Ambrozije Milanski

Sveti Ambrozije Mediolanski

Sveti Ambrozije (339-397), je bio episkop mediolanski (milanski). Milanski biskup je postao 374. godine. Otac mu je bio carski namesnik Galije i Španije, a verom neznabožac, a majka hrišćanka. Po predanju, dok je još bio kolevci, na njega se spustio roj pčela, i sipao med u njegova usta. Po smrti oca, car ga je postavio za svog namesnika Ligurijske oblasti, čiji je centar bio Mediolan. Nakon smrti mediolanskog episkopa, između pravoslavaca i arijevaca je izbio sukob oko izbora novog episkopa.

Amvrosije je ušao u crkvu po dužnosti da održava red. Utom neko dete na grudima materinim uzviknu: „Amvrosije - episkop!" Narod je ovo primio kao glas Božji i, suprotno njegovoj volji, izabrala ga jednoglasno za episkopa. Amvrosije se krsti i kroz nedelju dana prođe sve prethodne činove i bi rukopoložen za episkopa. Kao episkop Amvrosije utvrdi veru pravoslavnu, potisne jeretike, ukrasi crkve, rasprostre veru među neznabošcima, napisa mnoge poučne knjige i posluži primerom pravog hrišćanina i hrišćanskog pastira.

On je sastavio i poznatu blagodarstvenu pesmu: Tebe Boga hvalim. Ovaj slavni jerarh, zbog čije su mudrosti i slatkorečivosti posećivali ga ljudi iz dalekih zemalja, bio je veoma uzdržljiv, trudoljubiv i bodrstven. Spavao je malo, radio je i molio se Bogu neprestano, postio je sve dane izuzev subote i nedelje. Zato mu je Bog dao i da vidi mnoga čudesa Božja i da ih sam učini. Otkrio je mošti svetih mučenika Protasija, Gervasija, Nazarija i Kelsija (v. 14. oktobar).

Izobličio je caricu Justinu kao jeretkinju, Maksima tiranina i ubicu prokleo, caru Teodosiju zabranio pristup u hram sve dok nije pokajao svoj greh, s Evgenijem nasilnim i samozvanim carem ne hte se susresti. Ovom bogougodnom mužu darova Bog toliku blagodat, da je i mrtve vaskrsavao, demone iz ljudi izgonio, bolesnike od svake bolesti isceljivao, i u budućnost prozirao. Umro je na Vaskrs 397. godine.

Ambrozije Milanski je bio u Sirmijumu da utvrdi pravovjerje nasuprot arijanstvu, pa ga je napala jedna devojka. Sutradan je umrla, i narod je to shvatio kao Božju kaznu, što je pomoglo suzbijanju arijanskog učenja. O tome piše Miroslava Mirković u knjizi Sirmijum, istorija rimskog grada od prvog do kraja četvrtog veka. pp. 263.

Literatura

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• Byfield, Ted (2003). Darkness Descends : A.D. 350 to 565, the Fall of the Western Roman Empire. Christian History Project. ISBN 978-0-9689873-3-9. 
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• Dudden, F. Homes (1935), The Life and Times of St. Ambrose, Oxford: Clarendon Press 
• Errington, R. Malcolm (1997). „Christian Accounts of the Religious Legislation of Theodosius I”. Klio. 79 (2): 398—443. doi:10.1524/klio.1997.79.2.398. 
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• King, N.Q. (1960), The Emperor Theodosius and the Establishment of Christianity, Philadelphia: Westminster Press 
• Lee, A. D. (2013). From Rome to Byzantium AD 363 to 565. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-6835-9. 
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• MacCulloch, Diarmaid (2010). Christianity: The First Three Thousand Years. Penguin. ISBN 978-1-101-18999-3. 
• MacMullen, Ramsay (1984). Christianizing the Roman Empire: (A.D. 100-400). Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-03642-8. 
• McLynn, Neil B. (1994), Ambrose of Milan: Church and Court in a Christian Capital, The Transformation of the Classical Heritage, 22, Berkeley: University of California Press 
• Nirenberg, David (2013). Anti-Judaism: The Western Tradition. Head of Zeus. ISBN 978-1-78185-296-5. 
• Paredi, Angelo (1964), Saint Ambrose: His Life and Times, Prevod: Joseph Costelloe, Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, ISBN 9780268002398 
• Paulinus (1952), Life of St. Ambrose by Paulinus., Prevod: John A. Lacy, New York: Fathers of the Church 
• Sharkey, Michael; Weinandy, Thomas, ur. (1. 1. 2009). International Theological Commission. Vol II: Texts and Documents, 1986-2007. Ignatius Press. ISBN 978-1-58617-226-8. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)
• Siecienski, A. Edward (2010). The Filioque: History of a Doctrinal Controversy. Oxford University Press USA. ISBN 978-0-19-537204-5. 
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Spoljašnje veze

• Rasprava svetog Amvrosija Milanskog, O pravoslavnoj veri protiv arijanaca ili, O božanstvu i sasuštatstvenosti Sina
• Sveti Amvrosije Milanskog, O TAJNAMA verujem.org
• Ambrose na sajtu Projekat Gutenberg (jezik: engleski)
• Ambrozije Milanski na sajtu Internet Archive (jezik: engleski)
• Ambrozije Milanski na sajtu LibriVox (jezik: engleski)
• Christian Classics Ethereal Library, Works of Ambrose of Milan
• Hymni Ambrosii (Latin)
• EarlyChurch.org.uk Extensive bibliography
• Ambrose's works: text, concordances and frequency list
• Ambrose at The Online Library of Liberty
• Opera Omnia
• Ambrose in Anglo-Saxon England, with Pseudo-Ambrose and Ambrosiaster, Contributions to Sources of Anglo-Saxon Literary Culture, by Dabney Anderson Bankert, Jessica Wegmann, and Charles D. Wright.
• "Saint Ambrose" at the Christian Iconography website
• Forum about the "ambrosian rite" Arhivirano na sajtu Wayback Machine (6. mart 2016)
• "Of St. Ambrose" from the Caxton translation of the Golden Legend
• Augustine's account of the penitence of Theodosius