Improvizacija (muzika)

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Improvizacija (franc. improvisation, engl. improvisation, ital. improvvisazione, nem. Improvisation)nastaje kada instrumentalista ili pevač komponuje na licu mesta bez pripreme i bez nota.

Za svirača ili pevača koji improvizuje kažemo da je improvizator (improvizatorka).

Dve vrste improvizacije

Johan Sebastijan Bah, izvođač na orguljama i čembalu i veliki muzički improvizator.

Klarinetista Beni Gudmen, vrsni džez muzičar i improvizator.

Luj Armstrong, možda jedan od najpoznatijih pevača u istoriji džez muzike i zasigurno nenadmašni improvizator.

Ela Ficdžerald, najuticajnija džez pevačica 20. veka velikih improvizatorskih mogućnosti.

Postoje dve vrste improvizacije:

1. Potpuna — to je autentično delo trenutka muzičkog izvođača.

2. Delimična — kada izvođač improvizuje na osnovu postojećeg melodijskog i harmonskog obrasca.

Istorijski aspekt improvizacije

U istoriji klasične muzike improvizacija je bila veoma cenjena. Mnogi veliki i poznati kompozitori znali su na koncertu da odsviraju-improviziraju (obično je to bilo na klaviru) celi jedan muzički oblik. To je bio njihov pravi „specijalitet” koji je publika željno očekivala. Posebno su im bile omiljene solističke kadence, koje su stvarali na licu mesta koristeći tematski materijal iz koncerta koji su izvodili.

Zastupljenost improvizacije u muzičkim žanrovima

I danas, kao i ranije, improvizacija je veoma cenjena. Zastupljena je gotovo u svim muzičkim žanrovima. Zasigurno je jedna od glavnih odlika džeza, u kome je našla najveću upotrebu.

Dosta manje se koristi u klasičnoj, zabavnoj i narodnoj muzici.

Dva zvučna primera improvizacije

Dž. Geršvin, Summertime, solo klarinet, Radivoj Lazić

Radivoj Lazić, Becino kolo, solo klarinet, Radivoj Lazić

Glavne odlike improvizacije i improvizatora

Improvizacija se smatra velikom umetnošću jer je za nju potrebna izuzetna muzikalnost i veliki smisao i stvaralačka nadarenost sa nepresušnim izvorom večito svežih ideja.

Izvođač u improvizaciju unosi vlastite ideje koje moraju biti uvek nove, jednostavne, logične, prirodne, nadahnute, bogate i najvažnije — jedinstvene i originalne.

Sem pomenutog, muzičar koji improvizuje mora dobro da zna teoriju muzike i muzičke stilove. Ovakvi umetnici su malobrojni i često su vrlo angažovani zahvaljujući upravo svom umeću.

Vidi još

• Mihailo Živanović — poznati srpski muzičar, instrumentalista i improvizator na klarinetu i bariton saksofonu.

Literatura

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Spoljašnje veze

• Robert Levin on Improvisation in Classical Music
• Losing Control: Indeterminacy and Improvisation in Music Since 1950 Arhivirano na sajtu Wayback Machine (4. jun 2011) by Sabine Feisst
• Improvisation on Improvisation: Karlheinz Essl and Jack Hauser talking about musical improvisation with computers
• How to Improvise Jazz Melodies, by Bob Keller
• A Jazz Improvisation Primer by Marc Sabatella Arhivirano na sajtu Wayback Machine (13. jul 2008) Information about jazz improvisation
• A Fickle Sonance A column about improvisation by Art Lange
• Approaches to Improvisation Tutorial on music improvisation techniques