Tomas Kranmer

Tomas Kranmer
Tomas Kranmer, nadbiskup kenterberijski
Lični podaci
Datum rođenja	(1489-07-02)2. jul 1489.
Mesto rođenja	Aslockton, Engleska
Datum smrti	21. mart 1556.(1556-03-21) (66 god.)
Mesto smrti	Oksford, Engleska
lord kancelar
Period	1533 – 1555.
Prethodnik	Vilijam Voram
Naslednik	Redžinald Poul

Tomas Kranmer (engl. Thomas Cranmer; 2. jul 1489 — 21. mart 1556) bio je engleski državnik i Nadbiskup kenterberijski. Spaljen je na lomači kao jeretik u vreme rimokatoličke reakcije kraljice Meri I. Kao glavni zastupnik verske reformacije u Engleskoj uveo liturgiju na engleskom jeziku i sastavio „Opšti molitvenik“ na engleskom.

Biografija

Bio je sin Tomasa i Agnes Kranmer, ljudi skromnog porekla. Obrazovan je na Kembridžu, gde je pokazao izuzetnu inteligenciju i zanimanje za humaniste i Erazma Roterdamskog. Nakon završetka studija počinje da radi na Kembridžu, a ubrzo postaje i sveštenik, kada njegova karijera doživljava nagle uspehe. Kao jedan od moćnih verskih poglavara katoličke Engleske, javno podržava razvod kralja Henrija Osmog i Katarine Aragonske, te postaje saveznik nove, protestantske kraljice, Ane Bolen. Kranmer ni za vreme njene vladavine, kada je unapređen u nadbiskupa kenterberijskog, nije uspeo da sprovede protestantske reforme koje je želeo, jer je Henri, kao vrhovni verski poglavar, uživao prevelike slobode. Tek za vreme kratkotrajne vladavine Henrijevog sina, Edvarda VI, uspeo je da u Crkvu unese radikalne promene. Jedna od njih je bila i potpuno nova, protestantska liturgija, koju je napisao. Sa dolaskom Marije Tjudor (Krvave Meri), okorele katolikinje, Tomas pada u nemilost, i završava u zatvoru. Tu je proveo dve godine, nakon čega je kao jeretik spaljen na lomači.

Porodično stablo

2.

1. Tomas Kranmer

3.

Vidi još

• Henri VIII Tjudor
• Ana Bolen
• Lord kancelar

Literatura

• Avis, Paul (2005). „The Revision of the Ordinal in the Church of England 1550–2005”. Ecclesiology. 1 (2): 95—110. ISSN 1744-1366. doi:10.1177/1744136605051929. 
• Ayris, Paul (1993a). „God's Vicegerent and Christ's Vicar: the Relationship between the Crown and the Archbishopric of Canterbury, 1533–53”. Ur.: Ayris, Paul; Selwyn, David. Thomas Cranmer: Churchman and Scholar. Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK: The Boydell Press. ISBN 0-85115-549-9. 
• Ayris, Paul (1993b). „Canon Law Studies”. Ur.: Ayris, Paul; Selwyn, David. Thomas Cranmer: Churchman and Scholar. Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK: The Boydell Press. ISBN 0-85115-549-9. 
• Ayris, Paul (2001). „The Correspondence of Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury, and his English Audience 1533-54”. Reformation & Renaissance Review. 3 (1): 9—33. ISSN 1462-2459. S2CID 170741842. doi:10.1558/rrr.v0i3.9. 
• Ayris, Paul (2002). „The Public Career of Thomas Cranmer”. Reformation & Renaissance Review. 4 (1): 75—125. ISSN 1462-2459. S2CID 145396417. doi:10.1558/rrr.v0i4.75. 
• Bagchi, David V. N.; Steinmetz, David Curtis, ur. (2004). The Cambridge Companion to Reformation Theology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-77662-7. 
• Bernard, G. W. (2005). The King's Reformation: Henry VIII and the Remaking of the English Church. London: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-12271-3. 
• Brown, Cornelius (1891). „Ch VIII”. A History of Nottinghamshire. E. Stock. 
• Coleman-Norton, P. R. (1929). „The Correspondence of S. John Chrysostom (With Special Reference to His Epistles to Pope S. Innocent I)”. Classical Philology. 24 (3): 279. S2CID 162281389. doi:10.1086/361140. 
• Dowling, Maria (1993). „Cranmer as Humanist Reformer”. Ur.: Ayris, Paul; Selwyn, David. Thomas Cranmer: Churchman and Scholar. Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK: The Boydell Press. ISBN 0-85115-549-9. 
• Hall, Basil (1993a). „Cranmer's Relations with Erasmianism and Lutheranism”. Ur.: Ayris, Paul; Selwyn, David. Thomas Cranmer: Churchman and Scholar. Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK: The Boydell Press. ISBN 0-85115-549-9. 
• Hall, Basil (1993b). „Cranmer, the Eucharist, and the Foreign Divines in the Reign of Edward VI”. Ur.: Ayris, Paul; Selwyn, David. Thomas Cranmer: Churchman and Scholar. Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK: The Boydell Press. ISBN 0-85115-549-9. 
• Heinze, Rudolph W. (1993). „'I pray God to grant that I may endure to the end': A New Look at the Martyrdom of Thomas Cranmer”. Ur.: Ayris, Paul; Selwyn, David. Thomas Cranmer: Churchman and Scholar. Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK: The Boydell Press. ISBN 0-85115-549-9. 
• Hirst, Rev E, (Vicar of St. Paul’s Stockport) (1934). „Archbishop Cranmer” (PDF). Churchman Journal. 48 (2): 2. Arhivirano (PDF) iz originala 7. 11. 2018. g. Pristupljeno 7. 11. 2018. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)
• Howell, Thomas Bayly, ur. (1816). A Complete Collection of State Trials and Proceedings for High Treason and Other Crimes and Misdemeanors from the Earliest Period to the Year 1783. London: T. C. Hansard. OCLC 3815652. 
• Loades, David (1993). „Thomas Cranmer and John Dudley: An Uneasy Alliance, 1549–1553”. Ur.: Ayris, Paul; Selwyn, David. Thomas Cranmer: Churchman and Scholar. Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK: The Boydell Press. ISBN 0-85115-549-9. 
• Loades, David M. (2004). Intrigue and Treason: The Tudor Court, 1547–1558. Harlow, England: Pearson Longman. ISBN 0-582-77226-5. 
• MacCulloch, Diarmaid (1996). Thomas Cranmer: A Life. London: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-06688-0. 
• MacCulloch, Diarmaid (2016). All Things Made New: The Reformation and Its Legacy. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-061682-3. 
• Marshall, Peter (2017). Heretics and Believers: A History of the English Reformation. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-17062-7. 
• Matthew, H. C. G.; Harrison, Brian Howard, ur. (2004). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford: Oxford University Press. OCLC 56568095. 
• Mills, Jon (2010). „Genocide and Ethnocide: The Suppression of the Cornish Language”. Ur.: Partridge, John. Interfaces in Language. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4438-2433-0. 
• Null, Ashley (2006). Thomas Cranmer's Doctrine of Repentance: Renewing the Power to Love. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-827021-6. 
• Overell, Anne (2008). Italian reform and English Reformations, c.1535-c.1585. Farnham, Surrey, UK: Ashgate Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7546-5579-4. 
• Perceval, Arthur Philip (1841). An Apology for the Doctrine of Apostolical Succession: With an Appendix, on the English Orders. (second izd.). London: Rivington. 
• Ridley, Jasper (1962). Thomas Cranmer. Oxford: Clarendon Press. OCLC 398369. 
• Robinson, Ian (1998). The Establishment of Modern English Prose in the Reformation and the Enlightenment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-48088-4. 
• Schofield, John (2008). The Rise & Fall of Thomas Cromwell. Stroud, England: The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7524-4604-2. 
• Selwyn, D. G. (1993). „Cranmer's Library”. Ur.: Ayris, Paul; Selwyn, David. Thomas Cranmer: Churchman and Scholar. Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK: The Boydell Press. ISBN 0-85115-549-9. 
• Spinks, Bryan D. (1993). „Treasures Old and New: A Look at Some of Thomas Cranmer's Methods of Liturgical Compilation”. Ur.: Ayris, Paul; Selwyn, David. Thomas Cranmer: Churchman and Scholar. Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK: The Boydell Press. ISBN 0-85115-549-9. 
• Stevenson, Kenneth W. (1993). „Cranmer's Marriage Vow: Its Place in the Tradition”. Ur.: Ayris, Paul; Selwyn, David. Thomas Cranmer: Churchman and Scholar. Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK: The Boydell Press. ISBN 0-85115-549-9. 
• Strype, John (1840) [1544]. „Chapter 28”. Historical and Biographical Works: Memorials of Thomas Cranmer. 
• Hughes, Philip Edgecumbe (1982). Faith and Works: Cranmer and Hooker on Justification. Wilton, Conn.: Morehouse-Barlow. ISBN 0-8192-1315-2. 
• Wilkinson, Richard (decembar 2010). „Thomas Cranmer: The Yes-Man Who Said No: Richard Wilkinson Elucidates the Paradoxical Career of One of the Key Figures of English Protestantism”. History Review. 68. Arhivirano iz originala 5. 6. 2020. g. Pristupljeno 16. 9. 2017. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)
• Williams, Leslie (2017). Emblem of Faith Untouched: A Short Life of Thomas Cranmer. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans. 

Spoljašnje veze

• Works by Tomas Kranmer at Open Library
• Tomas Kranmer na sajtu NPG (jezik: engleski)
• The execution of Archbishop Thomas Cranmer (1556) Arhivirano na sajtu Wayback Machine (10. mart 2015) at EnglishHistory.net
• Thomas Cranmer biography at the BBC
• Letter from Cranmer on Henry VIII's divorce Arhivirano na sajtu Wayback Machine (14. avgust 2014) at the Center for Medieval Studies at Fordham University
• Thirty-Nine Articles from the Anglican Communion official website
• Tomas Kranmer na sajtu MGP (jezik: engleski)
• Tomas Kranmer na sajtu LibriVox (jezik: engleski)