Bel UH-1 Irokvojs Hjui

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Bel UH-1 Irokez Hjui

UH-1N Hjui Marinskog korpusa SAD
UH-1N Hjui Marinskog korpusa SAD

Opšti podaci
Posada pilot, kopilot, posada, komandant, jedan ili dve tobdžije ili vojni lekari
Dimenzije
Dužina 17,4 m
Masa
Masa praznog 2.365 kg
Performanse
Maksimalna brzina 220 km/h
Brzina uspona 8,92 m/min
Vrhunac leta 4.097 m
Pogon
 Portal Vazduhoplovstvo

Bel UH-1 Irokez (engl. Bell UH-1 Iroquois), među američkim vojnicima i američkoj javnosti poznatiji kao Hjui (engl. Huey),[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] je višenamenski lakši vojni helikopter, pogonom sa jenim turboelisni motor,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] koji je zbog svog intezivnog učešća obeležio Vijetnamski rat.[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]

Izrađen je prema zahtevu američke vojske iz 1955. godine radi višenamenskog helikoptera.[28] Prvobitno je bio osmišljen da bude korišćen u medicinskoj službi, ali se kasnije pronašlo da može biti i savršen u prebacivanju trupa na različite lokacije i njihovom izbavljanju od opasnosti; iako je, po nekima, bio predviđen za samo šest putnika (isključujući posadu).[29][30][31][32][33] Prvi svoj let je obavio 22. oktobra 1956. g.[34][35][36] Zbog svoje prvobitne oznake HU-1 (helicopter utility - višenamenski helikopter) dobio je svoj gore pomenuti nadimak.[37][38]

Više od 16.000 ih je napravljeno širom sveta.[39]

Rat u Vijetnamu primorao je američku vojsku da skroz preorijentiše dotadašnju ratnu strategiju i razvije novu u kojoj će helikopteri igrati bitnu ulogu,[40] pa je stoga, između ostalog, počev od 1962. godine počela da koristi i ovaj Belov tip,[41] koji je učestvovao u najrazličitijim spasilačkim poduhvatima za vreme rata, spasivši pritom preko 400.000 ranjenika, što mu je donelo naročit ugled i popularnost u američkoj vojsci.[42][43] Veruje se da ih je između 5-7.000 viđeno samo u Vijetnamu.[44][45][46] Izlažući se tamo često opasnostima oboreno ih je 2.500,[47][48] a prema nekim nezvaničnim procenama ta cifra prelazi 3.000, što je konačno dovelo neke do ideje o jurišnom helikopteru.[49]

Najmanje tri civilne verzije nastale su po uzoru na Bel UH-1 Irokez Hjui.[50] Počev od 1978. godine njegovo mesto u vojsci preuzima UH-60 Blek Houk,[51][52] koji je izrađen da može prenositi 50% više tereta i trupa preko veće udaljenosti i pri višoj brzini.[53]

Razvoj[uredi | uredi izvor]

Bel XH-40, prototip od UH-1

Godine 1952. godine, američka vojska je pokrenula konkurs radi novog helikoptera koji bi poslužio prevashodno za medicinsku evakuaciju (engl. MEDEVAC), školsku i opšte javnu upotrebu.[54] Zaključeno je da su dotadašnji helikopteri tipa H-34 (koji su korišćeni u Vijetnamu počev od 1961) bili preglomazni, nedovoljno ili previše kompleksni da bi se lako održavali.[55][56] „Bel helikopteri“, kompanija koja je odranije imala dosta uspeha s tipom 47G,[57] uspela je 1955. godine ponovo da zainteresuje vojsku, ovaj put svojim tipom 204 s turbinskim motorom,[58][59] koji je obavio svoj prvi let 22. oktobra 1956. godine pod oznakom XH-40.[60] Vojska je prihvatila prvi primerak septembra 1958 g.,[61] a od naredne godine jula meseca ušao je u masovnu proizvodnju bivajući pritom označen kao HU-1A.[62][63] Zvanično je imenovan „Irokez“ (po indijanskom plemenu Irokezi),[64] ali mu je kasnije nadenut nadimak Hjui, zbog originalne oznake HU-1,[65][66][67] koji se održao i onda kada je 1962. godine vojska promenila oznaku u UH-1.[68][69] Počev od 1960. godine postepeno će smenjivati helikoptere tipa Sikorski H-19D u sanitetskim jedinicama.[70]

Sve dok kompanija Avko-Lajkoming endžin (engl. Avco Lycoming engine) nije razvila svoj turbo-vratilni motor T53, dotle su helikopteri bili pokretani na klipni motor.[71] Ovaj motor, kojeg odlikuju lakoća i mnogo manje vibracije i buke, zamenio je poprilično složene i teške za održavanje klipne motore, a pojavom Hjuija stekao je slavu.[72] Ali, uprkos tome što je UH-1 Hjui dokazao da su turbinski heliopteri izuzetno poboljšanje što se tiče prve generacije obrtno-krilnih mašina, vojska je, ocenivši da je ranjiv od vatre sa zemlje, kao i da nije u stanju da operiše uspešno pri lošim vremenskim uslovima, krajem 60ih i početkom 70ih počela da izrađuje zahtev za novu, više borbeniju mašinu koja bi ga na kraju zamenila.[73][74][75]

UH-1B[uredi | uredi izvor]

UH-1B.
Kabina UH-1B-a

U periodu između 1963. i 1968. godine vojska je izradila niz verzija Hjui helikoptera od kojih su neke, poput UH-1B i AH-1G, imale izražen uticaj na potonje verzije.[76] Proizvodnja verzije B (UH-1B) počela je marta 1961. godine i za četiri godine dostigla nešto više od 1.000 primeraka.[77] U Vijetnam su počeli da pristižu 1963. g.[78]

Ova verzija niskoletećeg jurišnog helikoptera s poboljšanim motorom od 716 kW (T53-L-5),[63] naoružana s dva ili četiri mitraljeza M60 kalibra 7,62 mm i s četrnaest (a katkad i s trideset i šest) raketnih projektila od 2,75 inči (70 mm) s obe strane,[79][80][81][82][83] pokazala se u kasnijoj fazi Vijetnamskog rata delotvornom protiv oklopnih jedinica, uništivši osam severnovijetnamskih tenkova,[84] kao i u pružanju podrške rečnim jedinicama u delti reke Mekong.[85][86][87]

Ranih 60ih, nedugo nakon što su poslati prvi američki helikopteri u Južni Vijetnam, vojska je razvila verziju B, označivši je kao UH-1D, koja je imala duže telo s kabinom koja je mogla izdržati šest nosila s težim ranjenicima ili devet lakše povređenih.[88]

UH-1C[uredi | uredi izvor]

UH-1C.

Verzija C, u žargonu zvana i Hjui Krmak (engl. Huey Hog), s pogonom na razvijeniju verziju motora T53-L-11 od 820 kW,[63] predviđena je za ne više od četiri osobe, naoružana je različitom vrstom oružja: od po dva mitraljeza tipa M60 kalibra 7,62 mm, topova kalibra 40 mm, pa sve do raketa od 70 mm; a piloti su posebno davali prvenstvo XM-5 sistemu koristeći bacač granata M75.[89][90][91] Delovala je po potrebi i tokom opasnih vremenskih uslovima radi ispomaganja opkoljenih konvoja.[92] U upotrebu je uvedena 1965. g.[78]

UH-1D[uredi | uredi izvor]

UH-1D
Nemački UH-1D

Verzija D, poznata pod nadimkom Glatki (engl. Slick),[93][94] pošto je bila predviđena da izdrži čak i do petnaest lica,[95] imala je drugačiji motor (T53-L-11), koji je težio 1,1 tonu.[96][63] Takođe, ono što je čini još posebnijom jeste oružani sistem XM-21.[97] Uvedena je u uporebu 1963. godine,[78] a počev od 1967. je u službi je američkih oružanih snaga, s primarnim zadatkom da skuplja ranjenike i odnosi ih sa bojišta.[98]

Takođe, korišćena je i prilikom obavljanja zadataka tipa „pronađi i uništi“ (engl. Search and destroy).[99][100] Uspešno je sletela i uzletela jula 1967. godine sa tada eksperimentalne platforme ATC(R) najmanje u ono vreme kojom je raspolagala američka mornarica.[101]

UH-1E[uredi | uredi izvor]

UH-1E.

Verzija E je izvedena iz verzije B za potrebe američke mornaričke pešadije i u skladu s tim uvedena joj je rotorna kočnica, specijalna avijaciona elektronika, kao i spasilačka dizalica.[63] Razoružan, UH-1E je bio savršena izviđačka letelica, ali je češće preusmeravan na zadatke drugačije prirode, kao što je npr. oskrbljavanje udaljenih baza.[102]

UH-1F[uredi | uredi izvor]

UH-1F.

Verzija F je takođe izvedena iz verzije B, ali za potrebe američkog vazduhoplovstva i u skladu s tim opsosobljena je: s motorom Т58-GE-3 od 820 kW, s prečnikom rotora od 14,63 m, da izdrži 10 lica, odnosno teret od 1814 kg u vidu bočnih raketa.[63][103]

AH-1G Kobra[uredi | uredi izvor]

Glavni članak: AH-1 Kobra
AH-1G Kobra

Tokom Vijetnamskog rata (1954—1975) vojsci je bio preko potreban jurišni helikopter u pravom smislu te reči, koji bi pratio transportne helikoptere štiteći ih u isto vreme od opasnosti sa zemlje.[104][105]

Radi toga još krajem 50ih kompanija „Bel helikopteri“, izučavajući mogućnosti svojih dotadašnjih helikoptera, razvila je nešto izmenjenu verziju AH-47 Sijuksa s aerodinamičnim nosom, kratkim naoružanim krilima, pokretnim topom kojim je upravljao tobdžija iza kojeg se nalazio pilot; ali se ubrzo ispostavilo da je dotična letelica poprilično nemoćna za zahtevne zadatke koje je imala da obavlja u Vijetnamu, pa je pomenuta kompanija morala da razvije mnogo boljeg AH-1G Hjuija.[106][103]

Ova poboljšana verzija počela je da se isporučuje od juna 1968. godine, a već posle tri meseca su primećeni prvi primerci u Vijetnamu.[107] Za razliku od klasičnog Hjuija, Kobra je imala vrlo uzak (najšira tačka bila je svega 975 mm široka) i uglađen trup, ali je u mnogo tome imala sličnosti: 80% njihovih delova je bilo gotovo identično.[108]

Naoružan šestocevnim mitraljez-topom kalibra 7.62 mm, a katkad i s automatskim bacačem granata od 40 mm, oskrbljen sa do čak sedamdeset i šest raketa od 70 mm, kao i električno-hidrauličnim topom od 20 mm, pokazao se u početku kao savršen eskortni jurišni helikopter (pogotovo onda kada je operisao zajedno s OH-6A Kajuzom[109]), što su mu mnogi i priznali, mada je i dalje imao niz mana, a jedna od njih bila je velika sporost zbog preopterećenosti od prethodno nabrojanih oružja.[110][111][112][113][114][115][116]

UH-1H[uredi | uredi izvor]

UH-1H.

Verzija H je nešto izmenjena verzija D, čiji je motor T53-L-13 od 1044 kW.[63][103] Kao i ostale verzije, i ova je bila raspoređena u Jugoistočnoj Aziji, pre svega na vijetnamsko bojište, gde je služila u opštoj podršci, kao teretni transporter, u vazduhoplovno-medicinskoj službi, a katkad i po potrebi kao jurišni helikopter.[117] Na bojnom terenu se pojavila krajem 1967. g.[78]

Operativna istorija[uredi | uredi izvor]

Glavni članak: Vijetnamski rat

Vojska SAD[uredi | uredi izvor]

HU-1А (kasnije preimenovan u UH-1А) je ušao u službu 101. iz Fort Kempbela (Kentaki) i 82. vazdušno-desantne divizije, kao i 57. medicinskog odreda iz Fort Blisa (Teksas), čiji primerci su bili prvi koji su marta 1962. godine otišli za Vijetnam,[118] gde su stigli mesec dana kasnije.[119] Ubrzo nakon dolaska 57. medicinskog odreda u Vijetnam (gde su smešteni u blizini 8. poljske bolnice u Nja Trangu), vijetnamski pobunjenici pojačali su znatno svoje delatnosti u delti reke Mekong.[120] Do kraja jeseni oni su uspešno potisnuti sa svih sletališta od strane petnaest UH-1A-ova.[121]

Glavni članak: Bitka kod Ap Baka
Srušeni Hjui kod Ap Baka.

Ali prilikom jednog drugog okršaja koji se zbio u Ap Baku 2-3. januara 1963. godine, takođe nevelikih razmera, od ukupno četrnaest helikoptera jedanaest je pretrpelo ozbiljnja oštećenja od kojih je pet oboreno.[122][123] Američki izvori taj gubitak objašnjavaju odsustvom većeg ratnog iskustva, ali i prevelike samouverenosti koja je vladala među pilotima.[124] S druge strane, vijetnamski istoričari ocenjuju ovaj okršaj presudnim u ratu, jer po njima pobunjenici su konačno savladali kako da obaraju američke helikoptere.[125] Zbog velikog broja južnovijetnamskih vojnika koji su uzeli učešća, a posebno zbog broja oborenih američkih helikoptera, bitka kod Ap Baka skrenula je pažnju javnosti.[126]

Do sredine 1966. godine vodovi jurišnih helikoptera, od kojih se svaki sačinjavao od osam UH-1 Hjuija, bili su opterećeni zadacima širom celog Južnog Vijetnama.[127]

Glavni članak: Bitka kod Ke Sana

Gotovo 350 UH-1 Hjuija, CH–47 Činuka, OH-6 Kajuza i UH-1 jurišnih helikoptera je uzelo učešće u bici za Ke San, pruživši pomoć pešadijskim bataljonima time što je njihovu jednu trećinu odbacila na vreme.[128]

Posada amfibijskog broda USS Blue Ridge bila je primorana da potopi mnogo južnovijetnamskih Hjuija u Južno kinesko more 28. aprila 1975. ne bi li na taj način oslobodila prostor za ostale helikoptere.[129]

= Korisnici (uključujući i bivše)[130] =[uredi | uredi izvor]

Vidi još[uredi | uredi izvor]

Reference[uredi | uredi izvor]

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  7. ^ Buffalo, Andrew A. (2004). „Glossary of Terms → Huey”. The Older We Get, The Better We Were, Marine Corps Sea Stories Vol 2 (na jeziku: (jezik: engleski)). -. S&B Publishing. str. 331. ISBN 978-0-9745793-1-3. Pristupljeno 17. 10. 2010. „UH-1 Utility helicopter; it's real name is the Iroquois, but nobody uses it.” 
  8. ^ Hammel, Eric (2010). „Glossary → Huey”. The Root: The Marines in Beirut (na jeziku: (jezik: engleski)). Pacifica Military History. str. xvii. ISBN 978-1-890988-30-2. Pristupljeno 17. 10. 2010. „UH-1 Utility Helicopter” 
  9. ^ Carroll, Al (2008). „“Nothing But Indians”: Air Forces”. Medicine bags and dog tags: American Indian veterans from colonial times to the second Iraq War (na jeziku: (jezik: engleski)). U of Nebraska Press. str. 79. ISBN 978-0-8032-1085-1. Pristupljeno 30. 10. 2010. „Helicopter such as the UH-1 Iroquois (popularly nicknamed the “Huey”) bore the name of tribes admired for their warrior qualities.” 
  10. ^ Jackson, Kay (2009). „The Bell UH-1 Iroquois”. Military Helicopters In Action (na jeziku: (jezik: engleski)). The Rosen Publishing Group. str. 6. ISBN 978-1-4358-2748-6. Pristupljeno 4. 9. 2010. „The Bell UH-1 Iroquois, shown here, was popular U.S. helicopter used during the Vietnam War in the 1960s and 1970s. Its nickname is Huey.” 
  11. ^ Dethloff, Henry C. (2008). „UH-1 (Bell) Huey helicopter (or Bell model 204)”. Texas Aggies go to war: in service of their country (na jeziku: (jezik: engleski)). John A. Adams. Texas A&M University Press. str. 368. ISBN 978-1-60344-077-6. Pristupljeno 5. 9. 2010. „The helicopter was introduced as the “Iroquois” in 1955 and nicknamed the “Huey” (though several adaptations as HU-1A, HU-1B, HU-1C, UH-1E, UH-1F, UH-1L, and UH-1M(night sensors). It has been widely used by all service (and prominently in Vietnam) as utility helicopter and gunship” 
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  18. ^ Palmer, Bruce (2002). „1: 1963-1967: The JCS and Vietnam”. The 25-Year War: America's Military Role in Vietnam (na jeziku: (jezik: engleski)). University Press of Kentucky. str. 26. ISBN 978-0-8131-9036-5. Pristupljeno 30. 10. 2010. „Technology had produced the first helicopter with broad utility, versatility, and a capability for sustained operations, the turbine-engined UH-1, dubbed officially the “Iroquois” but nicknamed the “Huey”.” 
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  20. ^ Crawford, Steve (2003). „UH-1H Huey”. Twenty-first century military helicopters: today's fighting gunships (na jeziku: (jezik: engleski)). Zenith Imprint. str. 92. ISBN 978-0-7603-1504-0. Pristupljeno 7. 9. 2010. „A legend, the remarkable Bell UH-1 Iroquois (Huey) is the most famous helicopter in the world, linked forever with images of Vietnam War.” 
  21. ^ Gross, Chuck (2004). „Chapter 2: Company Checkout”. Rattler one-seven: a Vietnam helicopter pilot's war story (na jeziku: (jezik: engleski)). University of North Texas Press. str. 20. ISBN 978-1-57441-178-2. Pristupljeno 8. 9. 2010. „The Huey became synonymous with the Vietnam war and would became the greatest military helicopter of all time.” 
  22. ^ Hartzog, General William W. (2001) [1998]. „Section IV: Weapons and Equipment Development → The UH-1 helicopter”. American Military Heritage (na jeziku: (jezik: engleski)). Government Printing Office. str. 209. Pristupljeno 15. 10. 2010. „The UH-1 helicopter - called the Huey by soldiers - was the most widely used rotary wing aircraft in the Vietnam War.” 
  23. ^ Torres, Noe (2008). „6: The U.S. Recovery Team”. Mexico's Roswell: The Chihuahua UFO Crash (na jeziku: (jezik: engleski)). Ruben Uriarte. Lulu.com. str. 35. ISBN 978-0-9817597-1-5. Pristupljeno 24. 10. 2010. „The UH-1 Iroquis series ”Huey“, used extensively in Vietnam, are flown by a crew of two and can accommodate up to 13 passengers.” 
  24. ^ Nelson, Keith A. (2008). „Glossary of Terms: Aircraft → Huey”. Shadow Tracker (na jeziku: (jezik: engleski)). 30° South Publishers. str. 443. ISBN 978-1-920143-15-2. Pristupljeno 24. 10. 2010. „UH1H or Iroquois, a turbine-powered helicopter built by Bell Helicopter used extensively during the Vietnam War.” 
  25. ^ Elliot, Jeffrey M. (2007). „Helicopter Warfare”. The Arms Control, Disarmament, and Military Security Dictionary (na jeziku: (jezik: engleski)). Robert Reginald. Wildside Press LLC. str. 153. ISBN 978-1-4344-9051-3. Pristupljeno 24. 10. 2010. „The UH-1 utility helicopter Iroquois was utilized extensively during the Vietnam War...” 
  26. ^ Lewis, Stephen (2004). „Glossary of terms used → Huey”. Voyages to Vietnam: photographs by Australian naval and military veterans of the Vietnam conflict (na jeziku: (jezik: engleski)). digitalprintaustralia.com. str. 10. ISBN 978-0-9579708-1-6. Pristupljeno 30. 10. 2010. „The iconic helicopter of the Vietnam conflict.” 
  27. ^ Anderson, David L. (2002). „Vietnam War from A to Z: Aircraft”. The Columbia guide to the Vietnam War (na jeziku: (jezik: engleski)). Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-11493-6. Pristupljeno 30. 10. 2010. „Serving all of these purposes and the helicopter most associated with the Vietnam War was the Bell UH-1H Iroquois, known as the “Huey”.” 
  28. ^ O'Hara, Thomas (2005). „Flight Line, Camp Pendleton Airfield”. Camp Pendleton (na jeziku: (jezik: engleski)). . Arcadia Publishing. str. 105. ISBN 978-0-7385-2982-0. Pristupljeno 25. 10. 2010. „The Bell UH-1 Iroquois evolved from a 1955 U.S. Army requirement for a utility helicopter.” 
  29. ^ Rottman, Gordon L. (2007). „The helicopter”. Vietnam Airmobile Warfare Tactics (na jeziku: (jezik: engleski)). Adam Hook. Osprey Publishing. str. 7. ISBN 978-1-84603-136-6. Pristupljeno 4. 9. 2010. „By far the most widely used helicopter was the Bell UH-1 Iroquois series, universally known as the ”Huey“ (it had originally been designated HU-1A). It was initially planned as a medevac chopper, but was then found to be an excellent troop-lifter even though it carried only six passengers.” 
  30. ^ Hurd, William W. (2003). „Helicopters”. Aeromedical evacuation: management of acute and stabilized patients (na jeziku: (jezik: engleski)). John G. Jernigan. Springer. str. 57. ISBN 978-0-387-98604-3. Pristupljeno 17. 10. 2010. „The UH-1 Iroquois (“Huey”) is a Vietnam-era airframe that remains on active service some 30 years after its introduction (Fig 5.5). It is a single-turbine, twin blade rotor aircraft with a capacity of six litter patients.” 
  31. ^ „Chapter 1: Introduction to Critical Care Transport”. Critical Care Transport (na jeziku: (jezik: engleski)). Jones & Bartlett Learning. 2009. str. 7. ISBN 978-0-7637-1223-5. Pristupljeno 26. 10. 2010. „The majority of battlefield rescues, stabilizations, and evacuations were carried out by a much larger helicopter, the Bell UH-1 (Huey), code name Dustoff.” 
  32. ^ {{Cite book| last = Scurfield| first = authorlink = | editor = | title = Healing journeys: study abroad with Vietnam Veterans : vol. 2 of a Vietnam trilogy| origyear =| url = | format =| accessdate = 18. 11. 2010.| edition = | year = 2006| publisher = Algora Publishing| location =| language = (језик: енглески)|isbn=978-0-87586-405-1| doi = | chapter = Chapter 6. Journal Entries| chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=MPh2kB3H7x8C&dq=hUEY+HELICOPTER&pg=PA128 | quote = The “Huey” was indispensable in saving tens of thousands of American lives during the war, whether it was to insert a team into a remote area, drop off troops at various landing zones, evacuate wounded soldiers, extract soldiers from dangerous situations.| pages = 128}}
  33. ^ Foxley, Harry (2004). „The Iroquois could carry a small internal load, although it more commonly carried half a dozen passengers, and the logistics of these gave us no problems.”. Marking Time: An Account Of Ordinary Soldiering (на језику: (језик: енглески)). Trafford Publishing. стр. 142. ISBN 978-1-4120-1587-5. Приступљено 18. 11. 2010. „The Iroquois could carry a small internal load, although it more commonly carried half a dozen passengers, and the logistics of these gave us no problems.” 
  34. ^ Bishop, Chris (2006). „Origins and development”. Huey Cobra Gunships (на језику: (језик: енглески)). Jim Laurier. Osprey Publishing. стр. 4. ISBN 978-1-84176-984-4. Приступљено 4. 9. 2010. „As the US Army's involvement in Vietnam grew through the early 1960s, Bell's UH-1 Iroquois or Huey, first flown in 1956, became the workhorse of Army rotary-winged combat operations.” 
  35. ^ Watkinson, John (2004). „1.2 A short technical helicopter history”. Art of the helicopter (на језику: (језик: енглески)). Butterworth-Heinemann. стр. 7. ISBN 978-0-7506-5715-0. Приступљено 5. 9. 2010. „The Bell Huey first flew in 1956 (Figure 1.8).” 
  36. ^ Polmar, Norman (2005). „UH-1Y (IROQUOIS)”. The Naval Institute guide to the ships and aircraft of the U.S. fleet (на језику: (језик: енглески)). Naval Institute Press. стр. 456. ISBN 978-1-59114-685-8. Приступљено 5. 9. 2010. „First flight of the XH-40 occurred on 22 October 1956.” 
  37. ^ Taylor, E. Kelly (2009). „Huey”. America's Army and the Language of Grunts: Understanding the Army Lingo Legacy (на језику: (језик: енглески)). AuthorHouse. стр. 170. ISBN 978-1-4389-6250-4. Приступљено 24. 10. 2010. „Utility could easily have originated from the “last name first, first name last” methodology so popular with the Army.” 
  38. ^ Dartford, Mark (2004). „Bell UH-1 Iroquois”. Helicopters (на језику: (језик: енглески)). Lerner Publications. стр. 38. ISBN 978-0-8225-4707-5. Приступљено 29. 10. 2010. „The Bell UH-1, nicknamed "Huey" (from its original U.S. Army designation), was the workhorse of the Vietnam era.” 
  39. ^ Dave Wyatt, ур. (март 2006). „Background/History”. Bell Helicopter A Textron Company: Pocket Guide: Bell UH-1Y (PDF) (на језику: (језик: енглески)). стр. 6. Архивирано из оригинала (PDF) 29. 12. 2010. г. Приступљено 4. 9. 2010. „Over 16.000 UH-1 series helicopters have been produced.”  |first1= захтева |last1= у Authors list (помоћ)
  40. ^ Denis Balday, ур. (1999). „Vietnam and its Aftermath”. The History of Aviation (на језику: (језик: енглески)). 2-4 Heron Quays, London, E14 4JP: Chancellor Press. стр. 165. ISBN 978-0-7537-0096-9. „When the Vietnam War bagan, the American armed forces were fully reoriented to the new military strategy of helicopter mobility. They were also partially equipped with a variety of light, medium and heavy transport helicopters, all turbine-powered, to put the new tactics into effect.”  |first1= захтева |last1= у Authors list (помоћ)
  41. ^ McGowen, Stanley S. (2005). „Vietnam, The Middle East, And The Face-Off In Europe”. Helicopters: an illustrated history of their impact (на језику: (језик: енглески)). ABC-CLIO. стр. 99. ISBN 978-1-85109-468-4. Приступљено 4. 9. 2010. „In September 1962 fifteen Bell UH-1B Iroquois (“Hueys”), fitted with the XM-6E3 armament system, arrived at Tan Son Nhut, South Vietnam.” 
  42. ^ Terence, Martin (2006). „History of Aeromedical Transportation”. Aeromedical transportation: a clinical guide (на језику: (језик: енглески)). Ashgate Publishing. стр. 8. ISBN 978-0-7546-4148-3. Приступљено 4. 9. 2010. „However, the Vietnam war was the definite showcase for demonstrating the efficacy of helicopter medical transport in improving care of the injured. Under the codename ‘Operation Dustoff’, and using dedicated squadrons of Bell UH-1 Iroquois (‘Huey’) aircraft (Figure 1.3) over 400.000 patients were airlifted to hospital during the conflict.” 
  43. ^ Terry, Martin (2001). „Overview of Medical Transportation”. Handbook of Patient Transportation (на језику: (језик: енглески)). Cambridge University Press. стр. 7. ISBN 978-1-84110-071-5. Приступљено 30. 10. 2010. „During the Vietnam War, over 400,00 patients were airlifted to hospital using dedicated squadrons of Bell UH-1 Iroquois ('Huey') aircraft (Figure 1.2).” 
  44. ^ Truong, Vinh (2010). „An American First Lucrative Business: “Crony Capitalism””. Vietnam War: The New Legion, Том 2 (на језику: (језик: енглески)). Trafford Publishing. стр. 358. ISBN 978-1-4269-2744-7. Приступљено 7. 9. 2010. „While in South Vietnam, masterminded Harriman used a very smooth approach likewise more than thirty chemical defoliation corporation (Orange agent) a billion to billion C-Rations for in coming combat troop, sensor communication devices devices dropped on Ho Chi Min trail, more than 7.000 Huey Iroquois alone like military training aids and so and so on... been developing.” 
  45. ^ Billyfrank, Morrison (2005). „Two: Aviation”. Fort Campbell in Vintage Postcards (на језику: (језик: енглески)). Arcadia Publishing. стр. 27. ISBN 978-0-7385-1828-2. Приступљено 22. 9. 2010. „There were 5.000 UH-1s in Vietnam.” 
  46. ^ Matthews, Carolyn (2008). „Fascinating fact: More Fact About the Huey Helicopter”. True Stories of Rescue and Survival: Canada's Unknown Heroes (на језику: (језик: енглески)). Dundurn Press Ltd.. стр. 80. ISBN 978-1-55002-851-5. Приступљено 30. 10. 2010. „Huey are widely used military helicopter, also known as the Bell UH-1 series Iroquois... Before the end of that war, more than 5000 of these versatile aircraft were introduced into South Asia.” 
  47. ^ Lee, Tae-Woo. „History of Aeromedical Transportation”. Military Technologies of the World (на језику: (језик: енглески)). Helicopter Force. стр. 123. ISBN 978-0-275-99535-5. Приступљено 5. 9. 2010. „The human and material cost of the war was shared by those who flew Huey helicopters during the Vietnam War, with 2500 of these aircraft lost and 2202 pilots killed in action.” 
  48. ^ Hook, Sue Vander (2010). „The Huey”. Colin Powell: General & Statesman (на језику: (језик: енглески)). ABDO. стр. 11. ISBN 978-1-60453-965-3. Приступљено 15. 10. 2010. „During the Vietnam War, approximately 2,500 Hueys were shot down, resulting in the deaths of more than 2,200 U.S. pilots.” 
  49. ^ Hansen, Ole Steen (2006). „Bell UH-1 Huey Iroquois”. The AH-64 Apache helicopter (на језику: (језик: енглески)). Alex Pang. Capstone Press. стр. 6. ISBN 978-0-7368-5250-0. Приступљено 4. 9. 2010. „The UH-1 was often hit by enemy fire. More than 3.000 UH-1s were lost in Vietnam. These large losses led to the idea of an attack helicopter.” 
  50. ^ Yokley, Richard (2007). „Helicopters”. Emergency!: Behind the Scene (на језику: (језик: енглески)). Rozane Sutherland. Jones & Bartlett Learning. стр. 123. ISBN 978-0-7637-4896-8. Приступљено 4. 9. 2010. „At least three different helicopters were consistently used, and Copter 10 and Copter 14 (FAA number N8192J) are of the same design, Bell 205s. Copter 15 was a Bell 204 (FAA number N148JC). They are the civilian version of the UH-1 Iroquois (Bell ”Huey“, the helicopter used by the U.S. Army in Vietnam).” 
  51. ^ Pushies, Fred J. (2005). „Chapter 6: MH-60 Black Hawks”. Night Stalkers: 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment (Airborne) (на језику: (језик: енглески)). . Zenith Imprint. стр. 91. ISBN 978-0-7603-2141-6. Приступљено 26. 10. 2010. „The Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk has been operational in the United States Army since 1978; it was a replacement for the UH-1 models Hueys.” 
  52. ^ „Force Projection Tactical Operations Center (FP TOC)”. Weapon Systems, U. S. Army, 1996: (o.p., See 8162-9 for '99 Ed.) (на језику: (језик: енглески)). DIANE Publishing. 1996. стр. 21. ISBN 978-0-7881-2855-4. Приступљено 26. 10. 2010. „The Black Hawk has enhanced the overall mobility of the Army because of its dramatic improvements in troop capacity and cargo lift capability compared to the UH-1 “Huey” it replaces... The Army began fielding the UH-60 in 1978.” 
  53. ^ Binkin, Martin (1986). „Outlook for Technological Change”. Military technology and defense manpower (на језику: (језик: енглески)). Brookings Institution Press. стр. 27. ISBN 978-0-8157-0977-0. Приступљено 30. 10. 2010. „The Army is procuring the AH-64 (Apache), equipped with the new Hellfire air-to-surface missile system and an avionics package than will give it night and all-weather antiarmor capability, and the UH-60 (Black Hawk) assault-support helicopter, designed to deliver 50 percent more cargo and troops over greater distances and at higher airspeed than the UH-1, which it replaces.” 
  54. ^ Bishop, Chris (2003). „Origins and development”. Bell UH-1 Huey “Slicks” 1962-75 (на језику: (језик: енглески)). Mike Badrocke. Osprey Publishing. стр. 5. ISBN 978-1-84176-632-4. Приступљено 4. 9. 2010. „In the 1954, the Army launched a design competition for a new utility helicopter which would serve primarily as a medical evacuation (medevac) machine.” 
  55. ^ Cheng, Christopher C. S. (1994). „Spare Part Plorblems”. Air mobility: the development of a doctrine (на језику: (језик: енглески)). Greenwood Publishing Group. стр. 122. ISBN 978-0-275-94721-7. Приступљено 7. 9. 2010. „The problem with spare parts was twofold: cost and parts supply shortages.” 
  56. ^ Clarke, Jeffrey J. (1988). „Spare Part Plorblems”. Advice and Support: The Final Years, 1965-1973 (на језику: (језик: енглески)). Government Printing Office. стр. 166. Приступљено 7. 9. 2010. „A similar problem affected the old H-34 helicopters used by the South Vietnamese since 1961.” 
  57. ^ Pattillo, Donald M. (1998). „Light Helicopter Development”. A history in the making: 80 turbulent years in the American general aviation industry (на језику: (језик: енглески)). McGraw-Hill Professional. стр. 93. ISBN 978-0-07-049448-0. Приступљено 8. 9. 2010. „The most successful general aviation helicopter continued to be Bell 47, which underwent continuous improvement.” 
  58. ^ Pattillo, Donald M. (2001). „Helicopter and Convertiplane Advances”. Pushing the Envelope: The American Aircraft Industry (на језику: (језик: енглески)). University of Michigan Press. стр. 208. ISBN 978-0-472-08671-9. Приступљено 5. 9. 2010. „Bell, with large-scale production of Model 47G continuing for both military and civil markets, won in 1955 the important army contract for an advanced utility helicopter with its Model 204 turbine-powered design.” 
  59. ^ Hacker, Barton C. (2007). „Technology in Vietnam”. American Military Technology: The Life Story of a Technology (на језику: (језик: енглески)). Margaret Vining. JHU Press. стр. 141. ISBN 978-0-8018-8772-7. Приступљено 7. 9. 2010. „In 1955 the U.S. Army chose the Bell Model 204 as winer in its design competition for a utility helicopter.” 
  60. ^ Laming, Tim (1996). „Bell UH-1”. Fight's On: Airborne with the Aggressors (на језику: (језик: енглески)). Zenith Imprint. стр. 49. ISBN 978-0-7603-0260-6. Приступљено 9. 9. 2010. „The United States Army issued a requirement for a casualty evacuation (casevac) and utility helicopter during the early 1950s, resulting in the Bell Model 204 which flew for the first time on 22 October 1956.” 
  61. ^ Veronico, Nick (2004). „UH-1H/V Huey”. 21st Century U.S. Air Power (на језику: (језик: енглески)). Jim Dunn. Zenith Imprint. стр. 146. ISBN 978-0-7603-2014-3. Приступљено 7. 9. 2010. „Most commonly called “Huey” (Hue-é), a word play on Helicopter Utility, the first HU-1, was accepted by the army in September 1958.” 
  62. ^ Leishman, J. Gordon (2006). „1.2 Maturing Technology”. Principles of helicopter aerodynamics (на језику: (језик: енглески)). Cambridge University Press. стр. 41. ISBN 978-0-521-85860-1. Приступљено 7. 9. 2010. „The success with the Model-47 led Bell Helicopter to develop the UH-1 Huey, which was delivered starting in 1959.” 
  63. ^ а б в г д ђ е Chant, Christopher (1987). „Aircraft → UH-1A, UH-1B, UH-1E. UH-1D, UH-1H Iroquois”. A compendium of armaments and military hardware (на језику: (језик: енглески)). Routledge. стр. 365—366. ISBN 978-0-7102-0720-3. Приступљено 19. 9. 2010. 
  64. ^ Polmar, Norman (2004). „Bell HU-1 Huey/Iroquois and AH-1 Cobra”. One hundred years of world military aircraft (на језику: (језик: енглески)). Dana Bell. Naval Institute Press. стр. 265. ISBN 978-1-59114-686-5. Приступљено 7. 9. 2010. „Although officially named Iroquois by the Army, following its custom of naming helicopters for American Indian tribes, by the late 1950s the designation HU-1 had led to the indelible name “HU-ey” being adopted for all models.” 
  65. ^ Tymony, Cy (2008). „Helicopters”. The Sneaky Book for Girls (на језику: (језик: енглески)). Andrews McMeel Publishing. стр. 52. ISBN 978-0-7407-7714-1. Приступљено 5. 9. 2010. „Bell “Huey” UH-1 - Nicknamed the ”Huey“ because its original designation was HU-1.” 
  66. ^ Curtis, Howard (2009). „Introduction to Rotorcraft”. Aerospace engineering desk reference (на језику: (језик: енглески)). Michael Cook, Antonio Filippone. Butterworth-Heinemann. стр. 484. ISBN 978-1-85617-575-3. Приступљено 7. 9. 2010. „The Bell Huey was officially designated the Iroquois, but the Helicopter, Utility designation, HU-1, led to the nickname of Huey, which stuck, in Vietnam the Huey was used in enormous numbers.” 
  67. ^ Bull, Stephen (2004). „Huey, XH-40, Iroquois, etc. HELICOPTER”. Encyclopedia of military technology and innovation (на језику: (језик: енглески)). Greenwood Publishing Group. стр. 131. ISBN 978-1-57356-557-8. Приступљено 7. 9. 2010. „The name Huey sprang from the original HU designation, later changed to UH.” 
  68. ^ Whittle, Richard (2010). „Chapter two: The Salesman”. The Dream Machine: The Untold History of the Notorious V-22 Osprey (на језику: (језик: енглески)). Simon and Schuster. стр. 27—28. ISBN 978-1-4165-6295-5. Приступљено 7. 9. 2010. „Solders would dub it the “Huey”, a nickname that would stick even after the Army changed the aircraft's designation to UH-1.” 
  69. ^ Skaarup, Harold A. (2002). „Bell Model 204/XH-40/UH-1/B/F Iroquois”. Alabama Warbird Survivors 2003: A Handbook on Where to Find Them (на језику: (језик: енглески)). iUniverse. стр. 33. ISBN 978-0-595-25601-3. Приступљено 8. 9. 2010. „The initial designation was HU-1, which led to the common unofficial nickname of Huey. It was redesigned in 1962 as the UH-1 under a tri-service agreement.” 
  70. ^ Greenwood, John T. (2005). „Chapter 8: Cold War and Vietnam War, 1954-75”. Medics at war: military medicine from colonial times to the 21st century (на језику: (језик: енглески)). F. Clifton Berry. Naval Institute Press. стр. 133. ISBN 978-1-59114-344-4. Приступљено 15. 10. 2010. „In 1960, the Bell UH-1A “Hueys” began replacing the Sikorsky H-19Ds in helicopter ambulance units.” 
  71. ^ Pigott, Peter (2003). „Bell CH-135 Huey”. Taming the skies: a celebration of Canadian flight (на језику: (језик: енглески)). Dundurn Press Ltd.. стр. 188. ISBN 978-1-55002-469-2. Приступљено 8. 9. 2010. „Until Avco Lycoming developed its T53 turboshaft engine, helicopters were powered by piston engine.” 
  72. ^ Siuru, William D. (1993). „4 Propulsion: Setting The Pace For Change”. Future Flight: The Next Generation of Aircraft Technology (на језику: (језик: енглески)). McGraw-Hill Professional. стр. 60. ISBN 978-0-8306-4376-9. Приступљено 8. 9. 2010. „The turboshaft engine, a close relative of the turboprop, replaced the complex, heavy, and maintenance-intensive reciprocating engines that had powered all helicopters until the Kaman K-225 first flew in 1951. Lightweight, with less vibration and noise, this small gas-turbine engine was popularized by the famous Bell Huey Helicopters.” 
  73. ^ Bishop, Chris (2008). „Development”. Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk (на језику: (језик: енглески)). Ian Palmer. Osprey Publishing. стр. 8. ISBN 978-1-84176-852-6. Приступљено 8. 9. 2010. „The pioneering Bell UH-1 Huey had shown that turbine powered helicopters were a vast improvement on first generation rotary-winged machines, but the Huey was far from an ideal battlefield machine. Although it served with distinction in Vietnam, it proved to be vulnerable to ground fire, and in late 1960s, the Army began to evolve a requirements for a new, more battle-worthy machine that would eventually replace the UH-1.” 
  74. ^ Green, Michael (2005). „Helicopter History”. Weapons Carrier Helicopters: The UH-60 Black Hawks (на језику: (језик: енглески)). . Capstone Press. стр. 7. ISBN 978-0-7368-3780-4. Приступљено 15. 10. 2010. „The Army began to look for a replacement for the Huey in the early 1970s.”  Непознати параметар |DUPLICATE_others= игнорисан (помоћ)
  75. ^ Grange, David L. (2002). „What About Weather?”. Air-Mech-Strike: Asymmetric Maneuver Warfare for the 21st Century (на језику: (језик: енглески)). Huba Wass de Czege, Richard D. Liebert. Turner Publishing Company. стр. 123. ISBN 978-1-56311-616-2. Приступљено 10. 11. 2010. „In Vietnam the predominately UH-1 Huey fleet could not operate in winds above 30 knots very well and needed at least a 1/4 mile visibility.” 
  76. ^ Horwood, Ian (2010). „The Howze Board”. Interservice Rivalry and Airpower in the Vietnam War (на језику: (језик: енглески)). DIANE Publishing. стр. 44. ISBN 978-1-4379-2382-7. Приступљено 10. 9. 2010. „The backbone of the Army-s aviation assets in the period 1963 to 1968 would be provided by variants of the UH-1 utility helicopter. Of these, the UH-1B attack helicopter would be available in 1963, with the AH-1G Cobra attack helicopter becoming available in 1964.” 
  77. ^ Williams, James W. (2005). „Meeting the demands for aircraft - making war in peacetime”. A History of Army Aviation: From Its Beginnings to the War on Terror (на језику: (језик: енглески)). iUniverse. стр. 140. ISBN 978-0-595-36608-8. Приступљено 7. 9. 2010. „Production of the UH-1B began in March 1961 and went into 1965, with slightly more than 1000 produced for the Amry.” 
  78. ^ а б в г Rottman, Gordon L. (2008). „Experience in Battle: Army Helicopters”. US Helicopter Pilot in Vietnam (на језику: (језик: енглески)). Steve Noon. Osprey Publishing. стр. 53. ISBN 978-1-84603-229-5. Приступљено 24. 10. 2010. 
  79. ^ Frankum, Ronald Bruce (2005). „Appendix → UH-1”. Like rolling thunder: the air war in Vietnam, 1964-1975 (на језику: (језик: енглески)). Rowman & Littlefield. стр. 192. ISBN 978-0-7425-4302-7. Приступљено 9. 9. 2010. „The UH-1B/C, nicknamed Huey, was a utility helicopter with two primary weapons systems: a 7,62 minigun, capable of firing 2,400 rounds per minute; and a seven-round rocket pod mounted on each side of the helicopter.” 
  80. ^ Brown, Kevin V. (1967). „Helicopters in Vietnam”. Popular Mechanics. Бр. 2 (на језику: (језик: енглески)). Hearst Magazines: 110. ISSN ISSN [https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0032-4558 0032-4558 [[Međunarodni standardni serijski broj|ISSN]] [https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0032-4558 0032-4558]] Проверите вредност параметра |issn= (помоћ). Приступљено 10. 9. 2010. „The UH-1B is armed, ussually with machine guns and rocket pods, and in most cases works organically with ground units.”  Непознати параметар |month= игнорисан (помоћ)
  81. ^ Clarke, Bruce B.G. (2007). „Chapter 8”. Expendable warriors: the Battle of Khe Sanh and the Vietnam War (на језику: (језик: енглески)). Greenwood Publishing Group. стр. 67. ISBN 978-0-275-99480-8. Приступљено 11. 9. 2010. „Our UH1B's were armed with four flex-mounted M-60 machine guns, two per side, mounted an pilot-activated pylons... This version also mounted thirty six 2.75 rockets in two 18-pods - one per side.” 
  82. ^ Marolda, Edward J. (1996). „River Patrol”. (на језику: (језик: енглески)). DIANE Publishing. стр. 167. ISBN 978-0-7881-3250-6. Приступљено 23. 9. 2010. „The UH-1B “Hueys”, armed variously with 2.75-inch rockets; .50-caliber, 60-millimeter machine guns; grenades; and small arms, were a powerful and mobile complement to the Game Warden surface unit.” 
  83. ^ Carland, John M. (2000). „Division Deploy”. Combat Operations: Stemming the Tide, May 1965 to October 1966 (на језику: (језик: енглески)). Government Printing Office. стр. 62. ISBN 978-0-16-050197-5. Приступљено 23. 9. 2010. „It had thirtynine UH-1B helicopters, each equipped with two 24-tube 2.75-ich rocket launcher *(one on each side) and machine guns, that extended the range of the division's firepower.” 
  84. ^ Gross, Charles Joseph (2002). „The Renaissance of American Military Power”. American military aviation: the indispensable arm (на језику: (језик: енглески)). Texas A&M University Press. стр. 235. ISBN 978-1-58544-255-3. Приступљено 7. 9. 2010. „The centerpiece of the army aircraft inventory was a fast, low-flying helicopter that could kill tanks - a requirement that had not even existed on a formal basis during the war in Southeast Asia, although some UH-1B Huey gunships destroyed eight North Vietnamese tanks with rockets during the latter stages of war.” 
  85. ^ Rottman, Gordon L. (2006). „River Patrol Force”. Vietnam Riverine Craft 1962-75 (на језику: (језик: енглески)). Hugh Johnson. Osprey Publishing. стр. 39. ISBN 978-1-84176-931-8. Приступљено 23. 9. 2010. „The flotilla was supported by Detachment Golf (two or three SEAL Team 1 platoons), Helicopter Attack Squadron (Light) 3 with 25 UH-1B Huey gunships, and Light Attack Squadron 4 with 15 OV-10A Bronco observation/attack airplanes.” 
  86. ^ Sweetman, Jack (2002). „American Naval History”. American naval history: an illustrated chronology of the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps, 1775-present (на језику: (језик: енглески)). Naval Institute Press. стр. 230. ISBN 978-1-55750-867-6. Приступљено 23. 9. 2010. „A UH-1B Seawolf helicopter provides air cover for a squadron of PBRSs on the Cho Gao in the Mekong Delta.” 
  87. ^ Symonds, Craig L. (2001). „Game Warden and the Mobile Riverine Force: December 1965 - September 1968”. The Naval Institute historical atlas of the U.S. Navy (на језику: (језик: енглески)). Naval Institute Press. стр. 212. ISBN 978-1-55750-984-0. Приступљено 24. 9. 2010. „The first PBRs arrived in Vietnam in April 1966, and they began to patrol the Mekong Delta in May. By June there were eightly such boats in operation, and in August they established an effective partnership with Huey (UH-1B) helicopter borrowed form the Army and called “Seawolves” by their Navy crws.” 
  88. ^ Dorland, Peter (2006). „The UH-A Iroquois (“Huey”)”. Dust Off: Army Aeromedical Evacuation in Vietham (на језику: (језик: енглески)). James S. Nanney. Government Printing Office. стр. 68. ISBN 978-0-16-075478-4. Приступљено 5. 9. 2010. „In the early 1960s, shortly after the first U.S. Army helicopters were sen to South Vietnam, the Army began to use an improved version of the UH-1B: the UH-1D which had a longer body with a cabin that could six litter patients or nine ambulatory patients.” 
  89. ^ Berent, Mark (1991). „Chapter Seven”. Phantom leader (на језику: (језик: енглески)). Mark Berent. стр. 401. ISBN 978-0-399-13603-0. Приступљено 10. 9. 2010. „They flew the UH-1C helicopter gunships. These particular ships, called the Huey Hog, mounted a variety of weaponry ranging form two 6.62 mm M60 door guns to a chin turret firing 40 mm grenades. Pilot loved XM-5 system using the M-75 grenade launcher that chunked 240 grenades a minute out as far as 1,500 meters.” 
  90. ^ Guard, Michael D. (2008). „Chapter Two: FNGS”. In the Sanctity of the Snake Pit (на језику: (језик: енглески)). AuthorHouse. стр. 61. ISBN 978-1-4343-6792-1. Приступљено 10. 9. 2010. „C-models are smaller, older aircraft, capable of lifting a four-man crew, armament, and not much else.” 
  91. ^ Conboy, Kenneth (1989). „C3: Laotian Commando Raider, 1969”. The war in Laos, 1960-75 (на језику: (језик: енглески)). Osprey Publishing. стр. 42. ISBN 978-0-85045-938-8. Приступљено 10. 9. 2010. „A UH-1C Huey gunship flown by Thai volunteers touches down at Pakse airbase, 1972. It is armed with 2,75 in. rockets and an XM-21 7,62 mm flexgun.” 
  92. ^ Nagl, John A. (2007). „Vietnam: Meeting the Enemy and Convoy Security”. The U.S. Army/Marine Corps counterinsurgency field manual: U.S. Army field manual no. 3-24 : Marine Corps warfighting publication no. 3-33.5 (на језику: (језик: енглески)). David H. Petraeus. University of Chicago Press. стр. 263. ISBN 978-0-226-84151-9. Приступљено 16. 10. 2010. „Under dangerous weather conditions, two UH-1C “Huey” gun ships arrived first to assist the beleaguered convoy.” 
  93. ^ Wiknik, Arthur (2009). „Glossary → Huey”. Nam Sense: Surviving Vietnam With the 101st Airborne Division (на језику: (језик: енглески)). Casemate Publishers. стр. 261. ISBN 978-1-935149-09-5. Приступљено 19. 9. 2010. „Slick: Bell UH-1D utility or assault helicopter.” 
  94. ^ James, Joyce (2003). „Frequently Used Terms → Huey Slick”. Pucker factor 10: memoir of a U.S. Army helicopter pilot in Vietnam (на језику: (језик: енглески)). McFarland. стр. 3. ISBN 978-0-7864-1557-1. Приступљено 17. 9. 2010. „UH-1 helicopter used to carry troops and supplies. No weapons are attached to the sides of the aircraft, therefore the sides are “slick”.” 
  95. ^ Wincheser, James H. (1966). „Our Fabulous Choppers”. Popular Science (на језику: (језик: енглески)). Bonnier Corporation. ISSN ISSN [https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0161-7370 0161-7370 [[Međunarodni standardni serijski broj|ISSN]] [https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0161-7370 0161-7370]] Проверите вредност параметра |issn= (помоћ). Приступљено 19. 9. 2010. „A larger version used by the Army is the UH-1D, powered by the same engine but seating 12 to 15 and with a range of 315 miles.”  Непознати параметар |month= игнорисан (помоћ)
  96. ^ Heilman, William (2008). „Chapter 9: The Koreans”. A Pilot's Tale - Flying Helicopters in Vietnam (на језику: (језик: енглески)). Lulu.com. стр. 138. ISBN 978-1-4357-1185-3. Приступљено 19. 9. 2010. „The UH-1D had an L11 engine, the rule of thumb propunded by some wag was that model number was derived from the max-carrying capacity, thus L11 equals 1100 pounds maximum.” 
  97. ^ Goldstein, Donald M. (1999). „Tools of War”. The Vietnam war: the story and photographs (на језику: (језик: енглески)). Katherine V. Dillon, J. Michael Wenger. Brassey's. стр. 59. ISBN 978-1-57488-210-0. Приступљено 19. 9. 2010. „Photograph 5-58 provides a close look at the UH-1D “Huey” with an XM-21 weapons system.” 
  98. ^ „Encyclopedic Usage → UH-1 Iroquois”. Basing: Webster's Quotations, Facts and Phrases (на језику: (језик: енглески)). ICON Group International. 2008. стр. 458. ISBN 978-0-546-71634-4. Приступљено 19. 9. 2010. „UH-1 Iroquois. During the conflict the craft was upgraded, notably to a larger version based on the Model 205 initially designated the UH-1D which flew operationally from 1967.[WP]” 
  99. ^ MacGarrigle, George L. (1998). „Old Coastal Haunts”. Combat Operations Taking the Offensive October 1966 to October 1967 (на језику: (језик: енглески)). Government Printing Office. стр. 321. ISBN 978-0-16-049540-3. Приступљено 15. 10. 2010. „UH-1D Hueys pick up troops during an October search and destroy mission near Landing Zone Uplift.” 
  100. ^ Headrick, Daniel R. (2009). „Chapter 9”. Power Over Peoples: Technology, Environments, and Western Imperialism, 1400 to the Present (на језику: (језик: енглески)). Princeton University Press. стр. 342. ISBN 978-0-691-13933-3. Приступљено 16. 10. 2010. „Bell UH-1D transport helicopter disgorging soldiers in Vietnam.” 
  101. ^ Carrico, John M. (2007). „ATC(R) “Refueler””. Vietnam Ironclads (na jeziku: (jezik: engleski)). Lulu.com. str. 57. ISBN 978-0-615-13984-5. Pristupljeno 16. 10. 2010. „July 1967, an army Huey helicopter conducts landing and takeoff from an experimental platform installed on program 4ATC(R)91-1.(NHC).” 
  102. ^ Fails, William R. (1995). „Chapter Eight: Two Separate Roles For The UH-1E”. Marines & Helicopters, 1962-1973 (na jeziku: (jezik: engleski)). DIANE Publishing. str. 110. ISBN 978-0-7881-1818-0. Pristupljeno 16. 10. 2010. „Without guns, the UH-1E was an excellent observation aircraft, but it often was diverted to other missions, as here supplying a remote firebase.” 
  103. ^ a b v Stanton, Shelby L. (2003). „Vietnam”. Vietnam order of battle (na jeziku: (jezik: engleski)). Stackpole Books. str. 289. ISBN 978-0-8117-0071-9. Pristupljeno 10. 11. 2010. 
  104. ^ Green, Michael (2005). „Early Gunships”. Super Cobra Attack Helicopters: The AH-1W (na jeziku: (jezik: engleski)). Gladys Green. Capstone Press. str. 7. ISBN 978-0-7368-3779-8. Pristupljeno 21. 9. 2010. „During the Vietnam War (1954-1975), the military needed helicopter gunships to protect its transport helicopters.” 
  105. ^ Bishop, Chris (2005). „Development”. Apache AH-64 Boeing (McDonnell Douglas) 1976-2005 (na jeziku: (jezik: engleski)). Jim Laurier. Osprey Publishing. str. 5. ISBN 978-1-84176-816-8. Pristupljeno 24. 10. 2010. „After the successful debut of armed UH-1 utility helicopters in Vietnam, and before the equally successful introduction of the Cobra, the US Army initiated the Advanced Aerial Fire Support System program to develop a new combat helicopter for gunship, escort, and fire support tasks.” 
  106. ^ Bonds, Ray (2002). „Bell AH-1F HueyCobra, AH-1W SuperCobra and AH-1Z”. Illustrated Directory of Modern American Weapons (na jeziku: (jezik: engleski)). David Miller. Zenith Imprint. str. 52. ISBN 978-0-7603-1346-6. Pristupljeno 21. 9. 2010. „Bell started to study the possibilities of armed helicopters in the 1950s and the company's first product was a modified version of the AH-47 Sioux, with a streamlined nose housing a pilot and gunner in tandem, with stub wings for weapon mounts and a chin turret. It was quickly apparent that the Sioux was grossly underpowered for this mission so the company turned to an adaption of the larger an much more powerful AH-1 Huey, which appeared in 1965 as the company-funded Model 209 HueyCobra.” 
  107. ^ Bangash, M. Y. H. (2008). „2 Data on Missiles, Impactors, Aircraft and Explosions → 2.25 Helicopters → Bell AH-1 HueyCobra”. Shock, Impact and Explosion: Structural Analysis and Design (na jeziku: (jezik: engleski)). . シュプリンガー・ジャパン株式会社. str. 348. ISBN 978-3-540-77067-1. Pristupljeno 22. 9. 2010. „The inital production version of the HueyCobra was the AH-1G, delivery of which began in June 1967. Only 3 months later, HueyCobras arrived in South Vietnam as part of an organization known as Cobra-NETT, which was entrusted with introducing the type into combat.” 
  108. ^ Zahn, Randy R. (2003). „Chapter 6: Deadeye Dickhead”. Snake pilot: flying the Cobra attack helicopter in Vietnam (na jeziku: (jezik: engleski)). . Brassey's. str. 32. ISBN 978-1-57488-565-1. Pristupljeno 22. 9. 2010. „Unlike the Huey, the Cobra has a very narrow, sleek fuselage. The widest point of the fuselage is only three feet two inches. I say unlike the Huey, but in many ways they were alike; eighty percent of their components were interchangeable.” 
  109. ^ Stringer, Kevin Douglas (2006). „Fireforce brigade”. Military organizations for homeland defense and smaller-scale contingencies: a comparative approach (na jeziku: (jezik: engleski)). John Adams Wickham. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-275-99308-5. „The Hughes OH-6A Cayuse was quite effective when teamed with the AH-1G Cobra attack helicopter as part of what were known as “Pink Teams”.” 
  110. ^ Margiotta, Franklin D. (1996). „Armed Helicopters”. Brassey's encyclopedia of land forces and warfare (na jeziku: (jezik: engleski)). Brassey's. str. 84. ISBN 978-1-57488-087-8. Pristupljeno 22. 9. 2010. „In 1967 the first attack helicopter, the AH-1G Huey Cobra, was used in Vietnam, equipped with a six-bareeled 7.62 mm machine gun or 40 mm automatic grenade launcher. Up to 76 2.75-inch free-flight rockets can be carried under the body. A 20 mm bun can also be used in a special turret.” 
  111. ^ O'Hara, Thomas Q. (2007). „Cobra Use in Vietnam”. The Marines at Twentynine Palms (na jeziku: (jezik: engleski)). Arcadia Publishing. str. 75. ISBN 978-0-7385-4772-5. Pristupljeno 22. 9. 2010. „Everyone agreed the Cobra was an excellent weapons platform but earlier models were slow with a full load of weapon and fuel.” 
  112. ^ Lawrence, A. T. (2009). „Part II: 1967-1968 → II-Back to the Boonies: VIII”. Crucible Vietnam: memoir of an infantry lieutenant (na jeziku: (jezik: engleski)). McFarland. str. 158. ISBN 978-0-7864-4517-2. Pristupljeno 22. 9. 2010. „If we fortunate, we also had Bell AH-1G Cobra gunship or escorts, armed with 70 mm rockets and Miniguns or 20 mm “Gatling-style” cannon.” 
  113. ^ Pozdol, Thomas (2009). „Chapter 4: 14 May 1964: Point Squad”. Tam Ky: The Battle for Nui Yon Hill (na jeziku: (jezik: engleski)). iUniverse. str. 54. ISBN 978-1-4401-8783-4. Pristupljeno 22. 9. 2010. „The Cobra carried 7.62 mini-guns, 20 mm cannons, 40 mm grenade launchers and rockets.” 
  114. ^ Willbanks, James H. (2005). „The battle of Loc Ninh”. The battle of An Loc (na jeziku: (jezik: engleski)). Indiana University Press. str. 45. ISBN 978-0-253-34481-6. „The Bell AH-1G Huey was a two-person attack helicopter armed with various configurations of weapons system, including 7.62 mm miniguns, 40 mm grenade launcher, and rocket launchers.” 
  115. ^ McGowen, Stanley S. (2004). „Helicopter Follies”. You Ain't Gonna Believe This But... A Different Perspective Of Vietnam (na jeziku: (jezik: engleski)). Eugene Gene Swinson. Trafford Publishing. str. 74. ISBN 978-1-4120-3794-5. Pristupljeno 23. 9. 2010. „The air conditioning system in the Cobra gunship did not work too well and could not be used at all when the Cobra was heavily loaded with fuel and ammunition.” 
  116. ^ Blackmore, Tim (2005). „Rotor Hearts: The Helicopter as War's Pacemaker”. War X: human extensions in battlespace (na jeziku: (jezik: engleski)). University of Toronto Press. str. 108. ISBN 978-0-8020-8791-1. Pristupljeno 15. 10. 2010. „Gunship firepower ratchets up when, in 1968, the Huey Cobra and its two 1,500-round mini-guns, 5.000-round electrohydraulic mini-gun, 40 mm cannon and 76 rockets, floats into Vietnam (Marvicsin and Greenfield 199, Spalding 55-6)” 
  117. ^ Schubert, Frank N. (1995). „UH-1H Iroquois Utility Helicopter”. Ur.: Theresa L. Kraus. The Whirlwind War (na jeziku: (jezik: engleski)). Dept. of the Army. str. 254. ISBN 978-0-16-042954-5. Pristupljeno 22. 9. 2010. „The latest version, the UH-1H, was deployed to Southwest Asia. Primary missions include general support, air assault, cargo transport, aeromedical evacuation, search and rescue, and electronic warfare.” 
  118. ^ de Chaunac, Jacques François (2003). „Chapter VIII”. The American Cavalry in Vietnam: "First Cav" (na jeziku: (jezik: engleski)). Lyman C. Duryea. Turner Publishing Company. str. 100. ISBN 978-1-56311-890-6. Pristupljeno 22. 9. 2010. „They (UH-1As) were destined for the 82d and 101st Airborne Divisions, as well as the 57th Medical Detachment. The UH-1s of the 57th were the first to leave for Vietnam in March of 1962.” 
  119. ^ Vinh Truong, Truong (2010). „UH-1/Huey in Vietnam: VNAF Choppers, the Legacy of Valor”. Vietnam War: The New Legion, Tom 1 (na jeziku: (jezik: engleski)). Trafford Publishing. str. 332. ISBN 978-1-4269-2666-2. Pristupljeno 26. 10. 2010. „The Battle of Ap-Bac, the first Huey to operate in Vietnam were medivacs by HU-1As that arrived in April 1962, before United States become officially involved in the conflict.” 
  120. ^ Bartecchi, Carl E. (2007). „The Dust-Off Legends”. A Doctor's Vietnam Journal (na jeziku: (jezik: engleski)). Lulu.com. str. 96. ISBN 978-1-4303-0949-9. Pristupljeno 15. 10. 2010. „The first air ambulance helicopters, five “Hueys” and their crews and support groups arrived in Vietnam in 1962 near the 8th Field Hospital at Nha Trang. Shortly after their arrival, enemy activity began to increase significantly in the Mekong Delta area.” 
  121. ^ Toczek, David (2007). „The Belligerents”. The Battle of Ap Bac, Vietnam: They Did Everything But Learn from It (na jeziku: (jezik: engleski)). W. B. Rosson. Naval Institute Press. str. 44. ISBN 978-1-59114-853-1. Pristupljeno 15. 10. 2010. „In an attempt to maintain the ARVN's mobility and to protect the five H-21 companies that were now in Vietnam, the U.S. deployed in early 1962 the Utility Tactical Transport Helicopter Company (UTTHC), the U.S. Army's first gunship company, with 15 UH-1As... Throughout the fall of 1962, the gunships suppressed the PLAF of the landing zones with a fair amount of success.” 
  122. ^ Ang, Cheng Guan (2002). „The Battle of Ap Bac”. The Vietnam war from the other side: the Vietnamese communists' perspective (na jeziku: (jezik: engleski)). Routledge. str. 67. ISBN 978-0-7007-1615-9. Pristupljeno 15. 10. 2010. „As a result, the US suffered its highest ever casualty of any battle in Vietnam at that time. Of the 14 US helicopters, 11 were shot at and five crashed.” 
  123. ^ Colet, John (2002). „The escalation of the armed conflict (1959-63)”. Vietnam handbook (na jeziku: (jezik: engleski)). Joshua Eliot. Footprint Travel Guides. str. 364. ISBN 978-1-903471-31-9. Pristupljeno 30. 10. 2010. „In January 1963 at Ap Bac, not far from the town of My Tho, the Comunists scored their first significant victory in the south. Facing 2.000 well armed ARVN troops, a force of just 300-400 PLAF inflicted heavy casualties and downed five helicopters.” 
  124. ^ Campbell, Douglas (2003). „Vietnam and Air Support”. The Warthog and the close air support debate (na jeziku: (jezik: engleski)). Naval Institute Press. str. 50. ISBN 978-1-55750-232-2. Pristupljeno 15. 10. 2010. „Helicopter pilots' cocky attitude aggravated their lack of combat experience - a situation made worse as communist gunners acquired proficiency and better guns. As a result, they suffered embarrassing losses in such fight as the Battles of Ap Bac (1963) and Binh Gia (1965).” 
  125. ^ Brigham, Robert Kendall (1998). „Our Friend Around the World”. Guerrilla diplomacy: the NLF's foreign relations and the Viet Nam War (na jeziku: (jezik: engleski)). Cornell University Press. str. 27. ISBN 978-0-8014-3317-7. Pristupljeno 15. 10. 2010. „The battle carried strategic significance for the Lao Dong because its guerrillas had finally learned to shoot down American helicopters.” 
  126. ^ Starry, Donn A. (1982). „Armor in the South Vietnamese Army”. Armored Combat in Vietnam (na jeziku: (jezik: engleski)). Ayer Publishing. str. 28. ISBN 978-0-88143-005-9. Pristupljeno 1. 11. 2010. „Because of the large number of South Vietnamese troops involved, and especially because of the number of U.S. helicopters downed early on the first day, the battle of Ap Bac drew to much attention.” 
  127. ^ Cash, John A. (1985). „7: Gunship Mission by John A. Cash”. Seven Firefights in Vietnam (na jeziku: (jezik: engleski)). DIANE Publishing. str. 139. ISBN 978-1-56806-563-2. Pristupljeno 2. 11. 2010. „By mid-1966 gun helicopter platoons, each platoon consisting of eight UH-1 (Huey) helicopters armed with rockets and machine guns and each platoon organic to an assault helicopter company, were hard at work all over South Vietnam.” 
  128. ^ Rottman, Gordon L. (2005). „Opposing Forces: Free World Forces”. Khe Sanh 1967-68: Marines Battle for Vietnam's Vital Hilltop Base (na jeziku: (jezik: engleski)). H. Gerrard, Peter Dennis. Osprey Publishing. str. 47. ISBN 978-1-84176-863-2. Pristupljeno 2. 11. 2010. „Almost 350 UH-1 Huey; C-47 Chinook, OH-6 Cayuse and UH-1 attack helicopters allowed to lift one third of its infantry battalions at a time.” 
  129. ^ Isserman, Maurice (2003). „The War Ends”. Vietnam War (na jeziku: (jezik: engleski)). John S. Bowman. Infobase Publishing. str. 152. ISBN 978-0-8160-4937-0. Pristupljeno 18. 11. 2010. „Crewmen of the amphibious command ship USS Blue Ridge push a Vietnamese H-1 Iroquois helicopter into the South China Sea, April 28, 1975. During evacuation operations for refugees, Vietnamese pilots flew their helicopters to the ship in such large numbers that the copters had to be pushed into the sea to make room for more to land.” 
  130. ^ Gunston, Bill (1980). „Bell „Huey“”. Suvremeni vojni avioni i helikopteri (na jeziku: (jezik: srpski)). Zagreb: Alfa. str. 169—170. COBISS.SR-ID 49241863. 

Literatura[uredi | uredi izvor]

  • Duran, Terry L (2007). Barron's Military Flight Aptitude Tests (na jeziku: (jezik: engleski)). Barron's Educational Series. 

Spoljašnje veze[uredi | uredi izvor]

Bel UH-1 Irokvojs Hjui na Vikimedijinoj ostavi.



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