Šucštafel

Simbol SS - dve zig rune

Šucštafel (nem. Schutzstaffel — Zaštitni odred), poznat po svom akronimu SS (od nem. SS), je bila glavna paravojna organizacija pod komandom Adolfa Hitlera i Nacističke partije. Prvobitno je bila mala, stalna straža, poznata kao zal-šuc (njem. Saal-Schutz), sastavljena od dobrovoljaca Nacističke partije, a svrha joj je bila održavanje reda na mitinzima partije u Minhenu. Lider SS-a bio je Hajnrih Himler od 1929. do njenog raspuštanja 1945, sa porazom nemačke u Drugom svetskom ratu.

Nacisti su smatrali SS elitnom jedinicom, „pretorijanskom stražom“ partije sa svim članovima odabranim po rasnim i ideološkim kriterijumima. SS se razlikovao od nemačke vojske, nacističke partije, i nemačkih državnih zvaničnika sa svojim činovima, oznakama jedinica i uniformama. Pored toga, pripadnici SS-a su na podlaktici ruke imali istetoviran broj. Što manji broj tim viši rang u SS-u. Za razliku od logoraša u koncentracionim logorima broj je bio istetoviran na desnoj ruci. SS je imao ključnu ulogu tokom holokausta: SS ajnzacgrupen jedinice izmasakrirale su preko milion civila, većinom Jevreja, u masovnim egzekucijama; vođa SS-a Hajnrih Himler bio je jedan od glavnih arhitekata takozvanog konačnog rešenja; SS je hapsio Jevreje i vodio koncentracione logore u kojima ih je ubijeno na milione uz Rome i Slovene.

Borbene jedinice SS-a, nazivane Vafen-SS (nem. Waffen-SS), su se razvile u sposobne i efektivne vojnike, u mnogo slučajeva superiornije od Nemačke vojske, Vermahta.

Najpoznatiji ogranci SS-a, kasnije optuženi za ratne zločine i zločine protiv čovečnosti bili su Rajhsziherhajtshauptamt (nem. Reichssicherheitshauptamt - RSHA, Glavna bezbednosna kancelarija Rajha), Ziherhajtsdinst (nem. Sicherheitsdienst - SD, Bezbednosna služba), ajnzacgrupen (nem. Einsatzgruppen - Grupa za specijalne operacije), služba u koncentracionim logorima poznata kao SS-totenkopfferbende (nem. SS-Totenkopfverbände - SS-TV, Formacije Mrtvačke glave), i Gestapo (nem. Gestapo - Tajna državna policija).

Nakon rata sudije na Nirmberškom suđenju proglasile su SS za kriminalnu organizaciju zbog sprovođenja rasnih zakona i genocida tokom holokausta.

Istorija

Koreni

Preteča SS-u prvi je put stvorena 1923. godine kao deo Šturmabtajlunga (SA) sa zadatkom zaštite lidera nacističke partije na skupovima, govorima i ostalim javnim događajima. Pod komandom Emila Morisa, poznata kao štapska straža (nem. Stabswache), ta je grupa prvobitno imala osam članova i stvorena je po modelu mornaričke brigade Erhard, nasilnoj Frajkor grupi tog vremena.

Posle neuspelog puča nacista 1923. godine, SA i štapska straža su raspuštene, ali su se ponovo pojavile 1925. godine. Štapska straža se pojavila kao „udarne trupe Adolfa Hitlera“, sa zadatkom lične zaštite Hitlera na partijskim skupovima. Iste godine ova organizacija je postala nacionalna i dobila je ime šucštafel.

SS je takođe organizovao od 30. juna do 2. jula akciju pod nazivom Noć dugih noževa, koju je predvodio Adolf Hitler sa najodanijim SS oficirima, rajhsfirerom SS Hajnrihom Himlerom i SS obergrupenfirerom Rajnhardom Hajdrihom. Tada je pobijeno 77 glavešina SA (Šturmabtajlung), dok je načelnik štaba SA Ernst Rem uhapšen i odveden u ćeliju, gde mu je dat pištolj kako bi izvršio samoubistvo. Pošto je Ernst Rem odbio da to uradi pogubljen je od strane SS straže. Ubili su ga Mihael Lipert i Teodor Ajke, koji je kasnije dobio čin SS Obergrupenfirer. Posle Noći dugih noževa, SS dobija neograničenu vlast i počinje da kreira državu u državi. SS je držao pod svojom kontrolom najozloglašenije tajne službe: Gestapo, Ziherhajtsdinst, Kriminalpolicaj i vojnu tajnu policiju. SS je na čelu sa Hajnrihom Himlerom sprovodio razne eksperimente nad ljudima u koncentracionim logorima, čak je napravljen program Libensborn, što znači program života gde su se ukrštali isključivo oficiri i vojnici SS i mlade Nemice koje su morale imati dokazano nemačko poreklo tri kolena unazad.

Vidi još

• Anenerbe

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Spoljašnje veze

• Judgment of Nuremberg Trials on the SS
• SS at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
• Testimonies concerning SS crimes in occupied Poland in "Chronicles of Terror" testimony database