Istočni blok

Zemlje Istočnog bloka; Jugoslavija i Albanija, koje su naknadno izašle iz bloka, označene su posebno.

Istočni blok, ređe Komunistički blok ili Sovjetski blok, naziv je koji se koristi za grupu komunističkih država koja je u drugoj polovini 20. veka postojala u današnjoj centralnoj i istočnoj Evropi. Činio ga je Sovjetski Savez i države gde su u nekoliko godina nakon završetka Drugog svetskog rata uspostavljeni socijalistički ili prosovjetski režimi — Poljska, Čehoslovačka, Mađarska, Rumunija, Bugarska te Nemačka Demokratska Republika (nastala od sovjetske okupacione zone u poraženoj Nemačkoj).

Bloku su od početka pripadale i Jugoslavija i Albanija, ali su obe izašle iz Istočnog bloka - Jugoslavija zbog raskola Tita sa Staljinom 1948. godine, a Albanija zato što se tokom kinesko-sovjetskog raskola opredelila za maoističku NR Kinu.

Blok je u formalnom smislu bio organizovan preko ekonomske organizacije Savet za uzajamnu ekonomsku pomoć (SEV), uspostavljene 1949. godine, te vojne organizacije Varšavskog pakta, uspostavljene 1955. godine.

Prestanak postojanja

Blok je de fakto prestao da postoji nakon revolucija 1989. godine, kada su u zemljama istočne Evrope uspostavljeni antisovjetski i antikomunistički režimi, odnosno neposredno pred raspad Sovjetskog Saveza 1991. godine.

Prošireno značenje

Ponekad se u Istočni blok ubrajaju i neevropske zemlje koje su tokom Hladnog rata bile u čvrstom političkom savezu, odnosno ideološki bliske Sovjetskom Savezu, kao što su Vijetnam, Kuba, Južni Jemen i Etiopija. Za njih se ponekad koristi izraz Drugi svet.

Vidi još

• Savet za uzajamnu ekonomsku pomoć
• Varšavski pakt

Literatura

• Bideleux, Robert; Jeffries, Ian (2007), A History of Eastern Europe: Crisis and Change, Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-36626-7 
• Black, Cyril E.; English, Robert D.; Helmreich, Jonathan E.; McAdams, James A. (2000), Rebirth: A Political History of Europe since World War II, Westview Press, ISBN 978-0-8133-3664-0 
• Böcker, Anita (1998), Regulation of Migration: International Experiences, Het Spinhuis, ISBN 978-90-5589-095-8 
• Cook, Bernard A. (2001), Europe Since 1945: An Encyclopedia, Taylor & Francis, ISBN 978-0-8153-4057-7 
• Crampton, R. J. (1997), Eastern Europe in the twentieth century and after, Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-16422-1 
• Dale, Gareth (2005), Popular Protest in East Germany, 1945–1989: Judgements on the Street, Routledge, ISBN 978-0714654089 
• Dowty, Alan (1989), Closed Borders: The Contemporary Assault on Freedom of Movement, Yale University Press, ISBN 978-0-300-04498-0 
• Frucht, Richard C. (2003), Encyclopedia of Eastern Europe: From the Congress of Vienna to the Fall of Communism, Taylor & Francis Group, ISBN 978-0-203-80109-3 
• Gaddis, John Lewis (2005), The Cold War: A New History, Penguin Press, ISBN 978-1-59420-062-5 
• Goertz, Gary (1995), Contexts of International Politics, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-46972-2 
• Grenville, John Ashley Soames (2005), A History of the World from the 20th to the 21st Century, Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-28954-2 
• Graubard, Stephen R. (1991), Eastern Europe, Central Europe, Europe, Westview Press, ISBN 978-0-8133-1189-0 
• Hardt, John Pearce; Kaufman, Richard F. (1995), East-Central European Economies in Transition, M.E. Sharpe, ISBN 978-1-56324-612-8 
• Harrison, Hope Millard (2003), Driving the Soviets Up the Wall: Soviet-East German Relations, 1953–1961, Princeton University Press, ISBN 978-0-691-09678-0 
• Krasnov, Vladislav (1985), Soviet Defectors: The KGB Wanted List, Hoover Press, ISBN 978-0-8179-8231-7 
• Laqueur, Walter (1994), The dream that failed: reflections on the Soviet Union, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-510282-6 
• Lipschitz, Leslie; McDonald, Donogh (1990), German unification: economic issues, International Monetary Fund, ISBN 978-1-55775-200-0 
• Loescher, Gil (2001), The UNHCR and World Politics: A Perilous Path, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-829716-1 
• Michta, Andrew A.; Mastny, Vojtech (1992), East Central Europe after the Warsaw Pact: Security Dilemmas in the 1990s, Greenwood Press, ISBN 978-92-64-02261-4 
• Miller, Roger Gene (2000), To Save a City: The Berlin Airlift, 1948–1949, Texas A&M University Press, ISBN 978-0-89096-967-0 
• Miscamble, Wilson D. (2007), From Roosevelt to Truman: Potsdam, Hiroshima, and the Cold War, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-86244-8 
• Navrátil, Jaromír (2006), The Prague Spring 1968: A National Security Archive Document Reader (National Security Archive Cold War Readers), Central European University Press, ISBN 978-963-7326-67-7 
• Nekrich, Aleksandr Moiseevich; Ulam, Adam Bruno; Freeze, Gregory L. (1997), Pariahs, Partners, Predators: German–Soviet Relations, 1922–1941, Columbia University Press, ISBN 978-0-231-10676-4 
• O'Connor, Kevin (2003), The history of the Baltic States, Greenwood Publishing Group, ISBN 978-0-313-32355-3 
• O'Neil, Patrick (1997), Post-communism and the Media in Eastern Europe, Routledge, ISBN 978-0-7146-4765-4 
• Pearson, Raymond (1998), The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Empire, Macmillan, ISBN 978-0-312-17407-1 
• Philipsen, Dirk (1993), We were the people: voices from East Germany's revolutionary autumn of 1989, Duke University Press, ISBN 978-0-8223-1294-9 
• Piotrowski, Tadeusz (2007), Poland's Holocaust: Ethnic Strife, Collaboration with Occupying Forces and Genocide in the Second Republic, 1918-1947, McFarland, ISBN 978-0-7864-2913-4 
• Pollack, Detlef; Wielgohs, Jan (2004), Dissent and Opposition in Communist Eastern Europe: Origins of Civil Society and Democratic Transition, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., ISBN 978-0-7546-3790-5 
• Roberts, Geoffrey (2006), Stalin's Wars: From World War to Cold War, 1939–1953, Yale University Press, ISBN 978-0-300-11204-7 
• Shirer, William L. (1990), The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich: A History of Nazi Germany, Simon and Schuster, ISBN 978-0-671-72868-7 
• Sillince, John (1990), Housing policies in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union, Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-02134-0 
• Smith, David James; Pabriks, Artis; Purs, Aldis; Lane, Thomas (2002), The Baltic States: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-28580-3 
• Roht-Arriaza, Naomi (1995), Impunity and human rights in international law and practice, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-508136-7 
• Teichova, Alice; Matis, Herbert (2003), Nation, State, and the Economy in History, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-79278-3 
• Tucker, Robert C. (1992), Stalin in Power: The Revolution from Above, 1928–1941, W. W. Norton & Company, ISBN 978-0-393-30869-3 
• Turner, Henry Ashby (1987), The Two Germanies Since 1945: East and West, Yale University Press, ISBN 978-0-300-03865-1 
• Turnock, David (1997), The East European economy in context: communism and transition, Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-08626-4 
• Wettig, Gerhard (2008), Stalin and the Cold War in Europe, Rowman & Littlefield, ISBN 978-0-7425-5542-6 
• Williams, Kieran (1997), The Prague Spring and its Aftermath: Czechoslovak Politics, 1968–1970, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-58803-4 
• Applebaum, Anne (2012), Iron Curtain: the Crushing of Eastern Europe, 1944-56, Allen Lane 
• Beschloss, Michael R (2003), The Conquerors: Roosevelt, Truman and the Destruction of Hitler's Germany, 1941–1945, Simon and Schuster, ISBN 978-0-7432-6085-5 
• Berthon, Simon; Potts, Joanna (2007), Warlords: An Extraordinary Re-creation of World War II Through the Eyes and Minds of Hitler, Churchill, Roosevelt, and Stalin, Da Capo Press, ISBN 978-0-306-81538-6 
• Brackman, Roman (2001), The Secret File of Joseph Stalin: A Hidden Life, Frank Cass Publishers, ISBN 978-0-7146-5050-0 
• Ericson, Edward E. (1999), Feeding the German Eagle: Soviet Economic Aid to Nazi Germany, 1933–1941, Greenwood Publishing Group, ISBN 978-0-275-96337-8 
• Gorodetsky, Gabriel (2001), Grand Delusion: Stalin and the German Invasion of Russia, Yale University Press, ISBN 978-0300084597 
• Grenville, John Ashley Soames; Wasserstein, Bernard (2001), The Major International Treaties of the Twentieth Century: A History and Guide with Texts, Taylor & Francis, ISBN 978-0-415-23798-7 
• Grogin, Robert C. (2001), Natural Enemies: The United States and the Soviet Union in the Cold War, 1917–1991, Lexington Books, ISBN 978-0-7391-0160-5 
• Lukacs, John (2006), June 1941: Hitler and Stalin, Yale University Press, ISBN 978-0-300-11437-9 
• Maddison, Angus (2006), The world economy, OECD Publishing, ISBN 978-92-64-02261-4 
• Murray, Williamson; Millett, Allan (2001), A War to be Won: Fighting the Second World War, Harvard University Press, ISBN 978-0-674-00680-5 
• Myant, Martin; Drahokoupil, Jan (2010), Transition Economies: Political Economy in Russia, Eastern Europe, and Central Asia, Wiley-Blackwell, ISBN 978-0-470-59619-7 
• Olsen, Neil (2000), Albania, Oxfam, ISBN 978-0-85598-432-8 
• Overy, R. J. (2004), The Dictators: Hitler's Germany and Stalin's Russia, W. W. Norton & Company, ISBN 978-0-393-02030-4 
• Puddington, Arch (2003), Broadcasting Freedom: The Cold War Triumph of Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty, University Press of Kentucky, ISBN 978-0-8131-9045-7 
• Roberts, Geoffrey (2002), Stalin, the Pact with Nazi Germany, and the Origins of Postwar Soviet Diplomatic Historiography, 4 (4) 
• Saxonberg, Steven (2001), The Fall: A Comparative Study of the End of Communism in Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary and Poland, Routledge, ISBN 978-90-5823-097-3 
• Stanek, Łukasz (2020), Architecture in Global Socialism: Eastern Europe, West Africa, and the Middle East in the Cold War, Princeton University Press, ISBN 978-0691168708 
• Taagepera, Rein (1993), Estonia: Return to Independence, Westview Press, ISBN 978-0-8133-1703-8 
• Watry, David M. (2014), Diplomacy at the Brink: Eisenhower, Churchill, and Eden in the Cold War, Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press 
• Wegner, Bernd (1997), From Peace to War: Germany, Soviet Russia, and the World, 1939–1941, Berghahn Books, ISBN 978-1-57181-882-9 
• Weinberg, Gerhard L. (1995), A World at Arms: A Global History of World War II, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-55879-2 

Spoljašnje veze

Preslušajte članak (info)

noicon

Pročitana Vikipedija

Ova audio datoteka je napravljena iz verzije članka „Istočni blok” datuma i ne uključuje kasnije izmene stranice. (audio pomoć)

Više pročitanih članaka

• „Photographs of Russia in 1967”. Arhivirano iz originala 31. 1. 2008. g. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)
• Candid photos of the Eastern Bloc September–December 1991, in the last months of the USSR
• Photographic project "Eastern Bloc" "Eastern Bloc" examines the specificities and differences of living in totalitarian and post totalitarian countries. The project is divided into chapters, each dedicated to one of the Eastern European countries—Slovak Republic, Poland, ex-GDR, Hungary, Czech Republic and ex-Yugoslavia.
• RFE/RL East German Subject Files Open Society Archives, Budapest
• The Lives of Others official website
• RFE Czechoslovak Unit Open Society Archives, Budapest
• Museum of occupations of Estonia – Project by the Kistler-Ritso Estonian Foundation
• Estonian International Commission for Investigation of Crimes Against HumanityArhivirano na sajtu Wayback Machine (1. mart 2013)
• Gallery of events from Poznań 1956 protests
• OSA Digital Archive Videos of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution
• RADIO FREE EUROPE Research, RAD Background Report/29: (Hungary) 20 October 1981, A CHRONOLOGY OF THE HUNGARIAN REVOLUTION, 23–4 October November 1956, compiled by RAD/Hungarian Section-Published accounts
• Chronology Of Events Leading To The 1968 Czechoslovakia Invasion
• Solidarity, Freedom and Economical Crisis in Poland, 1980–81 Arhivirano na sajtu Wayback Machine (8. mart 2011)
• „The Berlin Airlift”. American Experience. Pristupljeno 5. 3. 2007. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza) – A PBS site on the context and history of the Berlin Airlift.
• „1961 JFK speech clarifying limits of American protection during the 1961 Berlin Wall crisis”. Arhivirano iz originala 19. 2. 2006. g. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)
• „Berlin 1983: Berlin and the Wall in the early 1980s”. Arhivirano iz originala 28. 9. 2007. g. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)
• The Lives of Others official website
• The Lost Border: Photographs of the Iron Curtain
• "Symbols in Transition" Documentary film regarding the post-89 handling of the political symbols and buildings of eastern Europe