Систем — разлика између измена

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Систем (од латинског systēma, узетог од грчког σύστημα [sýstēma]) представља скуп елемената, реалних или апстрактних, представљених као целина, где сваки елементи међусобно интерреагују, повезани са бар једним другим елементом, и сви заједно служе заједничкој сврси.^[1] Било који објекат који није у вези са било којим другим објектом система не представља део тог система, већ окружење система. Подсистем представља скуп елемената који су систем за себе, али и део већег система.

Етимологија

Термин систем потиче од латинске речи systēma, која је проистекла из грчке речи σύστημα systēma: „цео концепт сачињен од више делова или чланова, систем“, дословно „композиција“.^[2]

Историја

Према Маршалу Маклуану,

"System" means "something to look at". You must have a very high visual gradient to have systematization. But in philosophy, prior to Descartes, there was no "system". Plato had no "system". Aristotle had no "system".^[3]^[4]

In the 19th century the French physicist Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot, who studied thermodynamics, pioneered the development of the concept of a system in the natural sciences. In 1824 he studied the system which he called the working substance (typically a body of water vapor) in steam engines, in regards to the system's ability to do work when heat is applied to it. The working substance could be put in contact with either a boiler, a cold reservoir (a stream of cold water), or a piston (on which the working body could do work by pushing on it). In 1850, the German physicist Rudolf Clausius generalized this picture to include the concept of the surroundings and began to use the term working body when referring to the system.

The biologist Ludwig von Bertalanffy became one of the pioneers of the general systems theory. In 1945 he introduced models, principles, and laws that apply to generalized systems or their subclasses, irrespective of their particular kind, the nature of their component elements, and the relation or 'forces' between them.^[5]

Norbert Wiener and Ross Ashby, who pioneered the use of mathematics to study systems, carried out significant development in the concept of a system.^[6]^[7]

In the 1980s John Henry Holland, Murray Gell-Mann and others coined the term complex adaptive system at the interdisciplinary Santa Fe Institute.

Види још

Референце

^ „Definition of system”. Merriam-Webster. Springfield, MA, USA. Приступљено 2019-01-16.
^ "σύστημα", Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek–English Lexicon, on Perseus Digits Library.
^ Marshall McLuhan in: McLuhan: Hot & Cool. Ed. by Gerald Emanuel Stearn. A Signet Book published by The New American Library, New York, 1967, p. 288.
^ McLuhan, Marshall (2014). „4: The Hot and Cool Interview”. Ур.: Moos, Michel. Media Research: Technology, Art and Communication: Critical Voices in Art, Theory and Culture. Critical Voices in Art, Theory and Culture. Routledge. стр. 74. ISBN 9781134393145. Приступљено 2015-05-06. „System' means 'something to look at'. You must have a very high visual gradient to have systematization. In philosophy, before Descartes, there was no 'system.' Plato had no 'system.' Aristotle had no 'system.”
^ 1945, Zu einer allgemeinen Systemlehre, Blätter für deutsche Philosophie, 3/4. (Extract in: Biologia Generalis, 19 (1949), 139–164.
^ 1948, Cybernetics: Or the Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine. Paris, France: Librairie Hermann & Cie, and Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
^ 1956. An Introduction to Cybernetics, Chapman & Hall.

Литература

Alexander Backlund (2000). "The definition of system". In: Kybernetes Vol. 29 nr. 4, pp. 444–451.
Kenneth D. Bailey (1994). Sociology and the New Systems Theory: Toward a Theoretical Synthesis. New York: State of New York Press.
Bela H. Banathy (1997). "A Taste of Systemics", ISSS The Primer Project.
Walter F. Buckley (1967). Sociology and Modern Systems Theory, New Jersey: Englewood Cliffs.
Peter Checkland (1997). Systems Thinking, Systems Practice. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Michel Crozier, Erhard Friedberg (1981). Actors and Systems, Chicago University Press.
Robert L. Flood (1999). Rethinking the Fifth Discipline: Learning within the unknowable. London: Routledge.
George J. Klir (1969). Approach to General Systems Theory, 1969.
Brian Wilson (1980). Systems: Concepts, methodologies and Applications, John Wiley
Brian Wilson (2001). Soft Systems Methodology—Conceptual model building and its contribution, J.H.Wiley.
Beynon-Davies P. (2009). Business Information + Systems. Palgrave, Basingstoke. ISBN 978-0-230-20368-6
Ashby, W. Ross. 1956. An Introduction to Cybernetics. Chapman & Hall.
—— 1960. Design for a Brain: The Origin of Adaptive Behavior (2nd ed.). Chapman & Hall.
Bateson, Gregory. 1972. Steps to an Ecology of Mind: Collected essays in Anthropology, Psychiatry, Evolution, and Epistemology. University of Chicago Press.
von Bertalanffy, Ludwig. 1968. General System Theory: Foundations, Development, Applications New York: George Braziller
Burks, Arthur. 1970. Essays on Cellular Automata. University of Illinois Press.
Cherry, Colin. 1957. On Human Communication: A Review, a Survey, and a Criticism. Cambridge: The MIT Press.
Churchman, C. West. 1971. The Design of Inquiring Systems: Basic Concepts of Systems and Organizations. New York: Basic Books.
Checkland, Peter. 1999. Systems Thinking, Systems Practice: Includes a 30-Year Retrospective. Wiley.
Gleick, James. 1997. Chaos: Making a New Science, Random House.
Haken, Hermann. 1983. Synergetics: An Introduction - 3rd Edition, Springer.
Holland, John H. 1992. Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems: An Introductory Analysis with Applications to Biology, Control, and Artificial Intelligence. Cambridge: The MIT Press.
Luhmann, Niklas. 2013. Introduction to Systems Theory, Polity.
Macy, Joanna. 1991. Mutual Causality in Buddhism and General Systems Theory: The Dharma of Natural Systems. SUNY Press.
Maturana, Humberto, and Francisco Varela. 1980. Autopoiesis and Cognition: The Realization of the Living. Springer Science & Business Media.
Miller, James Grier. 1978. Living Systems. Mcgraw-Hill.
von Neumann, John. 1951 "The General and Logical Theory of Automata." Pp. 1–41 in Cerebral Mechanisms in Behavior.
—— 1956. "Probabilistic Logics and the Synthesis of Reliable Organisms from Unreliable Components." Automata Studies 34:43–98.
von Neumann, John, and Arthur Burks, eds. 1966. Theory of Self-Reproducing Automata. Illinois University Press.
Parsons, Talcott. 1951. The Social System. The Free Press.
Prigogine, Ilya. 1980. From Being to Becoming: Time and Complexity in the Physical Sciences. W H Freeman & Co.
Simon, Herbert A. 1962. "The Architecture of Complexity." Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 106.
—— 1996. The Sciences of the Artificial (3rd ed.), vol. 136. The MIT Press.
Shannon, Claude, and Warren Weaver. 1949. The Mathematical Theory of Communication. ISBN 0-252-72546-8.
- Adapted from Shannon, Claude. 1948. "A Mathematical Theory of Communication." Bell System Technical Journal 27(3):379–423. doi:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.x.
Thom, René. 1972. Structural Stability and Morphogenesis: An Outline of a General Theory of Models. Reading, Massachusetts.
Weaver, Warren. 1948. "Science and Complexity." The American Scientist, 536–44.
Wiener, Norbert. 1965. Cybernetics: Or the Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine (2nd ed.). Cambridge: The MIT Press.
Wolfram, Stephen. 2002. A New Kind of Science. Wolfram Media.
Zadeh, Lofti. 1962. "From Circuit Theory to System Theory." Proceedings of the IRE 50(5):856–65.
Sharkovskii, A.N. (1964). „Co-existence of cycles of a continuous mapping of the line into itself”. Ukrainian Math. J. 16: 61—71.
Li, T.Y.; Yorke, J.A. (1975). „Period Three Implies Chaos” (PDF). American Mathematical Monthly. 82 (10): 985—92. Bibcode:1975AmMM...82..985L. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.329.5038 . JSTOR 2318254. doi:10.2307/2318254. Архивирано из оригинала (PDF) 2009-12-29. г. Приступљено 2009-08-12.
Alemansour, Hamed; Miandoab, Ehsan Maani; Pishkenari, Hossein Nejat (март 2017). „Effect of size on the chaotic behavior of nano resonators”. Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation. 44: 495—505. Bibcode:2017CNSNS..44..495A. doi:10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.09.010.
Crutchfield; Tucker; Morrison; J.D. Farmer; Packard; N.H.; Shaw; R.S (децембар 1986). „Chaos”. Scientific American. 255 (6): 38—49 (bibliography p.136). Bibcode:1986SciAm.255d..38T. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1286-46. Online version (Note: the volume and page citation cited for the online text differ from that cited here. The citation here is from a photocopy, which is consistent with other citations found online that don't provide article views. The online content is identical to the hardcopy text. Citation variations are related to country of publication).
Kolyada, S.F. (2004). „Li-Yorke sensitivity and other concepts of chaos”. Ukrainian Math. J. 56 (8): 1242—57. S2CID 207251437. doi:10.1007/s11253-005-0055-4.
Day, R.H.; Pavlov, O.V. (2004). „Computing Economic Chaos”. Computational Economics. 23 (4): 289—301. S2CID 119972392. SSRN 806124 . doi:10.1023/B:CSEM.0000026787.81469.1f.
Strelioff, C.; Hübler, A. (2006). „Medium-Term Prediction of Chaos” (PDF). Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 (4): 044101. Bibcode:2006PhRvL..96d4101S. PMID 16486826. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.044101. 044101. Архивирано из оригинала (PDF) 2013-04-26. г.
Hübler, A.; Foster, G.; Phelps, K. (2007). „Managing Chaos: Thinking out of the Box” (PDF). Complexity. 12 (3): 10—13. Bibcode:2007Cmplx..12c..10H. doi:10.1002/cplx.20159. Архивирано из оригинала (PDF) 2012-10-30. г. Приступљено 2011-07-17.
Motter, Adilson E.; Campbell, David K. (2013). „Chaos at 50”. Physics Today. 66 (5): 27. Bibcode:2013PhT....66e..27M. S2CID 54005470. arXiv:1306.5777 . doi:10.1063/PT.3.1977.
Alligood, K.T.; Sauer, T.; Yorke, J.A. (1997). Chaos: an introduction to dynamical systems. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-0-387-94677-1.
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Badii, R.; Politi A. (1997). Complexity: hierarchical structures and scaling in physics. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-66385-4.
Bunde; Havlin, Shlomo, ур. (1996). Fractals and Disordered Systems. Springer. ISBN 978-3642848704. and Bunde; Havlin, Shlomo, ур. (1994). Fractals in Science. Springer. ISBN 978-3-540-56220-7.
Collet, Pierre; Eckmann, Jean-Pierre (1980). Iterated Maps on the Interval as Dynamical Systems. Birkhauser. ISBN 978-0-8176-4926-5.
Devaney, Robert L. (2003). An Introduction to Chaotic Dynamical Systems (2nd изд.). Westview Press. ISBN 978-0-8133-4085-2.
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Feldman, D. P. (2012). Chaos and Fractals: An Elementary Introduction. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-956644-0. Архивирано из оригинала 31. 12. 2019. г. Приступљено 24. 07. 2021.
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Спољашње везе

Definitions of Systems and Models by Michael Pidwirny, 1999–2007.
Publications with the title "System" (1600–2008) by Roland Müller.
Definitionen von "System" (1572–2002) by Roland Müller, (most in German).

[merriam-webster-system-1] „Definition of system”. Merriam-Webster. Springfield, MA, USA. Приступљено 2019-01-16.

[:1-2] "σύστημα", Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek–English Lexicon, on Perseus Digits Library.

[Marshall1967-3] Marshall McLuhan in: McLuhan: Hot & Cool. Ed. by Gerald Emanuel Stearn. A Signet Book published by The New American Library, New York, 1967, p. 288.

[4] McLuhan, Marshall (2014). „4: The Hot and Cool Interview”. Ур.: Moos, Michel. Media Research: Technology, Art and Communication: Critical Voices in Art, Theory and Culture. Critical Voices in Art, Theory and Culture. Routledge. стр. 74. ISBN 9781134393145. Приступљено 2015-05-06. „System' means 'something to look at'. You must have a very high visual gradient to have systematization. In philosophy, before Descartes, there was no 'system.' Plato had no 'system.' Aristotle had no 'system.”

[Bertalanfy1945-5] 1945, Zu einer allgemeinen Systemlehre, Blätter für deutsche Philosophie, 3/4. (Extract in: Biologia Generalis, 19 (1949), 139–164.

[Wiener1948-6] 1948, Cybernetics: Or the Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine. Paris, France: Librairie Hermann & Cie, and Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

[Ashby1950-7] 1956. An Introduction to Cybernetics, Chapman & Hall.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

@@ Ред 1: / Ред 1: @@
+{{short description|Група међусобно повезаних или међусобно повезаних ентитета који чине јединствену целину}}
 {{Друго значење2|Систем}}
-'''Систем''' (од [[латински језик|латинског]] -{''systēma''}-, узетог од [[грчки језик|грчког]] -{''σύστημα'' [''sýstēma'']}-) представља скуп елемената, реалних или апстрактних, представљених као целина, где сваки елементи међусобно интерреагују, повезани са бар једним другим елементом, и сви заједно служе заједничкој сврси. Било који објекат који није у вези са било којим другим објектом система не представља део тог система, већ ''окружење система''. '''Подсистем''' представља скуп елемената који су систем за себе, али и део већег ''система''.
+'''Систем''' (од [[латински језик|латинског]] -{''systēma''}-, узетог од [[грчки језик|грчког]] -{''σύστημα'' [''sýstēma'']}-) представља скуп елемената, реалних или апстрактних, представљених као целина, где сваки елементи међусобно интерреагују, повезани са бар једним другим елементом, и сви заједно служе заједничкој сврси.<ref name="merriam-webster-system">{{cite web|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/system|title=Definition of ''system''|website=Merriam-Webster|location=Springfield, MA, USA|access-date=2019-01-16}}</ref> Било који објекат који није у вези са било којим другим објектом система не представља део тог система, већ ''окружење система''. '''Подсистем''' представља скуп елемената који су систем за себе, али и део већег ''система''.
+== Етимологија ==
+Термин ''систем'' потиче од [[Латински језик|латинске]] речи ''systēma'', која је проистекла из [[Greek language|грчке]] речи {{lang|grc|σύστημα}} ''systēma'': „цео концепт сачињен од више делова или чланова, систем“, дословно „композиција“.<ref name=":1">[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dsu%2Fsthma "σύστημα"], Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''[[A Greek–English Lexicon]]'', on Perseus Digits Library.</ref>
+== Историја ==
+Према [[Marshall McLuhan|Маршалу Маклуану]],{{рут}}
+<blockquote>
+"System" means "something to look at". You must have a very high visual gradient to have systematization. But in philosophy, prior to Descartes, there was no "system". Plato had no "system". Aristotle had no "system".<ref name ="Marshall1967">Marshall McLuhan in: McLuhan: Hot & Cool. Ed. by Gerald Emanuel Stearn. A Signet Book published by The New American Library, New York, 1967, p. 288.</ref><ref>
+{{cite book
+| last1                 = McLuhan
+| first1                = Marshall
+| author-link1          = Marshall McLuhan
+| chapter               = 4: The ''Hot and Cool'' Interview
+| editor1-last          = Moos
+| editor1-first         = Michel
+| title                 = Media Research: Technology, Art and Communication: Critical Voices in Art, Theory and Culture
+| chapter-url                   = https://books.google.com/books?id=hZR_AgAAQBAJ
+| series                = Critical Voices in Art, Theory and Culture
+| publisher             = Routledge
+| date      = 2014
+| page                  = 74
+| isbn                  = 9781134393145
+| access-date            = 2015-05-06
+| quote                = 'System' means 'something to look at'. You must have a very high visual gradient to have systematization. In philosophy, before Descartes, there was no 'system.' Plato had no 'system.' Aristotle had no 'system.'
+}}
+</ref>
+</blockquote>
+In the 19th century the French physicist [[Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot]], who studied [[thermodynamics]], pioneered the development of the concept of a ''system'' in the [[natural science]]s. In 1824 he studied the system which he called the ''working substance'' (typically a body of water vapor) in [[steam engine]]s, in regards to the system's ability to do work when heat is applied to it. The working substance could be put in contact with either a boiler, a cold reservoir (a stream of cold water), or a piston (on which the working body could do work by pushing on it). In 1850, the German physicist [[Rudolf Clausius]] generalized this picture to include the concept of the [[environment (systems)|surroundings]] and began to use the term ''working body'' when referring to the system.
+The biologist [[Ludwig von Bertalanffy]] became one of the pioneers of the [[Systems theory|general systems theory]]. In 1945 he introduced ''models, principles, and laws that apply to generalized systems or their subclasses, irrespective of their particular kind, the nature of their component elements, and the relation or 'forces' between them.''<ref name="Bertalanfy1945">1945, ''Zu einer allgemeinen Systemlehre,'' Blätter für deutsche Philosophie, 3/4. (Extract in: Biologia Generalis, 19 (1949), 139–164.</ref>
+[[Norbert Wiener]] and [[William Ross Ashby|Ross Ashby]], who pioneered the use of mathematics to study systems, carried out significant development in the concept of a ''system''.<ref name="Wiener1948">
+, ''Cybernetics: Or the Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine.'' Paris, France: Librairie Hermann & Cie, and Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.</ref><ref name="Ashby1950">1956. ''[http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/ASHBBOOK.html An Introduction to Cybernetics]'', Chapman & Hall.</ref>
+In the 1980s [[John Henry Holland]], [[Murray Gell-Mann]] and others coined the term ''[[complex adaptive system]]'' at the interdisciplinary [[Santa Fe Institute]].
 ==Види још==
+{{colbegin|colwidth=30em}}
 *[[Теорија система]]
 *[[Сложени систем]]и
@@ Ред 19: / Ред 60: @@
 *[[Систем система]]
 *[[Нотни систем|Линијски систем]] у музици
+{{colend}}
+== Референце ==
+{{reflist|}}
+== Литература ==
+{{refbegin|30em}}
+* Alexander Backlund (2000). "[https://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/03684920010322055 The definition of system]". In: ''Kybernetes'' Vol. 29 nr. 4, pp.&nbsp;444–451.
+* [[Kenneth D. Bailey (sociologist)|Kenneth D. Bailey]] (1994). ''Sociology and the New Systems Theory: Toward a Theoretical Synthesis''. New York: State of New York Press.
+* [[Bela H. Banathy]] (1997). [http://www.newciv.org/ISSS_Primer/asem04bb.html "A Taste of Systemics"], ISSS The Primer Project.
+* [[Walter F. Buckley]] (1967). '' Sociology and Modern Systems Theory'', New Jersey: Englewood Cliffs.
+* [[Peter Checkland]] (1997). ''Systems Thinking, Systems Practice''. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
+* [[Michel Crozier]], Erhard Friedberg (1981). ''Actors and Systems'', Chicago University Press.
+* [[Robert L. Flood]] (1999). ''[http://www.msbkwt.com/joomla/images/FILES2018-19/Library/E-Books/Rethinking-The-Fifth-Discipline.pdf Rethinking the Fifth Discipline: Learning within the unknowable]''. London: Routledge.
+* [[George J. Klir]] (1969). Approach to General Systems Theory, 1969.
+* [[Brian Wilson (systems scientist)|Brian Wilson]] (1980). ''Systems: Concepts, methodologies and Applications'', John Wiley
+* Brian Wilson (2001). ''Soft Systems Methodology—Conceptual model building and its contribution'', J.H.Wiley.
+* Beynon-Davies P. (2009). ''Business Information + Systems''. Palgrave, Basingstoke. {{ISBN|978-0-230-20368-6}}
+* [[W. Ross Ashby|Ashby, W. Ross]]. 1956. ''An Introduction to Cybernetics.'' Chapman & Hall.
+* —— 1960. ''Design for a Brain: The Origin of Adaptive Behavior'' (2nd ed.)''.'' Chapman & Hall.
+* [[Gregory Bateson|Bateson, Gregory]]. 1972. ''Steps to an Ecology of Mind: Collected essays in Anthropology, Psychiatry, Evolution, and Epistemology.'' University of Chicago Press.
+* [[Ludwig von Bertalanffy|von Bertalanffy, Ludwig]]. 1968. ''General System Theory: Foundations, Development, Applications'' New York: George Braziller
+* [[Arthur Burks|Burks, Arthur]]. 1970. ''Essays on Cellular Automata.'' University of Illinois Press.
+* [[Colin Cherry|Cherry, Colin]]. 1957. ''On Human Communication: A Review, a Survey, and a Criticism''. Cambridge: The MIT Press.
+* [[C. West Churchman|Churchman, C. West]]. 1971. ''The Design of Inquiring Systems: Basic Concepts of Systems and Organizations''. New York: Basic Books.
+* [[Peter Checkland|Checkland, Peter]]. 1999. ''Systems Thinking, Systems Practice: Includes a 30-Year Retrospective.'' Wiley.
+* [[James Gleick|Gleick, James]]. 1997. ''Chaos: Making a New Science'', Random House.
+* [[Hermann Haken|Haken, Hermann]]. 1983. ''Synergetics: An Introduction - 3rd Edition'', Springer.
+* [[John H. Holland|Holland, John H.]] 1992. ''Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems: An Introductory Analysis with Applications to Biology, Control, and Artificial Intelligence''. Cambridge: The MIT Press.
+* [[Niklas Luhmann|Luhmann, Niklas]]. 2013. ''Introduction to Systems Theory'', Polity.
+* [[Joanna Macy|Macy, Joanna]]. 1991. ''Mutual Causality in Buddhism and General Systems Theory: The Dharma of Natural Systems''. SUNY Press.
+* [[Humberto Maturana|Maturana, Humberto]], and [[Francisco Varela]]. 1980. ''Autopoiesis and Cognition: The Realization of the Living''. Springer Science & Business Media.
+* [[James Grier Miller|Miller, James Grier]]. 1978. ''Living Systems''. Mcgraw-Hill.
+* [[John von Neumann|von Neumann, John]]. 1951 "The General and Logical Theory of Automata." Pp.&nbsp;1–41 in ''Cerebral Mechanisms in Behavior''.
+* —— 1956. "Probabilistic Logics and the Synthesis of Reliable Organisms from Unreliable Components." ''Automata Studies'' 34:43–98.
+* von Neumann, John, and Arthur Burks, eds. 1966. ''Theory of Self-Reproducing Automata''. Illinois University Press.
+* [[Talcott Parsons|Parsons, Talcott]]. 1951. ''The Social System''. The Free Press.
+* [[Ilya Prigogine|Prigogine, Ilya]]. 1980. ''From Being to Becoming: Time and Complexity in the Physical Sciences.'' W H Freeman & Co.
+* [[Herbert A. Simon|Simon, Herbert A.]] 1962. "The Architecture of Complexity." ''[[Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society]]'' 106.
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+** Adapted from Shannon, Claude. 1948. "[https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6773024?arnumber=6773024 A Mathematical Theory of Communication]." ''Bell System Technical Journal'' 27(3):379–423. {{Doi|10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.x}}.
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+* Weaver, Warren. 1948. "Science and Complexity." ''[[The American Scientist]]'', 536–44.
+* [[Norbert Wiener|Wiener, Norbert]]. 1965. ''[[Cybernetics: Or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine|Cybernetics: Or the Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine]]'' (2nd ed.). Cambridge: The MIT Press.
+* [[Stephen Wolfram|Wolfram, Stephen]]. 2002. ''[[A New Kind of Science]]''. Wolfram Media.
+* [[Lofti Zadeh|Zadeh, Lofti]]. 1962. "From Circuit Theory to System Theory." ''[[Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers|Proceedings of the IRE]]'' 50(5):856–65.
+* {{cite journal |first=A.N. |last=Sharkovskii |author-link=Oleksandr Mykolaiovych Sharkovsky |title=Co-existence of cycles of a continuous mapping of the line into itself |journal=Ukrainian Math. J. |volume=16 |pages=61–71 |year=1964 }}
+* {{cite journal |author-link1=Tien-Yien Li |last1=Li |first1=T.Y. |author-link2=James A. Yorke |last2=Yorke |first2=J.A. |title=Period Three Implies Chaos |journal=[[American Mathematical Monthly]] |volume=82 |pages=985–92 |year=1975 |bibcode=1975AmMM...82..985L |doi=10.2307/2318254 |issue=10 |url=http://pb.math.univ.gda.pl/chaos/pdf/li-yorke.pdf |jstor=2318254 |citeseerx=10.1.1.329.5038 |access-date=2009-08-12 |archive-date=2009-12-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091229042210/http://pb.math.univ.gda.pl/chaos/pdf/li-yorke.pdf |url-status=dead }}
+*{{cite journal|last1=Alemansour|first1=Hamed|last2=Miandoab|first2=Ehsan Maani|last3=Pishkenari|first3=Hossein Nejat|title=Effect of size on the chaotic behavior of nano resonators|journal=Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation|date=March 2017|volume=44|pages=495–505|doi=10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.09.010|bibcode=2017CNSNS..44..495A}}
+* {{Cite journal |date = December 1986|title=Chaos |url = https://archive.org/details/sim_scientific-american_1986-12_255_6/page/38|journal=[[Scientific American]] |volume=255 |issue=6 |pages=38–49 (bibliography p.136) |bibcode = 1986SciAm.255d..38T |last2 = Tucker |last3 = Morrison |author1 = Crutchfield|author4 = J.D. Farmer|author5 = Packard|author6=N.H. |author7=Shaw |author8=R.S |author-link1=James P. Crutchfield |author-link5=Norman Packard |author-link7=Robert Shaw (physicist) |author4-link=J. Doyne Farmer |doi=10.1038/scientificamerican1286-46 }} [https://web.archive.org/web/20100612040821/http://cse.ucdavis.edu/~chaos/courses/ncaso/Readings/Chaos_SciAm1986/Chaos_SciAm1986.html Online version] (Note: the volume and page citation cited for the online text differ from that cited here. The citation here is from a photocopy, which is consistent with other citations found online that don't provide article views. The online content is identical to the hardcopy text. Citation variations are related to country of publication).
+* {{cite journal |author=Kolyada, S.F. |s2cid=207251437 |title=Li-Yorke sensitivity and other concepts of chaos |journal=Ukrainian Math. J. |volume=56 |pages=1242–57 |year=2004 |doi=10.1007/s11253-005-0055-4 |issue=8 }}
+* {{cite journal | last1 = Day| first1 = R.H. | last2 = Pavlov| first2 = O.V. | year = 2004| title = Computing Economic Chaos | ssrn = 806124| journal = Computational Economics | volume = 23 | issue = 4 | pages =  289–301 | doi = 10.1023/B:CSEM.0000026787.81469.1f | s2cid = 119972392 }}
+* {{cite journal|first1=C. |last1=Strelioff |first2=A. |last2=Hübler |title=Medium-Term Prediction of Chaos |journal=Phys. Rev. Lett. |volume=96 |issue=4 |id=044101 |year=2006 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.044101 |url=http://www.ccsr.illinois.edu/web/Techreports/2005-08/CCSR-05-4.pdf |pmid=16486826 |page=044101 |bibcode=2006PhRvL..96d4101S |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130426201635/http://www.ccsr.illinois.edu/web/Techreports/2005-08/CCSR-05-4.pdf |archive-date=2013-04-26 }}
+* {{cite journal |author1=Hübler, A. |author2=Foster, G. |author3=Phelps, K. |title=Managing Chaos: Thinking out of the Box |journal=Complexity |volume=12 |pages=10–13 |year=2007 |url=http://server17.how-why.com/blog/ManagingChaos.pdf |doi=10.1002/cplx.20159 |issue=3 |bibcode=2007Cmplx..12c..10H |access-date=2011-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121030165633/http://server17.how-why.com/blog/ManagingChaos.pdf |archive-date=2012-10-30 |url-status=dead }}
+* {{cite journal | last1 = Motter | first1 = Adilson E. | last2 = Campbell | first2 = David K. | year = 2013 | title = Chaos at 50 | journal = Physics Today | volume =  66| issue = 5| page =  27| doi = 10.1063/PT.3.1977 |arxiv = 1306.5777 |bibcode = 2013PhT....66e..27M | s2cid = 54005470 }}
+* {{cite book |last1=Alligood |first1=K.T. |last2=Sauer |first2=T. |last3=Yorke |first3=J.A. |title=Chaos: an introduction to dynamical systems |publisher=Springer-Verlag |year=1997 |isbn=978-0-387-94677-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=48YHnbHGZAgC}}
+* {{cite book| author=Baker, G. L.| title=Chaos, Scattering and Statistical Mechanics| publisher=Cambridge University Press| year=1996| isbn=978-0-521-39511-3}}
+* {{cite book |author1=Badii, R. |author2=Politi A. |title=Complexity: hierarchical structures and scaling in physics |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1997 |isbn=978-0-521-66385-4 |url=http://www.cambridge.org/gb/academic/subjects/physics/statistical-physics/complexity-hierarchical-structures-and-scaling-physics}}
+* {{cite book |editor1-last=Bunde  |editor2-first=Shlomo | editor2-last=Havlin | editor2-link=Shlomo Havlin |title=Fractals and Disordered Systems |publisher=Springer |year=1996 |isbn=978-3642848704}} and {{cite book |editor1-last=Bunde  |editor2-first=Shlomo | editor2-last=Havlin | editor2-link=Shlomo Havlin |title=Fractals in Science |publisher=Springer |year=1994 |isbn=978-3-540-56220-7}}
+* {{cite book| author=Collet, Pierre |author2=Eckmann, Jean-Pierre | title=Iterated Maps on the Interval as Dynamical Systems | publisher=Birkhauser | year=1980 |isbn=978-0-8176-4926-5}}
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+* {{cite book |author1=Gollub, J. P. |author2=Baker, G. L. |title=Chaotic dynamics |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1996 |isbn=978-0-521-47685-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n1qnekRPKtoC}}
+* {{cite book |author=Guckenheimer, John| author-link=John Guckenheimer|author2= Holmes, Philip |author-link2=Philip Holmes|title=Nonlinear Oscillations, Dynamical Systems, and Bifurcations of Vector Fields |publisher=Springer-Verlag  |year=1983 |isbn=978-0-387-90819-9}}
+* {{cite book| author=Gulick, Denny| title=Encounters with Chaos| url=https://archive.org/details/encounterswithch0000unse| publisher=McGraw-Hill| year=1992| isbn=978-0-07-025203-5}}
+* {{cite book |author=Gutzwiller, Martin |title=Chaos in Classical and Quantum Mechanics |publisher=Springer-Verlag |year=1990 |isbn=978-0-387-97173-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fnO3XYYpU54C}}
+* {{cite book |author=Hoover, William Graham|author-link=William G Hoover|title=Time Reversibility, Computer Simulation, and Chaos |publisher=World Scientific |orig-year=1999|year=2001 |isbn=978-981-02-4073-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=24kEKsdl0psC}}
+* {{cite book |author=Kautz, Richard |title=Chaos: The Science of Predictable Random Motion |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-19-959458-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x5YbNZjulN0C}}
+* {{cite book |author1=Kiel, L. Douglas |author2=Elliott, Euel W. |title=Chaos Theory in the Social Sciences |publisher=Perseus Publishing |year=1997 |isbn=978-0-472-08472-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K46kkMXnKfcC}}
+* {{cite book |author=Moon, Francis |title=Chaotic and Fractal Dynamics |publisher=Springer-Verlag |year=1990 |isbn=978-0-471-54571-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ddz-CI-nSKYC}}
+* {{cite book |author=Ott, Edward |title=Chaos in Dynamical Systems |publisher=Cambridge University Press  |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-521-01084-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nOLx--zzHSgC}}
+* {{cite book| author=Strogatz, Steven| author-link=Steven Strogatz| title=Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos| publisher=Perseus Publishing| year=2000| isbn=978-0-7382-0453-6| url=https://archive.org/details/nonlineardynamic00stro}}
+* {{cite book |last=Sprott |first=Julien Clinton |title=Chaos and Time-Series Analysis |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-19-850840-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SEDjdjPZ158C}}
+* {{cite book |author1=Tél, Tamás |author2=Gruiz, Márton |title=Chaotic dynamics: An introduction based on classical mechanics |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-521-83912-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P2JL7s2IvakC}}
+* {{cite book| last = Teschl| given = Gerald|author-link=Gerald Teschl| title = Ordinary Differential Equations and Dynamical Systems| publisher=[[American Mathematical Society]]| place = [[Providence, Rhode Island|Providence]]| year = 2012| isbn= 978-0-8218-8328-0| url = https://www.mat.univie.ac.at/~gerald/ftp/book-ode/}}
+* {{cite book|vauthors=Thompson JM, Stewart HB | title=Nonlinear Dynamics And Chaos| publisher=John Wiley and Sons Ltd| year=2001| isbn=978-0-471-87645-8}}
+* {{cite book |author1-link=Nicholas Tufillaro |last1=Tufillaro |last2=Reilly |title=An experimental approach to nonlinear dynamics and chaos |journal=American Journal of Physics |volume=61 |issue=10 |pages=958 |publisher=Addison-Wesley |year=1992 |isbn=978-0-201-55441-0 |bibcode=1993AmJPh..61..958T |doi=10.1119/1.17380 |url=https://archive.org/details/unset0000unse_q2b7 |url-access=limited }}
+* {{cite book | last=Wiggins|first=Stephen  | title= Introduction to Applied Dynamical Systems and Chaos | publisher= Springer | year= 2003 | isbn= 978-0-387-00177-7 }}
+* {{cite book| author=Zaslavsky, George M.| title=Hamiltonian Chaos and Fractional Dynamics| publisher=Oxford University Press| year=2005| isbn=978-0-19-852604-9}}
+{{refend}}
 == Спољашње везе ==
 {{Commonscat|Systems}}
+* [http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/4b.html ''Definitions of Systems and Models''] by Michael Pidwirny, 1999–2007.
+* [http://www.muellerscience.com/SPEZIALITAETEN/System/Lit.System%281556-2001%29.htm ''Publications with the title "System" (1600–2008)''] by Roland Müller.
+* [http://www.muellerscience.com/SPEZIALITAETEN/System/System_Definitionen.htm ''Definitionen von "System" (1572–2002)''] by Roland Müller, (most in German).
 {{нормативна контрола}}