: енглески). National Academies Press (US).
^ McKissack, Patricia; McKissack, Fredrick (1995). The Royal Kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhay Life in Medieval Africa. Macmillan. стр. 104. ISBN 978-0-8050-4259-7.
^ ^а ^б ^в „What services do family planning clinics provide?”. NHS. Архивирано из оригинала 11. 11. 2014. г. Приступљено 8. 3. 2008.
^ „National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System Glossary” (PDF). Administration for Children & Families. 2000. Приступљено 30. 10. 2019.
^ World Health Organization. (n.d.). Sexual and Reproductive Health. Retrieved on 30 October 2019.
^ United Nations Population Fund. „Family planning” (на језику: енглески). Приступљено 6. 3. 2018.
^ Bajos, N.; Le Guen, M.; Bohet, A.; Panjo, Henri; Moreau, C. (2014). „Effectiveness of family planning policies: The abortion paradox”. PLOS ONE. 9 (3): e91539. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...991539B. PMC 3966771 . PMID 24670784. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0091539 .
^ Packham, Analisa (2017-09-01). „Family planning funding cuts and teen childbearing”. Journal of Health Economics (на језику: енглески). 55: 168—185. ISSN 0167-6296. PMID 28811119. doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2017.07.002.
^ Lu, Yao; Slusky, David J. G. (2018-06-28). „The Impact of Women's Health Clinic Closures on Fertility” (PDF). American Journal of Health Economics. 5 (3): 334—359. ISSN 2332-3493. S2CID 51813993. doi:10.1162/ajhe_a_00123.
^ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2006). „Recommendations to improve preconception health and health care — United States: A report of the CDC/ATSDR Preconception Care Work Group and the select panel on Preconception Care” (PDF). Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 55 (RR-6).
^ Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion. „Expenditures on Children by Families, 2007; Miscellaneous Publication Number 1528-2007”. United States Department of Agriculture. Архивирано из оригинала 2008-03-08. г.
^ MsMoney.com — Marriage, Kids & College — Family Planning Архивирано 2008-07-24 на сајту Wayback Machine
^ ^а ^б Wynes, S.; Nicholas, K.A. (2017). „The climate mitigation gap: Education and government recommendations miss the most effective individual actions”. Environmental Research Letters (на језику: енглески). 12 (7): 074024. Bibcode:2017ERL....12g4024W. ISSN 1748-9326. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/aa7541 .
^ „Office of Family Planning”. California Department of Public Health. Архивирано из оригинала 2012-03-08. г.
^ Powdthavee, N. (n.d). „Think having children will make you happy?”. The British Psychological Society (на језику: енглески). Приступљено 27. 5. 2018.
^ „Linköping University” (PDF). www.iei.liu.se. Архивирано из оригинала (PDF) 2018-06-12. г. Приступљено 2018-04-14.
^ https://phys.org/news/2012-02-percent-families-children-decision.html
^ Nybo Andersen, A.M.; Urhoj, S.K. (2017). „Is advanced paternal age a health risk for the offspring?”. Fertility and Sterility. 107 (2): 312—318. PMID 28088314. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.12.019 .
^ Sanchez, 2018
^ World Health Organization (2018). „Family planning/Contraception”. World Health Organization Newsroom (на језику: енглески). Приступљено 6. 3. 2018.

Литература

Овај чланак или његов део изворно је преузет из Речника социјалног рада Ивана Видановића уз одобрење аутора.
Siedlecky, Stefania; Wyndham, Diana (1990). Populate and perish : Australian women's fight for birth control |. Allen & Unwin. ISBN 978-0-04-442220-4. [1]
Joint Commission (26. 1. 2010). „Preventing maternal death” (PDF). Sentinel Event Alert (44).
„Maternal survival (5 articles)”. The Lancet. 368. 2006.
Rosenfield A, Maine D, Freedman L (септембар 2006). „Meeting MDG-5: an impossible dream?”. Lancet. 368 (9542): 1133—5. PMID 17011925. S2CID 12109602. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69386-0.
UN (2015). The Millennium Development Goals Report 2015 (PDF). New York: United Nations.
Bloom, David; Kuhn, Michael; Prettner, Klaus (2015). „The Contribution of Female Health to Economic Development”. Cambridge, MA. doi:10.3386/w21411 .
Wendt A, Gibbs CM, Peters S, Hogue CJ (јул 2012). „Impact of increasing inter-pregnancy interval on maternal and infant health”. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology. 26 Suppl 1: 239—58. PMC 4562277 . PMID 22742614. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3016.2012.01285.x.
Ganatra B, Faundes A (октобар 2016). „Role of birth spacing, family planning services, safe abortion services and post-abortion care in reducing maternal mortality”. Best Practice & Research. Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 36: 145—155. PMID 27640082. doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2016.07.008.
Report of a technical consultation on birth spacing (PDF) (Извештај). WHO. 2005. Приступљено 2018-04-03.
World Health Organization and UNICEF (2010). „Countdown to 2015 decade report (2000–2010): taking stock of maternal, newborn and child survival” (PDF). Geneva: WHO and UNICEF.
De Brouwere V, Tonglet R, Van Lerberghe W (октобар 1998). „Strategies for reducing maternal mortality in developing countries: what can we learn from the history of the industrialized West?”. Tropical Medicine & International Health. 3 (10): 771—82. PMID 9809910. S2CID 2886632. doi:10.1046/j.1365-3156.1998.00310.x .
Ali, Moazzam; Bellows, Ben (2018). „Family Planning Financing” (PDF). Family Planning Evidence Brief. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. Приступљено 22. 10. 2020.
Kimani, Mary (2008). „Investing in the Health of Africa's Mothers” (PDF). Africa Renewal. 21 (4): 8—11. doi:10.18356/f4e27408-en. Приступљено 22. 10. 2020.
Jakob Engel, Jonathan Glennie, Shiva Raj Adhikari, Sanju Wagle Bhattarai, Devi Prasad Prasai and Fiona Samuels, Nepal's Story, Understanding improvements in maternal health, March 2014
Boese K, Dogra N, Hosseinpour S, Kobylianskii A, Vakeesan V (2013). „Chapter 1 – Analyzing the Inclusion of MDG 5, Improving Maternal Health, among the UN's Millennium Development Goals.” (PDF). Ур.: Hoffman SJ, Ali M. Student Voices 6: Political Analyses of Five Global Health Decisions. Hamilton, Canada: McMaster Health Forum.

Спољашње везе

ИМД –– служба за планирање породице
Служба за планирање породице у УК
The Environmental Politics of Population and Overpopulation A University of California, Berkeley summary of historical, contemporary and environmental concerns involving women's health, population, and family planning
A World too Full of People by Mary Fitzgerald, NewStatesman, August 30, 2010
Reproline-Family Planning JHPIEGO affiliate of Johns Hopkins University
„5. Improve maternal health”. Millennium Development Goals. UNICEF.
„Maternal Health”. World Health Organization.
WHO Making Pregnancy Safer Country profile on maternal and newborn health
Butterfly Beginnings Melbourne's Pregnancy

[1] Butler, Adrienne Stith; Clayton, Ellen Wright, ур. (2009). Overview of Family Planning in the United States (на језику: енглески). National Academies Press (US).

[2] McKissack, Patricia; McKissack, Fredrick (1995). The Royal Kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhay Life in Medieval Africa. Macmillan. стр. 104. ISBN 978-0-8050-4259-7.

[UKNHS-3] а ^б ^в „What services do family planning clinics provide?”. NHS. Архивирано из оригинала 11. 11. 2014. г. Приступљено 8. 3. 2008.

[USDOH-FPSvcs-4] „National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System Glossary” (PDF). Administration for Children & Families. 2000. Приступљено 30. 10. 2019.

[WHOFP-5] World Health Organization. (n.d.). Sexual and Reproductive Health. Retrieved on 30 October 2019.

[Family_planning-6] United Nations Population Fund. „Family planning” (на језику: енглески). Приступљено 6. 3. 2018.

[pmid24670784-7] Bajos, N.; Le Guen, M.; Bohet, A.; Panjo, Henri; Moreau, C. (2014). „Effectiveness of family planning policies: The abortion paradox”. PLOS ONE. 9 (3): e91539. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...991539B. PMC 3966771 . PMID 24670784. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0091539 .

[8] Packham, Analisa (2017-09-01). „Family planning funding cuts and teen childbearing”. Journal of Health Economics (на језику: енглески). 55: 168—185. ISSN 0167-6296. PMID 28811119. doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2017.07.002.

[9] Lu, Yao; Slusky, David J. G. (2018-06-28). „The Impact of Women's Health Clinic Closures on Fertility” (PDF). American Journal of Health Economics. 5 (3): 334—359. ISSN 2332-3493. S2CID 51813993. doi:10.1162/ajhe_a_00123.

[10] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2006). „Recommendations to improve preconception health and health care — United States: A report of the CDC/ATSDR Preconception Care Work Group and the select panel on Preconception Care” (PDF). Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 55 (RR-6).

[USDAChildExpense-11] Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion. „Expenditures on Children by Families, 2007; Miscellaneous Publication Number 1528-2007”. United States Department of Agriculture. Архивирано из оригинала 2008-03-08. г.

[12] MsMoney.com — Marriage, Kids & College — Family Planning Архивирано 2008-07-24 на сајту Wayback Machine

[auto1-13] а ^б Wynes, S.; Nicholas, K.A. (2017). „The climate mitigation gap: Education and government recommendations miss the most effective individual actions”. Environmental Research Letters (на језику: енглески). 12 (7): 074024. Bibcode:2017ERL....12g4024W. ISSN 1748-9326. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/aa7541 .

[14] „Office of Family Planning”. California Department of Public Health. Архивирано из оригинала 2012-03-08. г.

[15] Powdthavee, N. (n.d). „Think having children will make you happy?”. The British Psychological Society (на језику: енглески). Приступљено 27. 5. 2018.

[16] „Linköping University” (PDF). www.iei.liu.se. Архивирано из оригинала (PDF) 2018-06-12. г. Приступљено 2018-04-14.

[17] ttps://phys.org/news/2012-02-percent-families-children-decision.html

[pmid28088314-18] Nybo Andersen, A.M.; Urhoj, S.K. (2017). „Is advanced paternal age a health risk for the offspring?”. Fertility and Sterility. 107 (2): 312—318. PMID 28088314. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.12.019 .

[19] Sanchez, 2018

[Family_planning/Contraception-20] World Health Organization (2018). „Family planning/Contraception”. World Health Organization Newsroom (на језику: енглески). Приступљено 6. 3. 2018.

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+{{short description|Планирање када ће се имати деца и употреба контроле рађања и других техника за спровођење таквих планова}}{{рут}}
-'''Планирање породице''' је свесна делатност индивидуе и парова у репродуктивном добу [[живот]]а којом теже, не само да регулишу број и временски распоред рађања, већ и да роде здраво [[дете]] и да квалитетно остваре све своје [[улога|улоге]] током животног циклуса. Отуда планирање [[породица|породице]] обухвата различите аспекте – биолошке, [[здравље|здравствене]], демографске, социолошке, [[психологија|психолошке]], економске, етичке, [[политика|политичке]], а са становишта носилаца, појављује се на три нивоа: као индивидуална [[пракса]], као покрет [[друштвена група|друштвених група]] и као програм за планирање породице који доноси држава. Цивилизацијским достигнућем сматра се основно право свих парова и [[индивидуа|појединаца]] да слободно и [[одговор]]но одлуче о броју и размаку рађања деце као и право на [[информација|информације]], [[образовање]] и средства да то учине. Концепт „планирања породице” („family planning”) заменио је концепт „[[контрола|контроле]] рађања” („birth control”), као савременији и бољи, на Другој светској конференцији о становништву, која је одржана у Београду, 1965. [[година|године]].
+[[File:Ortho tricyclen.jpg|thumb|[[Combined oral contraceptive]]s. Introduced in 1960, "the Pill" has played an instrumental role in family planning for decades.]]
+[[File:Family planning methods (8329687815).jpg|thumb|Family planning methods]]
+'''Планирање породице''' је свесна делатност индивидуе и парова у репродуктивном добу [[живот]]а којом теже, не само да регулишу број и временски распоред рађања, већ и да роде здраво [[дете]] и да квалитетно остваре све своје [[улога|улоге]] током животног циклуса.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK215219/|title=Overview of Family Planning in the United States |editor-last1=Butler |editor-first1=Adrienne Stith |editor-last2=Clayton |editor-first2=Ellen Wright |date=2009|publisher=National Academies Press (US) |language=en}}</ref> Отуда планирање [[породица|породице]] обухвата различите аспекте – биолошке, [[здравље|здравствене]], демографске, социолошке, [[психологија|психолошке]], економске, етичке, [[политика|политичке]], а са становишта носилаца, појављује се на три нивоа: као индивидуална [[пракса]], као покрет [[друштвена група|друштвених група]] и као програм за планирање породице који доноси држава. Цивилизацијским достигнућем сматра се основно право свих парова и [[индивидуа|појединаца]] да слободно и [[одговор]]но одлуче о броју и размаку рађања деце као и право на [[информација|информације]], [[образовање]] и средства да то учине. Концепт „планирања породице” („family planning”) заменио је концепт „[[контрола|контроле]] рађања” („birth control”), као савременији и бољи, на Другој светској конференцији о становништву, која је одржана у Београду, 1965. [[година|године]].
+Family planning has been of practice since the 16th century by the people of [[Djenné]] in [[West Africa]]. Physicians advised women to space their children, having them every three years rather than too many and too quickly.<ref>{{cite book|last1=McKissack|first1=Patricia|url=https://archive.org/details/royalkingdomsofg00patr/page/104|title=The Royal Kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhay Life in Medieval Africa|last2=McKissack|first2=Fredrick|publisher=Macmillan|year=1995|isbn=978-0-8050-4259-7|page=[https://archive.org/details/royalkingdomsofg00patr/page/104 104]}}</ref> Other aspects of family planning include [[sex education]],<ref name="UKNHS">{{cite web|title=What services do family planning clinics provide?|url=http://www.nhsdirect.nhs.uk/articles/article.aspx?articleId=839|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111233747/http://www.nhsdirect.nhs.uk/articles/article.aspx?articleId=839|archive-date=11 November 2014|access-date=8 March 2008|publisher=NHS}}</ref><ref name="USDOH-FPSvcs">{{cite web|date=2000|title=National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System Glossary|url=https://www.acf.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/cb/ncands_glossary.pdf|access-date=30 October 2019|website=Administration for Children & Families}}</ref> prevention and management of [[sexually transmitted infection]]s,<ref name="UKNHS" /> [[pre-conception counseling]]<ref name="UKNHS" /> and [[pregnancy#Management|management]], and [[infertility]] management.<ref name="WHOFP">World Health Organization. (n.d.). [https://www.who.int/topics/family_planning/en/ Sexual and Reproductive Health]. Retrieved on 30 October 2019.</ref> Family planning, as defined by the [[United Nations]] and the [[World Health Organization]], encompasses services leading up to conception. [[Abortion]] is not a component of family planning,<ref name="Family planning">{{Cite web|last=United Nations Population Fund|title=Family planning|url=https://www.unfpa.org/family-planning|access-date=6 March 2018|language=en}}</ref> although access to contraception and family planning reduces the desire for abortion.<ref name="pmid24670784">{{Cite journal|last1=Bajos|first1=N.|last2=Le Guen|first2=M.|last3=Bohet|first3=A.|last4=Panjo|first4=Henri|last5=Moreau|first5=C.|year=2014|title=Effectiveness of family planning policies: The abortion paradox|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=9|issue=3|pages=e91539|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0091539|pmc=3966771|pmid=24670784|bibcode=2014PLoSO...991539B|doi-access=free}}</ref>
+Family planning has been shown to reduce teenage birth rates and birth rates for unmarried women.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Packham|first=Analisa|date=2017-09-01|title=Family planning funding cuts and teen childbearing|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167629616303241|journal=Journal of Health Economics|language=en|volume=55|pages=168–185|doi=10.1016/j.jhealeco.2017.07.002|pmid=28811119|issn=0167-6296}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Lu|first1=Yao|last2=Slusky|first2=David J. G.|date=2018-06-28|title=The Impact of Women's Health Clinic Closures on Fertility|journal=American Journal of Health Economics|volume=5|issue=3|pages=334–359|doi=10.1162/ajhe_a_00123|s2cid=51813993|issn=2332-3493|url=http://www2.ku.edu/~kuwpaper/2016Papers/201607.pdf}}</ref>
+== Сврхе ==
+In 2006, the US [[Centers for Disease Control]] (CDC) issued a recommendation, encouraging men and women to formulate a reproductive life plan, to help them in avoiding [[unintended pregnancies]] and to improve the health of women and reduce adverse pregnancy outcomes.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.|year=2006|title=Recommendations to improve preconception health and health care — United States: A report of the CDC/ATSDR Preconception Care Work Group and the select panel on Preconception Care|url=http://www.famplan.org/Resources/Docs/cdc_mmwr.pdf|journal=Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report|volume=55|issue=RR-6}}</ref>
+Raising a child requires significant amounts of resources: time,<ref name=USDAChildExpense /> social, financial,<ref>[http://www.msmoney.com/mm/planning/marriage/family_planning.htm MsMoney.com — Marriage, Kids & College — Family Planning<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080724165848/http://www.msmoney.com/mm/planning/marriage/family_planning.htm |date=2008-07-24 }}</ref> and environmental.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite journal|last1=Wynes|first1=S.|last2=Nicholas|first2=K.A.|date=2017|title=The climate mitigation gap: Education and government recommendations miss the most effective individual actions|journal=Environmental Research Letters|language=en|volume=12|issue=7|pages=074024|doi=10.1088/1748-9326/aa7541|bibcode=2017ERL....12g4024W|issn=1748-9326|doi-access=free}}</ref> Planning can help assure that resources are available. The purpose of family planning is to make sure that any couple, man, or woman who has a child has the resources that are needed in order to complete this goal.<ref>{{cite web| title=Office of Family Planning| url=http://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/OFP/Pages/default.aspx| publisher=California Department of Public Health| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308094245/http://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/ofp/Pages/default.aspx| archive-date=2012-03-08}}</ref>
+There is no clear social impact case for or against conceiving a child. Individually, for most people,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thepsychologist.bps.org.uk/volume-22/edition-4/think-having-children-will-make-you-happy|title=Think having children will make you happy?|last=Powdthavee|first=N.|date=n.d.|website=The British Psychological Society|language=en|access-date=27 May 2018}}</ref> bearing a child or not has no measurable impact on person well-being. A review of the economic literature on life satisfaction shows that certain groups of people are much happier without children:
+* Single parents
+* Fathers who both work and raise the children equally.
+* Singles
+* The divorced
+* The poor
+* Those whose children are older than 3
+* Those whose children are sick<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iei.liu.se/nek/730g80/artiklar/1.421852/Happywhatmakesus.pdf|title=Linköping University|website=www.iei.liu.se|access-date=2018-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612150849/https://www.iei.liu.se/nek/730g80/artiklar/1.421852/Happywhatmakesus.pdf|archive-date=2018-06-12|url-status=dead}}</ref>
+However, both adoptees and the adopters report that they are happier after adoption.<ref>https://phys.org/news/2012-02-percent-families-children-decision.html</ref> Adoption may also insure against costs of prenatal or childhood disability which can be anticipated with prenatal screening or with reference to parental risk factors. For instance, older fathers<ref name="pmid28088314">{{cite journal|last1=Nybo Andersen|first1=A.M.|last2=Urhoj|first2=S.K.|year=2017|title=Is advanced paternal age a health risk for the offspring?|journal=Fertility and Sterility|volume=107|issue=2|pages=312–318|doi=10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.12.019|pmid=28088314|doi-access=free}}</ref> and/or [[advanced maternal age]] increase the risk of numerous health issues in their offspring, including [[autism]] and [[schizophrenia]].<ref>Sanchez, 2018</ref>
+===Resources===
+When women can pursue additional education and paid employment, families can invest more in each child. Children with fewer siblings tend to stay in school longer than those with many siblings. Leaving school in order to have children has long-term implications for the future of these girls, as well as the human capital of their families and communities. Family planning slows unsustainable [[population growth]] which drains resources from the environment, and national and regional development efforts.<ref name="auto1"/><ref name="Family planning/Contraception">{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs351/en/|title=Family planning/Contraception|last=World Health Organization|date=2018|website=World Health Organization Newsroom|language=en-GB|access-date=6 March 2018}}</ref>
+== Референце ==
+{{reflist|refs=
+<ref name="USDAChildExpense">{{cite web|url=http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/ExpendituresonChildrenbyFamilies.htm|title=Expenditures on Children by Families, 2007; Miscellaneous Publication Number 1528-2007|last=Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion.|publisher=United States Department of Agriculture|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080308082505/http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/ExpendituresonChildrenbyFamilies.htm|archive-date=2008-03-08}}</ref>
+}}
 == Литература ==
+{{refbegin|30em}}
 * {{РСР}}
+* {{Cite book | title=Populate and perish : Australian women's fight for birth control &#124; | author1=Siedlecky, Stefania | author2=Wyndham, Diana | date=1990 | publisher=Allen & Unwin | isbn=978-0-04-442220-4 }} [http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/18030774]
+* {{cite journal|last1=Joint Commission|author-link=Joint Commission|title=Preventing maternal death|journal=Sentinel Event Alert|date=26 January 2010|issue=44|url=https://www.jointcommission.org/assets/1/6/SEA_44_Maternal_Death_4_26_16.pdf}}
+* {{cite journal|title=Maternal survival (5 articles)|journal=[[The Lancet]]|date= 2006|url=http://www.thelancet.com/series/maternal-survival|volume=368}}
+* {{cite journal | vauthors = Rosenfield A, Maine D, Freedman L | title = Meeting MDG-5: an impossible dream? | journal = Lancet | volume = 368 | issue = 9542 | pages = 1133–5 | date = September 2006 | pmid = 17011925 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69386-0 | s2cid = 12109602 | ref = {{harvid|Rosenfield et al|2006}} }}
+* {{cite book|last=UN|author-link=United Nations|title=The Millennium Development Goals Report 2015|date=2015|publisher=[[United Nations]]|location=New York|url=https://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/2015_MDG_Report/pdf/MDG%202015%20rev%20(July%201).pdf}}
+* {{Cite journal|last1=Bloom|first1=David|last2=Kuhn|first2=Michael|last3=Prettner|first3=Klaus|date=2015|title=The Contribution of Female Health to Economic Development|location=Cambridge, MA|doi=10.3386/w21411|doi-access=free}}
+* {{cite journal | vauthors = Wendt A, Gibbs CM, Peters S, Hogue CJ | title = Impact of increasing inter-pregnancy interval on maternal and infant health | journal = Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology | volume = 26 Suppl 1 | pages = 239–58 | date = July 2012 | pmid = 22742614 | pmc = 4562277 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2012.01285.x }}
+* {{cite journal | vauthors = Ganatra B, Faundes A | title = Role of birth spacing, family planning services, safe abortion services and post-abortion care in reducing maternal mortality | journal = Best Practice & Research. Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology | volume = 36 | pages = 145–155 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27640082 | doi = 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2016.07.008 }}
+* {{Cite report|url=https://www.who.int/entity/maternal_child_adolescent/documents/birth_spacing.pdf|title=Report of a technical consultation on birth spacing |date=2005|publisher=WHO|access-date=2018-04-03}}
+* {{cite web |author=World Health Organization and UNICEF |title=Countdown to 2015 decade report (2000–2010): taking stock of maternal, newborn and child survival |year=2010 |location=Geneva |publisher=WHO and UNICEF |url=http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2010/9789241599573_eng.pdf }}
+* {{cite journal | vauthors = De Brouwere V, Tonglet R, Van Lerberghe W | title = Strategies for reducing maternal mortality in developing countries: what can we learn from the history of the industrialized West? | journal = Tropical Medicine & International Health | volume = 3 | issue = 10 | pages = 771–82 | date = October 1998 | pmid = 9809910 | doi = 10.1046/j.1365-3156.1998.00310.x | s2cid = 2886632 | doi-access = free }}
+* {{cite journal |last1=Ali |first1=Moazzam |last2=Bellows |first2=Ben |title=Family Planning Financing |journal=Family Planning Evidence Brief |date=2018 |url=https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/255863/WHO-RHR-18.26-eng.pdf?ua=1 |access-date=22 October 2020 |publisher=World Health Organization |location=Geneva, Switzerland}}
+* {{cite journal |last1=Kimani |first1=Mary |title=Investing in the Health of Africa's Mothers |journal=Africa Renewal |date=2008 |volume=21 |issue=4 |pages=8–11 |doi=10.18356/f4e27408-en |url=https://www.un.org/africarenewal/sites/www.un.org.africarenewal/files/africa-renewal-21no4-english.pdf |access-date=22 October 2020}}
+* Jakob Engel, Jonathan Glennie, Shiva Raj Adhikari, Sanju Wagle Bhattarai, Devi Prasad Prasai and Fiona Samuels, [http://www.developmentprogress.org/sites/developmentprogress.org/files/case-study-summary/development_progress_-_nepal_case_study_summary.pdf Nepal's Story, Understanding improvements in maternal health], March 2014
+* {{cite book | vauthors = Boese K, Dogra N, Hosseinpour S, Kobylianskii A, Vakeesan V | chapter = Chapter 1 – Analyzing the Inclusion of MDG 5, Improving Maternal Health, among the UN's Millennium Development Goals. | veditors = Hoffman SJ, Ali M | chapter-url = https://www.mcmasterhealthforum.org/docs/default-source/Misc/student-voices-6_2013-06-26.pdf?sfvrsn=2 | title = Student Voices 6: Political Analyses of Five Global Health Decisions | location = Hamilton, Canada | publisher = McMaster Health Forum | year = 2013 }}
+{{refend}}
 == Спољашње везе ==
@@ Ред 8: / Ред 58: @@
 * [https://web.archive.org/web/20061003024409/http://www.imd.org.yu/sluzbe/planiranje.html ИМД –– служба за планирање породице]
 * [http://www.fpa.org.uk Служба за планирање породице у УК]
+* [https://berkeley.academia.edu/OzzieZehner/Papers/911571/The_Environmental_Politics_of_Population_and_Overpopulation/ The Environmental Politics of Population and Overpopulation] A University of California, Berkeley summary of historical, contemporary and environmental concerns involving women's health, population, and family planning
+* [http://www.newstatesman.com/print/201008300034 A World too Full of People] by Mary Fitzgerald, ''[[NewStatesman]]'', August 30, 2010
+* [http://www.reproline.jhu.edu/english/1fp/1fp.htm Reproline-Family Planning] JHPIEGO affiliate of Johns Hopkins University
+* {{cite web |title=5. Improve maternal health |work=Millennium Development Goals |publisher=UNICEF |url=http://www.unicef.org/mdg/maternal.html |ref={{harvid|UNICEF Maternal Health}}}}
+* {{cite web |title=Maternal Health |publisher=World Health Organization |url=https://www.who.int/topics/maternal_health/en/ |ref={{harvid|WHO Maternal Health}}}}
+* [https://www.who.int/making_pregnancy_safer/countries/en/index.html WHO Making Pregnancy Safer] Country profile on maternal and newborn health
+* [http://www.butterflybeginnings.com.au/ Butterfly Beginnings  Melbourne's Pregnancy]
+{{Authority control}}
 [[Категорија:Породица]]

Нормативна контрола
Међународне	FAST
Државне	Немачка Израел Сједињене Државе Јапан Чешка
Остале	Енциклопедија Британика