Ralf Voldo Emerson

Ralf Voldo Emerson
Ralf Voldo Emerson
Lični podaci
Datum rođenja	(1803-05-25)25. maj 1803.
Mesto rođenja	Boston, SAD
Datum smrti	27. april 1882.(1882-04-27) (78 god.)
Mesto smrti	Konkord, SAD
Obrazovanje	Univerzitet Harvard
Filozofski rad
Uticaji od	Mišel de Montenj, Emanuel Svedenborg, Georg Vilhelm Fridrih Hegel, Platon
Potpis

Ralf Voldo Emerson (engl. Ralph Waldo Emerson, pogrešno je Ralf Valdo Emerson; Boston, 25. maj 1803 — Konkord, 27. april 1882), bio je američki filozof, esejista i pesnik.

Po svojim idejama i uticaju središnja je ličnost američkog intelektualnog života u 19. veku. Njegovo predavanje pod naslovom Američki učenjak nazvano je „intelektualnom Deklaracijom nezavisnosti“. Uređivao je list The Deal. Smatrao je da je pesnikova uloga da nam pomogne uvideti ono stalno u onomu što je promenjivo i prolazno. Objavio je knjige Ugledni ljudi i Engleske značajke, te zbirke eseja Provođenje života, Društvo i osama, Priroda i Ogledi.

Emerson je većinu svojih važnih eseja prvo napisao kao predavanja, a zatim ih je preradio za štampu. Njegove prve dve zbirke eseja, Eseji: Prva serija (1841) i Eseji: Druga serija (1844), predstavljaju srž njegovog razmišljanja. Oni uključuju dobro poznate eseje „Samopouzdanje“, „Nad-duša“, „Krugovi“, „Pesnik“ i „Iskustvo“. Zajedno sa „Prirodom“, ovi eseji su napravili deceniju od sredine 1830-ih do sredine 1840-ih Emersonovim najplodnijim periodom. Emerson je pisao o brojnim temama, nikada nije zastupao fiksne filozofske postavke, već je razvijao određene ideje kao što su individualnost, sloboda, sposobnost čovečanstva da ostvari gotovo sve i odnos duše i okolnog sveta. Emersonova „priroda“ bila je više filozofska nego naturalistička: „Filozofski posmatrano, univerzum je sastavljen od prirode i duše“. Emerson je jedna od nekoliko figura koji su „zauzeli u većoj meri panteistički ili pandeistički pristup odbacujući stavove o Bogu kao odvojenom od sveta“.

Izabrani radovi

Representative Men (1850)

Kolekcije

• Essays: First Series (1841)
• Essays: Second Series (1844)
• Poems (1847)
• Nature, Addresses and Lectures (1849)
• Representative Men (1850)
• English Traits (1856)
• The Conduct of Life (1860)
• May-Day and Other Pieces (1867)
• Society and Solitude (1870)
• Natural History of the Intellect: the last lectures of Ralph Waldo Emerson (1871)
• Letters and Social Aims (1875)

Individualni eseji

• "Nature" (1836)
• "Self-Reliance" (Essays: First Series)
• "Compensation" (First Series)
• "The Over-Soul" (First Series)
• "Circles" (First Series)
• "The Poet" (Essays: Second Series)
• "Experience" (Essays: Second Series)
• "Politics" (Second Series)
• "Saadi" in the Atlantic Monthly (1864)
• "The American Scholar"
• "New England Reformers"

Poeme

• "Concord Hymn"
• "The Rhodora"
• "Brahma"
• "Uriel"

Pisma

• Letter to Martin Van Buren
• The Correspondence of Thomas Carlyle and Ralph Waldo Emerson, 1834–72

Vidi još

• Filozofija
• Savremena filozofija

Literatura

• Allen, Gay Wilson (1981). Waldo Emerson. New York: Viking Press. ISBN 0-670-74866-8. 
• Baker, Carlos (1996). Emerson Among the Eccentrics: A Group Portrait. New York: Viking Press. ISBN 0-670-86675-X. 
• Bosco, Ronald A.; Myerson, Joel (2006). Emerson Bicentennial Essays. Boston: Massachusetts Historical Society. ISBN 093490989X. 
• Bosco, Ronald A.; Myerson, Joel (2006). The Emerson Brothers: A Fraternal Biography in Letters. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195140361. 
• Bosco, Ronald A.; Myerson, Joel (2003). Emerson in His Own Time. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press. ISBN 0-87745-842-1. 
• Bosco, Ronald A.; Myerson, Joel (2010). Ralph Waldo Emerson: A Documentary Volume. Detroit: Cengage Learning. ISBN 9780787681692. 
• Buell, Lawrence (2003). Emerson. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-01139-2. 
• Emerson, Ralph Waldo (1983). Essays and Lectures. New York: Library of America. ISBN 0-940450-15-1. 
• Emerson, Ralph Waldo (1994). Collected Poems and Translations. New York: Library of America. ISBN 0-940450-28-3. 
• Emerson, Ralph Waldo (2010). Selected Journals: 1820–1842. New York: Library of America. ISBN 978-1-59853-067-4. 
• Emerson, Ralph Waldo (2010). Selected Journals: 1841–1877. New York: Library of America. ISBN 978-1-59853-068-1. 
• Gougeon, Len (2010). Virtue's Hero: Emerson, Antislavery, and Reform. Athens: University of Georgia Press. ISBN 978-0-8203-3469-1. 
• Gura, Philip F. (2007). American Transcendentalism: A History. New York: Hill and Wang. ISBN 978-0-8090-3477-2. 
• Kaplan, Justin (1979). Walt Whitman: A Life. New York: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 0-671-22542-1. 
• Koch, Daniel R. (2012). Ralph Waldo Emerson in Europe: Class, Race and Revolution in the Making of an American Thinker. London: I. B. Tauris. 
• McAleer, John (1984). Ralph Waldo Emerson: Days of Encounter. Boston: Little, Brown. ISBN 0-316-55341-7. 
• Mudge, Jean McClure (ed.) (2015). Mr. Emerson's Revolution. Cambridge, MA: Open Book.
• Myerson, Joel (2000). A Historical Guide to Ralph Waldo Emerson. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-512094-9. 
• Myerson, Joel; Petrolionus, Sandra Herbert; Walls, Laura Dassaw, ur. (2010). The Oxford Handbook of Transcendentalism. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-533103-5. 
• Packer, Barbara L. (2007). The Transcendentalists. Athens: University of Georgia Press. ISBN 978-0-8203-2958-1. 
• Paolucci, Stefano (2008). „Emerson Writes to Clough. A Lost Letter Found in Italy”. "emerson Society Papers" 19.1 (2008): 1, 4-5. Emerson Society Papers: 19.1 (2008), 1, 4–5. 
• Porte, Joel; Morris, Saundra, ur. (1999). The Cambridge Companion to Ralph Waldo Emerson. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-49946-1. 
• Richardson, Robert D. Jr. (1995). Emerson: The Mind on Fire. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-08808-5. 
• Rosenwald, Lawrence (1988). Emerson and the Art of the Diary. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-505333-8. 
• Rusk, Ralph Leslie (1957). The Life of Ralph Waldo Emerson. New York: Columbia University Press. 
• Slater, Joseph (ed.) (1964). The Correspondence of Emerson and Carlyle. New York: Columbia University Press.
• Stephen, Leslie (1902). „Emerson”. Studies of a Biographer. London: Duckworth. str. 130—67. 
• Sullivan, Wilson (1972). New England Men of Letters. New York: Macmillan. ISBN 0-02-788680-8. 
• von Frank, Albert J. (1994). An Emerson Chronology. New York: G. K. Hall. ISBN 0-8161-7266-8. 
• Von Mehren, Joan (1994). Minerva and the Muse: A Life of Margaret Fuller. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press. ISBN 1-55849-015-9. 
• Long, Roderick (2008). „Emerson, Ralph Waldo (1803–1882)”. Ur.: Hamowy, Ronald. The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; Cato Institute. str. 142—43. ISBN 978-1412965804. LCCN 2008009151. OCLC 750831024. doi:10.4135/9781412965811.n89. 
• Sacks, Kenneth S. (2003). Understanding Emerson: "The American Scholar" and His Struggle for Self-Reliance. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0691099828.
• Ralph Waldo Emerson papers, 1814–1867 (25 boxes) are housed at the Rare Book and Manuscript Library at Columbia University
• Finding aid to Ralph Waldo Emerson letters at Columbia University. Rare Book & Manuscript Library.
• Ralph Waldo Emerson additional papers, 1852–1898 (.5 linear feet) are housed at Houghton Library at Harvard University.
• Ralph Waldo Emerson lectures and sermons, c. 1831–1882 (10 linear feet) are housed at Houghton Library at Harvard University.
• Ralph Waldo Emerson letters to Charles King Newcomb, 1842 March 18 – 1, 858 July 25 (22 items) are housed at the Concord Public Library.

Spoljašnje veze

• The Collected Works of Ralph Waldo Emerson, Harvard University Press, Ronald A. Bosco, General Editor; Joel Myerson, Textual Editor
• Ralph Waldo Emerson na sajtu Projekat Gutenberg (jezik: engleski)
• Ralf Voldo Emerson na sajtu Internet Archive (jezik: engleski)
• Ralf Voldo Emerson na sajtu LibriVox (jezik: engleski)
• The Works of Ralph Waldo Emerson at RWE.org Архивирано на сајту Wayback Machine (5. септембар 2019)
• Reading Ralph Waldo Emerson, a blog featuring excerpts from Emerson's journals Архивирано на сајту Wayback Machine (28. новембар 2020)
• Representative Men from American Studies at the University of Virginia.
• Mark Twain on Ralph Waldo Emerson Shapell Manuscript Foundation
• The Enduring Significance of Emerson's Divinity School Address" – by John Haynes Holmes
• The Living Legacy of Ralph Waldo Emerson Архивирано на сајту Wayback Machine (4. март 2010) by Rev. Schulman and R. Richardson
• -{A Tribute to Ralph Waldo Emerson – a hypertext guide, in English and in Italianv
• Ralph Waldo Emerson complete Works at the University of Michigan
• Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: "Ralph Waldo Emerson" – by Russell Goodman
• Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy: "Ralph Waldo Emerson" – by Vince Brewton
• Life in the Ralph Waldo Emerson House – slideshow by The New York Times
• A bibliography of books about Emerson
• "Writings of Emerson and Thoreau" from C-SPAN's American Writers: A Journey Through History
• Ralph Waldo Emerson letters and manuscript. Available online through Lehigh University's I Remain: A Digital Archive of Letters, Manuscripts, and Ephemera.