Epigrafika
Epigrafika (od grč. ἐπιγραφή, epi-graphē, napisano (grč. ἐπιγραφεω, lat. scribere) na (grč. ἐπι) trajnom materijalu [1]) je nauka koja se bavi pisanim spomenicima na tvrdim materijalima kao što su kamen, terakota, staklo, kost, metal i mozaik, za razliku od paleografije koja se bavi pisanim spomenicima na mekim materijalima (papirus, pergament, tkanina, papir).
Proučavanje drevnih rukopisa, obično napisanih tušem, zasebno je polje, paleografija.[2] Epigrafika se takođe razlikuje od ikonografije, jer se ograničava na smislene simbole koji sadrže poruke.
Opseg[uredi | uredi izvor]
Epigrafika je primarno oruđe arheologije kada se radi o pismenim kulturama.[3] Kongresna biblioteka SAD klasifikuje epigrafiku kao jednu od pomoćnih istorijskih nauka.[4] Epigrafika takođe pomaže u identifikaciji falsifikata:[5] epigrafski dokazi bili su deo diskusije o Jakovljevoj kosturnici.[6][7]
Karakter pisanja, predmet epigrafije, stvar je sasvim odvojena od prirode teksta, koji se sam po sebi proučava. Tekstovi ispisani u kamenu obično su za javni uvid i stoga se bitno razlikuju od pisanih tekstova svake kulture. Međutim, nisu svi ispisani natpisi javni, u mikenskoj Grčkoj je za dešifrovane tekstove „Linearnog B” otkriveno da se u velikoj meri koriste za ekonomsko i administrativno vođenje evidencije. Neformalni natpisi su „grafiti” u svom izvornom smislu.
Epigrafika i druge nauke[uredi | uredi izvor]
Iako je primarno povezana sa arheologijom, domen epigrafike može da se podudara sa domenom drugih istorijskih disciplina. Epigrafika koristi podatke koje joj pruža paleografija, koja istražuje pismo, čitajući natpise dolazi u dodir sa političkom, administrativnom, pravnom i religijskom istorijom. Natpisi na novcu, gemama i kamejama spadaju u domen i numizmatike i epigrafike itd. I pored sličnosti epigrafika ima svoje metode proučavanja, za razliku od arheologije koja istražuje samo nalazište i u direktnom je kontaktu sa predmetima, epigrafika tumači natpise bilo na predmetima bilo na reprodukcijama ili u literaturi.
Vidi još[uredi | uredi izvor]
Reference[uredi | uredi izvor]
- ^ R. Bloh, Latinska epigrafika, Arheološko društvo Jugoslavije, Beograd, 1971.
- ^ Brown, Julian. „What is Palaeography?” (PDF). UMassAmherst. Pristupljeno 21. 9. 2018.
- ^ Bozia, Eleni; Barmpoutis, Angelos; Wagman, Robert S. (2014). „OPEN-ACCESS EPIGRAPHY. Electronic Dissemination of 3D-digitized. Archaeological Material” (PDF). Hypotheses.org: 12. Pristupljeno 21. 9. 2018.
- ^ Drake, Miriam A. (2003). Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science. Dekker Encyclopedias Series. 3. CRC Press. ISBN 0-8247-2079-2.
- ^ Orlandi, Silvia; Caldelli, Maria Letizia; Gregori, Gian Luca (novembar 2014). Bruun, Christer; Edmondson, Jonathan, ur. „Forgeries and Fakes”. The Oxford Handbook of Roman Epigraphy. Oxford Handbooks. ISBN 9780195336467. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195336467.013.003. Pristupljeno 21. 9. 2018.
- ^ Silberman, Neil Asher; Goren, Yuval (September—October 2003). „Faking Biblical History: How wishful thinking and technology fooled some scholars—and made fools out of others”. Archaeology. sv. 56 br. 5. Archaeological Institute of America. str. 20—29. JSTOR 41658744. Pristupljeno 2011-04-27. Proverite vrednost paramet(a)ra za datum:
|date=(pomoć) - ^ Shanks, Hershel. „Related Coverage on the James Ossuary and Forgery Trial”. Biblical Archaeology Review. Arhivirano iz originala 2011-09-07. g. Pristupljeno 2012-02-27.
Literatura[uredi | uredi izvor]
- „EAGLE: Europeana Network of Ancient Greek and Latin Epigraphy” (na jeziku: engleski). EAGLE project. Pristupljeno 20. 5. 2016.
- Bodel, John (1997—2009). „U.S. Epigraphy Project”. Brown University. Arhivirano iz originala 7. 4. 2010. g. Pristupljeno 22. 11. 2009.
- Centre d'études épigraphiques et numismatiques de la faculté de Philosophie de l'Université de Beograd. „Inscriptions de la Mésie Supérieure” (na jeziku: francuski). Arhivirano iz originala 25. 7. 2009. g. Pristupljeno 22. 11. 2009.
- „Centre for the Study of Ancient Documents”. Oxford: Oxford University. 1995—2009. Pristupljeno 22. 11. 2009.
- Clauss, Manfred. „Epigraphik-Datenbank Clauss-Slaby (EDCS)” (na jeziku: nemački, italijanski, španski, engleski i francuski). Arhivirano iz originala 25. 8. 2011. g. Pristupljeno 15. 8. 2011.
- „EAGLE: Electronic Archive of Greek and Latin Epigraphy” (na jeziku: italijanski). Federazione Internazionale di Banche dati Epigrafiche presso il Centro Linceo Interdisciplinare "Beniamino Segre" - Roma. Pristupljeno 22. 11. 2009.
- „Epigraphische Datenbank Heidelberg (EDH)”. 1986—2012. Pristupljeno 23. 8. 2012.
- International Federation of Epigraphic Databases. „Epigraphic Database Roma (EDR)” (na jeziku: italijanski). Association Internationale d'Épigraphie Grecque et Latine - AIEGL. Pristupljeno 22. 11. 2009.
- International Federation of Epigraphic Databases. „Epigraphic Database Bari: Documenti epigrafici romani di committenza cristiana - Secoli III - VIII” (na jeziku: italijanski). Association Internationale d'Épigraphie Grecque et Latine - AIEGL. Arhivirano iz originala 25. 01. 2010. g. Pristupljeno 22. 11. 2009.
- „Hispania Epigraphica Online (HEpOl)” (na jeziku: španski i engleski). Pristupljeno 14. 8. 2011.
- Greek Epigraphy Project, Cornell University; Epigraphical Center; Ohio State University (2009). „Searchable Greek Inscriptions”. Packard Humanities Institute. Arhivirano iz originala 10. 12. 2009. g. Pristupljeno 22. 11. 2009.
- The Institute for Ancient History (1993—2009). „Epigraphic database for ancient Asia Minor”. Universität Hamburg. Pristupljeno 22. 11. 2009.
- Reynolds, Joyce; Roueché, Charlotte; Bodard, Gabriel (2007). Inscriptions of Aphrodisias (IAph2007). London: King's College. ISBN 978-1-897747-19-3.
- „The American Society for Greek and Latin Epigraphy (ASGLE)”. Case Western Reserve University. Arhivirano iz originala 30. 3. 2010. g. Pristupljeno 22. 11. 2009.
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- Chisholm, Hugh. Encyclopædia Britannica. A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, Literature and General Information. Cambridge, Eng: University Press, 1911. "Writing".
- Clodd, Edward. The Story of the Alphabet. Library of useful stories.
- Reinhold Merkelbach, "Überlegungen zur Fortführung der Inscriptiones Graecae", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 117 (1997), pp. 297–303 PDF
- Reinhold Merkelbach, "Nochmals Inscriptiones Graecae", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 122 (1998), pp. 293–299 PDF
(Both articles express criticism of the continuation of IG in its traditional shape) - Greer, Clayton A. (jun 1954). „Shakespeare's Use of The Famous Victories of Henry V”. Notes and Queries: 238—41. doi:10.1093/nq/199.jun.238.
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- Sanjurjo-Sánchez, Jorge (2016). An Overview of the Use of Absolute Dating Techniques in Ancient Construction Materials. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute. OCLC 1029510083.
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. - McBeth, Joyce; Panchuk, Karla; Prokopiuk, Tim; Hauber, Lyndsay; Lacey, Sean (2020-01-08), „Overview of Relative and Absolute Dating”, Introductory Physical Geology Laboratory Manual – First Canadian Edition (v.3 - Jan 2020) (na jeziku: engleski), Pristupljeno 2020-07-31
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. Tucson: The University of Arizona Press. ISBN 9780816511327.
Spoljašnje veze[uredi | uredi izvor]
- Poinikastas: Epigraphic Sources For Early Greek Writing, Oxford University
- Current Epigraphy a journal of news and short reports on inscriptions
- The Epigraphic Society Formed in 1974 by Professor Barry Fell of Harvard University and Professor Norman Totten of Bentley College, its journal, the Epigraphic Society Occasional Papers (ESOP), is shelved by numerous universities and research institutions worldwide.
- Signs of Life a Virtual Exhibition on Epigraphy, presenting several aspects of it with examples.
Edwin Whitfield Fay (1920). „Inscriptions”. Encyclopedia Americana.
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