Analitička psihologija
Analitička psihologija (nem. Analytische Psychologie, sometimes translated as analytic psychology and referred to as Jungian analysis), metod psihoanalize[1], pojam koji obuhvata psihološke pravce, poput strukturalne psihologije, kojima je zajedničko da duševni život i pojave raščlanjuju ili svode na izvesne elemente. Naglašava razlaganje, rastavljanje složenih psihičkih fenomena na jednostavne elemente i posebnu pažnju poklanja nesvesnim fenomenima[2]. Posebno važan je proces individuacije. Njenim osnivačem se smatra Karl Gustav Jung. [1]Analitička psihologija je termin koji je skovao švajcarski psihijatar Karl Gustav Jung, da bi opisao istraživanje svoje nove „empirijske nauke“ o psihi. Dizajniran je da se napravi razlika od Frojdovih psihoanalitičkih teorija, jer se njihova sedmogodišnja saradnja na psihoanalizi privodila kraju između 1912. i 1913. godine.[3][4][5] Evolucija njegove nauke sadržana je u njegovom monumentalnom opusu, Sabranim delima, napisanim tokom šezdeset godina njegovog života.[6]
Među široko korištenim konceptima za koje je posebno zaslužna analitička psihologija su: anima i animus, arhetipovi, kolektivno nesvesno, kompleksi, ekstraverzija i introverzija, individuacija, sebstvo, sena i sinhronost.[7][8] Indikator tipa Majers–Brigs (MBTI) zasnovan je na još jednoj Jungovoj teoriji o psihološkim tipovima.[7][9][10] Manje poznata ideja bila je Jungov pojam psihoida za označavanje hipotetičkog imanentnog plana izvan svesti, različitog od kolektivnog nesvesnog, i potencijalni lokus sinhronosti.[11]
Za približno „tri škole“ postjungijevske analitičke psihologije, prisutne u današnjosti, klasične, arhetipske i razvojne, može se reći da odgovaraju razvijajućim, ali preklapajućim aspektima Jungovih životnih istraživanja, mada on izričito nije želeo da započne školu.[7](pp. 50–53)[12] Otuda, pošto je Jung polazio iz kliničke prakse koja je uglavnom bila tradicionalno zasnovana na nauci i bila uronjena u racionalističku filozofiju, antropologiju i etnografiju, njegov istraživački um ga je istovremeno odveo u više ezoteričnih sfera kao što su alhemija, astrologija, gnosticizam, metafizika, mit i paranormalno, a da nikada nije napustio svoju privrženost nauci, o čemu svedoči njegova dugotrajna saradnja sa Volfgangom Pauliem.[13] Njegova široka progresija sugeriše prema nekim komentatorima da je s vremenom njegova analitička psihoterapija, informisana njegovom intuicijom i teleološkim istraživanjima, postala više „umetnost“.[7]
Nalazi jungovske analize i primena analitičke psihologije na savremene preokupacije kao što su socijalni i porodični odnosi,[14] snovi i noćne more, ravnoteža između posla i života,[15] arhitektura i urbano planiranje,[16] politika i ekonomija, sukobi i ratovanje[17] i klimatske promene ilustrovane su u sve većem broju publikacija i filmova.[18][19][20][21]
Poreklo[uredi | uredi izvor]
Jung je sviju karijeru započeo kao psihijatar u Cirihu u Švajcarskoj. On je bio zaposlen u bolnici Burgholcli već 1901. godine. U svojoj akademskoj disertaciji za medicinski fakultet Univerziteta u Cirihu on je rizikovao koristeći svoje eksperimente o mesečarenju i vizijama svoje medijumske rođake Heli Prajsverk. Rad je nosio naslov „O psihologiji i patologiji takozvanih okultnih pojava“.[22] Rad je bio prihvaćen, ali je izazvao veliku uznemirenost u porodici njegove majke.[23] Pod rukovodstvom psihijatra Eugena Blojlera, takođe je sproveo istraživanje sa svojim kolegama koristeći galvanometar za procenu emocionalne osetljivosti pacijenata na spiskove reči tokom udruživanja reči.[23][24][25][26] Jung je ostavio opis upotrebe uređaja u lečenju.[27][28][29] Njegova istraživanja su mu donela svetsku reputaciju i brojne počasti, uključujući počasne doktorate sa univerziteta Klark i Fordham 1909. i 1910. godine. Kasnije su usledile i druge počasti.[30][31]
Reference[uredi | uredi izvor]
- ^ a b Mišić, Milan, ur. (2005). Enciklopedija Britanika. A-B. Beograd: Narodna knjiga : Politika. str. 46. ISBN 86-331-2075-5.
- ^ Ivan Vidanović, Rečnik socijalnog rada
- ^ Jung, C. G. (1912). Neue Bahnen in der Psychologie (na jeziku: nemački). Zürich. (New Pathways in Psychology)
- ^ Samuels, Andrew; Shorter, B.; Plaut, F. (1986). A Critical Dictionary of Jungian Analysis. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. ISBN 978-0-415-05910-7.
- ^ „Analytic Psychology”. Encyclopaedia Britannica. 23. 10. 2023.
- ^ „Collected Works of C.G. Jung, Complete Digital Edition”. Princeton University Press. Pristupljeno 2014-01-23.
- ^ a b v g Fordham, Michael (1978). Jungian Psychotherapy: A Study in Analytical Psychology. London: Wiley & Sons. str. 1–8. ISBN 0-471-99618-1.
- ^ Stevens, Anthony (1990). Archetype: A Natural History of the Self. Hove: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415052207.
- ^ Jung, Carl Gustav (1. 8. 1971). „Psychological Types”. Collected Works of C. G. Jung, Volume 6. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-09770-1.
- ^ McCrae, R.; Costa, P. (1989), Reinterpreting the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator from the perspective of the five-factor model of personality.
- ^ Addison, Ann (2009). „Jung, vitalism and 'the psychoid': an historical reconstruction”. Journal of Analytical Psychology. 54 (1): 123—142. PMID 19161521. doi:10.1111/j.1468-5922.2008.01762.x.
- ^ Samuels, Andrew (1985). Jung and the Post-Jungians. London and Boston: Routledge & Kegan Paul plc. str. 11-21. ISBN 0-7100-9958-4.
- ^ Remo, F. Roth (2012). Return of the World Soul, Wolfgang Pauli, C. G. Jung and the Challenge of Psychophysical Reality [unus mundus], Part 2: A Psychophysical Theory. Pari Publishing. ISBN 978-88-95604-16-9.
- ^ Samuels, Andrew, ur. (1985). The Father: Contemporary Jungian Perspectives. London: Free Association Books. ISBN 978-0-946960-28-6.
- ^ Kutek, Ann (1999). „The terminal as a substitute for the interminable?”. Psychodynamic Counselling, 5: 1. 5: 7—24. doi:10.1080/13533339908404188.
- ^ Huskinson, Lucy (2018). Architecture and the Mimetic Self: A Psychoanalytic Study of How Buildings Make and Break Our Lives. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-69303-5.
- ^ Redfearn, J.W.T. (1992). The Exploding Self: The Creative and Destructive Nucleus of the Personality. Chiron.
- ^ Wisdom of the Dream (Carl Jung) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ci9nfJbvBjY a Stephen Segaller production.
- ^ Hubback, Judith (2013). People Who Do Things to Each Other. Chiron Publishers. ISBN 978-0-933029279.
- ^ Schaverien, Joy (2015). Boarding School Syndrome. Routledge. ISBN 978-0415690034.
- ^ Mathers, Dale, ur. (2021). Depth Psychology and Climate Change: The Green Book. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-367-23721-9.
- ^ Jung. CW 1. pp. 3–88
- ^ a b Bair, Deirdre (2004). Jung, A Biography. London: Little Brown. ISBN 0-316-85434-4.
- ^ Binswanger, L. (1919). „XII”. Ur.: Jung, Carl. Studies in Word-Association. New York, NY: Moffat, Yard & company. str. 446 et seq. Pristupljeno 30. 3. 2015.
- ^ Note: Jung was so impressed with EDA monitoring, he allegedly cried, "Aha, a looking glass into the unconscious!"
- ^ Brown, Barbara (9. 11. 1977). „Skin Talks -- And It May Not Be Saying What You Want To”. Pocatello, Idaho: Field Enterprises, Inc. Idaho State Journal. str. 32. Pristupljeno 8. 4. 2015.
- ^ Mitchell, Gregory. „Carl Jung & Jungian Analytical Psychology”. Mind Development Courses. Arhivirano iz originala 29. 12. 2020. g. Pristupljeno 9. 4. 2015.
- ^ Daniels, Victor. „Notes on Carl Gustav Jung”. Sonoma State University. Pristupljeno 4. 4. 2015. „By 1906 [Jung] was using GSR and breath measurement to note changes in respiration and skin resistance to emotionally charged worlds. He found that indicators cluster around stimulus words which indicate the nature of the subject's complexes.”
- ^ The Biofeedback Monitor Arhivirano 2008-09-15 na sajtu Wayback Machine
- ^ Wehr, Gerhard (1987). Jung - A Biography. Prevod: Weeks, David. M. Boston: Shambala. str. 501-505. ISBN 0-87773-455-0.
- ^ Roazen, Paul. (1976) Erik Erikson, pp. 8-9. The Harvard Fellowship was intended for Freud who was too ill to travel, so to save emoluments going elsewhere, it was offered to Jung, who accepted.
Literatura[uredi | uredi izvor]
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- Aziz, Robert (1990). C.G. Jung's Psychology of Religion and Synchronicity (10 izd.). The State University of New York Press. ISBN 0-7914-0166-9.
- Aziz, Robert (1999). „Synchronicity and the Transformation of the Ethical in Jungian Psychology”. Ur.: Becker, Carl. Asian and Jungian Views of Ethics. Greenwood. ISBN 0-313-30452-1.
- Aziz, Robert (2007). The Syndetic Paradigm: The Untrodden Path Beyond Freud and Jung. The State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-6982-8.
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Spoljašnje veze[uredi | uredi izvor]
- Archive for Research in Archetypal Symbolism
- Website of the Journal of Analytical Psychology, considered the foremost international publication on AP
- Harvest a scholarly journal of the Jung Club, London
- International Association of Analytical Psychology
- International Association for Jungian Studies
- Pacifica Graduate Institute, a graduate school offering programs in Jungian and post-Jungian studies
- Jung Arena - Analytical psychology books, journals and resources
- ADEPAC Colombia, Colombian analytical psychology news, biographies and resources