Triceratops

Triceratops Vremenski raspon: kasna kreda (perioda)
skelet triceratopsa
Status ugroženosti
Fosil
Naučna klasifikacija
Domen:	Eukaryota
Carstvo:	Animalia
Tip:	Chordata
Kladus:	Dinosauria
Red:	†Ornithischia
Porodica:	†Ceratopsidae
Potporodica:	†Chasmosaurinae
Pleme:	†Triceratopsini
Rod:	†Triceratops Marsh, 1889
Tipska vrsta
†Triceratops horridus Marsh, 1889
Ostale vrste
†T. prorsus Marsh, 1890
Sinonimi
Spisak Agathaumas? Cope, 1872 Polyonax? Cope, 1874 Bison alticornis Marsh, 1887 Sterrholophus Marsh, 1891 Claorhynchus? Cope, 1892 Ugrosaurus Cobabe & Fastovsky, 1987 Eotriceratops? Wu et al., 2007 Nedoceratops? Ukrainsky, 2007 Ojoceratops? Sullivan & Lucas, 2010 Tatankaceratops? Ott & Larson, 2010

Triceratops je najpoznatiji rod dinosaurusa iz grupe ceratopsida iz perioda gornje krede (pre oko 68 miliona godina). Prvi put se pojavio u Severnoj Americi. Ime je grčkog porekla i znači trorožno lice (τρί-κέρας-ὤψ).

Neki naučnici smatraju da su torosaurus, nedoceratops i tatankaceratops samo triceratops u različitim periodima života.

Izgled

Bio je div među svojim srodnicima, sa deset tona telesne mase i do 9 metara maksimalne dužine. Samo mu je glava bila dužine do 3 metra, pa je ogromnim čeljustima na njoj mogao da se hrani i najčvršćim biljem. Imao je drugu najveću glavu u poređenju sa svim drugim dinosaurusima, prvo mesto noseći Titanoceratops. Na glavi je imao tri roga po čemu je i dobio ime „Trorogi“. Dva velika roga, dužine preko jednog i po metra, su mu se nalazila iznad očiju, a manji na sredini iznad nozdrva u prednjem delu lobanje. Imao je koštane izbočine na zadnjem delu lobanje koje su mu štitile vrat. Čitav glaveni štit je bio impozantnih razmera, a činile su ga masivne kosti. Moguće je da je, zajedno sa rogovima, imao ulogu i u termoregulaciji kada je za to postojala potreba. Na nekim lobanjama pronađenih fosila mogu se uočiti značajne povrede, što ukazuje na mogućnost žestokih borbi, najverovatnije između mužjaka u doba parenja. Takođe je imao debelu krljušt koja je zadavala probleme mnogim mesojedima. Rep mu nije bio izrazito dug tako da ga najverovatnije nije koristio u samoodbrani. Ukupno je imao 985 kostiju.

Polno odabiranje

Pretpostavka je da su rogovi triceratopsa i drugih ceratopsida imali isključivo ulogu zaštite od velikih predatora. Međutim, savremenim istraživanjem i upoređivanjem sa načinima života današnjih vrsta, postoje teorije prema kojima je glaveni štit predstavljao ukras kojim su se mužjaci udvarali ženkama. Takođe je moguće i da je predstavljao statusni simbol među pripadnicima iste vrste. Naime, radi se o polnom odabiranju, koje ima za posledicu evoluciju, odnosno prekomeran razvitak pojedinih delova tela važnih za udvaranje i razmnožavanje. Na ovo ukazuju i nađeni fosili gde je veličina glavenog štita veća kod mužjaka, ali se takođe i razlikuje od jedinke do jedinke. Triceratops, je međutim, primer kako polno odabiranje može imati i negativne posledice, odnosno kada prekomeran razvitak glavenog štita više nije predstavljao prednost, već nedostatak. Triceratops je naime, morao da troši ogromne količine energije kako bi mogao da nosi toliki teret.

Nalazište fosila

U zapadnom delu Severne Amerike je pronađeno na stotine fosila. Brojnost fosila ukazuje da se ovaj ogromni biljojed kretao u krdima.

Vidi još

• Spisak dinosaura

Literatura

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Spoljašnje veze

• Wikijunior Dinosaurs/Triceratops na Vikiknjigama
• Radovi vezani za članak Triceratops na Vikizvorniku
• Подаци везани за чланак Трицератопс на Викиврстама
• Triceratops at The Dinosaur Picture Database
• LiveScience: Facts about Triceratops at LiveScience.com
• Clash of the Dinosaurs: The Defenders - The Triceratops Threat na sajtu YouTube
• Dinosaur Mailing List post on Triceratops stance Arhivirano na sajtu Wayback Machine (13. oktobar 2007)
• Smithsonian Exhibit
• Triceratops at the Internet Archive
• Triceratops in the Dino Directory
• Triceratops (short summary and good color illustration)
• Triceratops For Kids (a fact sheet about the Triceratops with activities for kids)
• Triceratops, BBC Dinosaurs
• Triceratops Arhivirano na sajtu Wayback Machine (17. oktobar 2016) - Liste de Dinosauria et Extinction