Limfotoksin beta receptor je receptor za limfotoksin koji je kod ljudi kodiran LTBR genom.[2][3][4]
Funkcija [уреди]
Protein kodiran ovim genom je član TNF familije receptora. On je izražen na površini većine ćelijskih tipova, uključujući ćelije epitelnog i mijeloidnog porekla, ali ne na T i B limfocitima. Ovaj protein specifično vezuje limfotoksin membransku formu (kompleks limfotoksina-alfa i limftoksina-beta se formira). Limftoksin-beta i njegov ligand učestvuju u razvoju i organizaciji limfoidnog tkiva. Aktivacija ovog proteina može da podstakne apoptozu.[2]
Ne samp da LTBR pomaže u podsticanju apoptoze, on može da dovede do oslobađanja citokina interleukin 8. Prekomerno LTBR izražavanje u HEK293 ćelima povećava IL-8 promotorsku aktivnost, i dovodi do IL-8 oslobađanja. LTBR je takođe esencijalan za razvoj i organizaciju sekundarnih limfoidnih organa i oslobađanje drugih hemokina.[5]
Struktura [уреди]
Ramačandranov dijagram pokazuje da je 64.6% ostataka u poželjnom regionu.[6] Ova structura je ustanovljena putem difrakcije X-zraka. Njena rezolucija je 3.50 Å. Alfa i beta uglovi su 90 stepeni, dok je gama ugao 120 stepeni.
Interakcije [уреди]
Za limfotoksin beta receptor je bilo pokazano da interaguje sa Dijablo homologom[7] i TRAF3.[8][9][10]
Literatura [уреди]
- ^ ’PDB 1RF3; Li C, Norris PS, Ni CZ, Havert ML, Chiong EM, Tran BR, Cabezas E, Reed JC, Satterthwait AC, Ware CF, Ely KR (December 2003). „Structurally distinct recognition motifs in lymphotoxin-beta receptor and CD40 for tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor (TRAF)-mediated signaling“. J. Biol. Chem. 278 (50): 50523–9. DOI:10.1074/jbc.M309381200. PMID 14517219.
- ^ а б „Entrez Gene: LTBR lymphotoxin beta receptor (TNFR superfamily, member 3)“
- ^ Baens M, Chaffanet M, Cassiman JJ, van den Berghe H, Marynen P (April 1993). „Construction and evaluation of a hncDNA library of human 12p transcribed sequences derived from a somatic cell hybrid“. Genomics 16 (1): 214–8. DOI:10.1006/geno.1993.1161. PMID 8486360.
- ^ Crowe PD, VanArsdale TL, Walter BN, Ware CF, Hession C, Ehrenfels B, Browning JL, Din WS, Goodwin RG, Smith CA (April 1994). „A lymphotoxin-beta-specific receptor“. Science (journal) 264 (5159): 707–10. DOI:10.1126/science.8171323. PMID 8171323.
- ^ Chang YH, Hsieh SL, Chen MC, Lin WW (August 2002). „Lymphotoxin beta receptor induces interleukin 8 gene expression via NF-kappaB and AP-1 activation“. Exp. Cell Res. 278 (2): 166–74. DOI:10.1006/excr.2002.5573. PMID 12169272.
- ^ „MolProbity Ramachandran analysis“
- ^ Kuai, Jun; Nickbarg Elliott, Wooters Joe, Qiu Yongchang, Wang Jack, Lin Lih-Ling (Apr. 2003). „Endogenous association of TRAF2, TRAF3, cIAP1, and Smac with lymphotoxin beta receptor reveals a novel mechanism of apoptosis“. J. Biol. Chem. (United States) 278 (16): 14363–9. DOI:10.1074/jbc.M208672200. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 12571250.
- ^ VanArsdale, T L; VanArsdale S L, Force W R, Walter B N, Mosialos G, Kieff E, Reed J C, Ware C F (Mar. 1997). „Lymphotoxin-beta receptor signaling complex: role of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 3 recruitment in cell death and activation of nuclear factor kappaB“. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (UNITED STATES) 94 (6): 2460–5. DOI:10.1073/pnas.94.6.2460. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 20110. PMID 9122217.
- ^ Wu, M Y; Wang P Y, Han S H, Hsieh S L (Apr. 1999). „The cytoplasmic domain of the lymphotoxin-beta receptor mediates cell death in HeLa cells“. J. Biol. Chem. (UNITED STATES) 274 (17): 11868–73. DOI:10.1074/jbc.274.17.11868. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 10207006.
- ^ Marsters, S A; Ayres T M, Skubatch M, Gray C L, Rothe M, Ashkenazi A (May. 1997). „Herpesvirus entry mediator, a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) family, interacts with members of the TNFR-associated factor family and activates the transcription factors NF-kappaB and AP-1“. J. Biol. Chem. (UNITED STATES) 272 (22): 14029–32. DOI:10.1074/jbc.272.22.14029. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 9162022.
Dodatna literatura [уреди]
- Elewaut D, Ware CF (2007). „The unconventional role of LT alpha beta in T cell differentiation.“. Trends Immunol. 28 (4): 169–75. DOI:10.1016/j.it.2007.02.005. PMID 17336158.
- Browning JL, Ngam-ek A, Lawton P, et al. (1993). „Lymphotoxin beta, a novel member of the TNF family that forms a heteromeric complex with lymphotoxin on the cell surface.“. Cell 72 (6): 847–56. DOI:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90574-A. PMID 7916655.
- Crowe PD, VanArsdale TL, Walter BN, et al. (1994). „A lymphotoxin-beta-specific receptor.“. Science 264 (5159): 707–10. DOI:10.1126/science.8171323. PMID 8171323.
- Baens M, Chaffanet M, Cassiman JJ, et al. (1993). „Construction and evaluation of a hncDNA library of human 12p transcribed sequences derived from a somatic cell hybrid.“. Genomics 16 (1): 214–8. DOI:10.1006/geno.1993.1161. PMID 8486360.
- Baens M, Aerssens J, van Zand K, et al. (1996). „Isolation and regional assignment of human chromosome 12p cDNAs.“. Genomics 29 (1): 44–52. DOI:10.1006/geno.1995.1213. PMID 8530100.
- Wang X, Bornslaeger EA, Haub O, et al. (1996). „A candidate gene for the amnionless gastrulation stage mouse mutation encodes a TRAF-related protein.“. Dev. Biol. 177 (1): 274–90. DOI:10.1006/dbio.1996.0162. PMID 8660894.
- Nakano H, Oshima H, Chung W, et al. (1996). „TRAF5, an activator of NF-kappaB and putative signal transducer for the lymphotoxin-beta receptor.“. J. Biol. Chem. 271 (25): 14661–4. DOI:10.1074/jbc.271.25.14661. PMID 8663299.
- Matsumoto M, Hsieh TY, Zhu N, et al. (1997). „Hepatitis C virus core protein interacts with the cytoplasmic tail of lymphotoxin-beta receptor.“. J. Virol. 71 (2): 1301–9. PMC 191185. PMID 8995654.
- VanArsdale TL, VanArsdale SL, Force WR, et al. (1997). „Lymphotoxin-beta receptor signaling complex: role of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 3 recruitment in cell death and activation of nuclear factor kappaB.“. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94 (6): 2460–5. DOI:10.1073/pnas.94.6.2460. PMC 20110. PMID 9122217.
- Wu MY, Hsu TL, Lin WW, et al. (1997). „Serine/threonine kinase activity associated with the cytoplasmic domain of the lymphotoxin-beta receptor in HepG2 cells.“. J. Biol. Chem. 272 (27): 17154–9. DOI:10.1074/jbc.272.27.17154. PMID 9202035.
- Chen CM, You LR, Hwang LH, Lee YH (1997). „Direct interaction of hepatitis C virus core protein with the cellular lymphotoxin-beta receptor modulates the signal pathway of the lymphotoxin-beta receptor.“. J. Virol. 71 (12): 9417–26. PMC 230246. PMID 9371602.
- Mizushima S, Fujita M, Ishida T, et al. (1998). „Cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding the human homolog of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 5 (TRAF5).“. Gene 207 (2): 135–40. DOI:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00616-1. PMID 9511754.
- Krajewska M, Krajewski S, Zapata JM, et al. (1998). „TRAF-4 expression in epithelial progenitor cells. Analysis in normal adult, fetal, and tumor tissues.“. Am. J. Pathol. 152 (6): 1549–61. PMC 1858434. PMID 9626059.
- Boussaud V, Soler P, Moreau J, et al. (1999). „Expression of three members of the TNF-R family of receptors (4-1BB, lymphotoxin-beta receptor, and Fas) in human lung.“. Eur. Respir. J. 12 (4): 926–31. DOI:10.1183/09031936.98.12040926. PMID 9817170.
- Murphy M, Walter BN, Pike-Nobile L, et al. (1999). „Expression of the lymphotoxin beta receptor on follicular stromal cells in human lymphoid tissues.“. Cell Death Differ. 5 (6): 497–505. DOI:10.1038/sj.cdd.4400374. PMID 10200501.
- Wu MY, Wang PY, Han SH, Hsieh SL (1999). „The cytoplasmic domain of the lymphotoxin-beta receptor mediates cell death in HeLa cells.“. J. Biol. Chem. 274 (17): 11868–73. DOI:10.1074/jbc.274.17.11868. PMID 10207006.
- Yu KY, Kwon B, Ni J, et al. (1999). „A newly identified member of tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TR6) suppresses LIGHT-mediated apoptosis.“. J. Biol. Chem. 274 (20): 13733–6. DOI:10.1074/jbc.274.20.13733. PMID 10318773.
- Rooney IA, Butrovich KD, Glass AA, et al. (2000). „The lymphotoxin-beta receptor is necessary and sufficient for LIGHT-mediated apoptosis of tumor cells.“. J. Biol. Chem. 275 (19): 14307–15. DOI:10.1074/jbc.275.19.14307. PMID 10799510.
- Langeggen H, Berge KE, Johnson E, Hetland G (2003). „Human umbilical vein endothelial cells express complement receptor 1 (CD35) and complement receptor 4 (CD11c/CD18) in vitro.“. Inflammation 26 (3): 103–10. DOI:10.1023/A:1015585530204. PMID 12083416.
- Chang YH, Hsieh SL, Chen MC, Lin WW (2002). „Lymphotoxin beta receptor induces interleukin 8 gene expression via NF-kappaB and AP-1 activation.“. Exp. Cell Res. 278 (2): 166–74. DOI:10.1006/excr.2002.5573. PMID 12169272.
Spoljašnje veze [уреди]
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Citokinski receptori |
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Hemokinski receptor
(GPCR) |
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| TNF receptor |
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| JAK-STAT |
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zajednički beta lanac: Interleukinski receptori ( 3, 5) · GM-CSF
zajednički gama lanac: Interleukinski receptori (2, 4, 7, 9, 13/A1/A2, 15, 21)
gp130 koristeći: Interleukinski receptori (6, 27) · Onkostatin M · Leukemija inhibitorni faktor
drugi Interleukinski receptori (11/A, 12/B1/B2, 23)
drugi CSF receptori (EPO, G-CSF, Trombopoietin)
Hormonski receptor: GH · prolaktin
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| Ig superfamilija |
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| S/T |
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| Drugi |
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| B trdu: peptidi (nrpl/grfl/cytl/horl), receptori (lgic, enzr, gprc, igsr, intg, nrpr/grfr/cytr), itra (adap, gbpr, mapk), calc, lipd, signalni putevi (hedp, wntp, tgfp+mapp, notp, jakp, fsap, hipp, tlrp) |
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Transmembranski: Imunoglobulinska superfamilija imunskih receptora |
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Receptori za antitela:
Fc receptor |
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| Receptori za antigene |
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Antigenski receptor
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Pomoćni molekuli
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Antigenski receptor
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Koreceptori
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Pomoćni molekuli
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| Citokinski receptor |
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| Receptori ćelija ubica slični IG |
KIR2DL1, KIR2DL2, KIR2DL3, KIR2DL4, KIR2DL5A, KIR2DL5B, KIR2DS1, KIR2DS2, KIR2DS3, KIR2DS4, KIR2DS5, KIR3DL1, KIR3DL2, KIR3DL3, KIR3DS1
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| Leukocitni receptori slični IG |
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| B trdu: peptidi (nrpl/grfl/cytl/horl), receptori (lgic, enzr, gprc, igsr, intg, nrpr/grfr/cytr), itra (adap, gbpr, mapk), calc, lipd, signalni putevi (hedp, wntp, tgfp+mapp, notp, jakp, fsap, hipp, tlrp)
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Ćelijska komunikacija: Citokini |
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| Po familiji |
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| Drugi |
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| Po funkciji |
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| B trdu: peptidi (nrpl/grfl/cytl/horl), receptori (lgic, enzr, gprc, igsr, intg, nrpr/grfr/cytr), itra (adap, gbpr, mapk), calc, lipd, signalni putevi (hedp, wntp, tgfp+mapp, notp, jakp, fsap, hipp, tlrp) |
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Proteini: klasteri diferencijacije (vidi isto spisak ljudskih klastera diferencijacije) |
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| 1-50 |
CD1 ( a-c, 1A, 1D, 1E) • CD2 • CD3 ( γ, δ, ε) • CD4 • CD5 • CD6 • CD7 • CD8 ( a) • CD9 • CD10 • CD11 ( a, b, c) • CD13 • CD14 • CD15 • CD16 ( A, B) • CD18 • CD19 • CD20 • CD21 • CD22 • CD23 • CD24 • CD25 • CD26 • CD27 • CD28 • CD29 • CD30 • CD31 • CD32 ( A, B) • CD33 • CD34 • CD35 • CD36 • CD37 • CD38 • CD39 • CD40 • CD41 • CD42 ( a, b, c, d) • CD43 • CD44 • CD45 • CD46 • CD47 • CD48 • CD49 ( a, b, c, d, e, f) • CD50
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| 51-100 |
CD51 • CD52 • CD53 • CD54 • CD55 • CD56 • CD57 • CD58 • CD59 • CD61 • CD62 ( E, L, P) • CD63 • CD64 ( A, B, C) • CD66 ( a, b, c, d, e, f) • CD68 • CD69 • CD70 • CD71 • CD72 • CD73 • CD74 • CD78 • CD79 ( a, b) • CD80 • CD81 • CD82 • CD83 • CD84 • CD85 ( a, d, e, h, j, k) • CD86 • CD87 • CD88 • CD89 • CD90 • CD91- CD92 • CD93 • CD94 • CD95 • CD96 • CD97 • CD98 • CD99 • CD100
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| 101-150 |
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| 151-200 |
CD151 • CD152 • CD153 • CD154 • CD155 • CD156 ( a, b, c) • CD157 • CD158 ( a, d, e, i, k) • CD159 ( a, c) • CD160 • CD161 • CD162 • CD163 • CD164 • CD166 • CD167 ( a, b) • CD168 • CD169 • CD170 • CD171 • CD172 ( a, b, g) • CD174 • CD177 • CD178 • CD179 ( a, b) • CD181 • CD182 • CD183 • CD184 • CD185 • CD186 • CD191 • CD192 • CD193 • CD194 • CD195 • CD196 • CD197 • CDw198 • CDw199 • CD200
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| 201-250 |
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| 251-300 |
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| 301-350 |
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