Матријархат

Мајка са дететом из Непала

Матријархат је друштвени систем у којем положаје доминације и ауторитета првенствено имају жене. У оваквом друштву мајка је била изузетно поштована, глава породице, а по њој се рачунало и сродство. Претпоставља се да су праисторијски људи обожавали женска божанства и гајили култ велике мајке. Фром сматра да је у том типу друштава било доминантно женско начело (поштовање живота, безусловна материнска љубав, праштање итд.) и да се хипотезом о матријархату могу објаснити познате бајке, митови, античке грчке драме и друге духовне творевине.

Матријархати се такође могу погрешно поистоветити са матрилинеалним, матрилокалним и матрифокалним друштвима. Постоје становишта према којима би било који непатријархални систем био матријархалан, укључујући на тај начин и родно-равноправне системе (Пеги Ривс Сандеј се залаже за редефинисање и поновно увођење речи матријархат, посебно у односу на савремена матрилинерална друштва као што је Минангкабско), али већина академика их искључује из строго дефинисаних матријархија. Други научници тврде да међу припадницима врсте Homo sapiens никада није било матријархалних друштава.

Види још

• Патријархат

Литература

• Овај чланак или његов део изворно је преузет из Речника социјалног рада Ивана Видановића уз одобрење аутора.
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• Brammall, Kathryn M. (1996). „Monstrous metamorphosis: nature, morality, and the rhetoric of monstrosity in Tudor England”. The Sixteenth Century Journal. 27 (1): 3—21. JSTOR 2544266. doi:10.2307/2544266. 
• Castro, Ginette (1990). American Feminism: a Contemporary History. Translated by Elizabeth Loverde-Bagwell. New York, NY: New York University Press. ISBN 978-0-8147-1448-5.  – translated from Radioscopie du féminisme américain (Paris, France: Presses de la Fondation Nationale des Sciences Politiques, 1984)
• Chesler, Phyllis (2005). Women and Madness. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-4039-6897-5. 
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• Davis, Elizabeth Gould (1971). The First Sex. New York, NY: G. P. Putnam's Sons. LCCN 79-150582. 
• Diner, Helen (1965). Mothers and Amazons: The First Feminine History of Culture. Edited and translated by John Philip Lundin. New York, NY: Julian Press. 
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• Mansfield, Harvey Claflin (2006). Manliness. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-10664-0. 
• The New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary (4th изд.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1993. ISBN 978-0-19-861271-1. 
• Patai, Raphael (1990). The Hebrew Goddess (3rd изд.). Detroit: Wayne State University Press. 
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• Roald, Anne Sofie (2001). Women in Islam: The Western Experience. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-24896-9. 
• Richards, Judith M. (1997). „"To promote a woman to beare rule": talking of queens in mid-Tudor England”. The Sixteenth Century Journal. 28 (1): 101—121. JSTOR 2543225. doi:10.2307/2543225. 
• Roces, Mina; Edwards, Louise P., ур. (2010). Women's Movements in Asia: Feminisms and Transnational Activism. Abingdon: Routledge. ISBN 9780415487030. 
• Rohrlich, Ruby (1977). „Women in transition: Crete and Sumer”. Ур.: Renate Bridenthal; Claudia Koontz. Becoming Visible: Women in European History. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin. стр. 36–59. ISBN 9780395244777. 
• Rohrlich, Ruby (1984). „Introduction”. Ур.: Ruby Rohrlich; Elaine Hoffman Baruch. Women in Search of Utopia: Mavericks and Mythmakers. New York, NY: Schocken Books. ISBN 978-0-8052-0762-0. 
• Ross, Becki L. (1995). The House That Jill Built: A Lesbian Nation in Formation. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-0-8020-7479-9. 
• Rountree, Kathryn (2001). „The past is a foreigners' country: goddess feminists, archaeologists, and the appropriation of prehistory”. Journal of Contemporary Religion. 16 (1): 5—27. S2CID 144309885. doi:10.1080/13537900123321. 
• Ruden, Sarah (2010). Paul Among the People: The Apostle Reinterpreted and Reimagined in his Own Time. New York, NY: Pantheon Books. ISBN 978-0-375-42501-1. 
• Schaller, George B. (1972). The Serengeti lion: A study of predator–prey relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. 
• Scalingi, Paula Louise (1978). „The Scepter or the Distaff: The Question of Female Sovereignty, 1516–1607”. The Historian. 41 (1): 59—75. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6563.1978.tb01228.x. 
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• Schlegel, Alice (1984). „Hopi gender ideology of female superiority”. Quarterly Journal of Ideology: "A Critique of the Conventional Wisdom". VIII (4). 
• Schönpflug, Karin (2008). Feminism, Economics and Utopia: Time Travelling Through Paradigms. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-41784-6. 
• Spender, Dale (1985). For the Record: The Making and Meaning of Feminist Knowledge. London: The Women's Press. ISBN 978-0-7043-2862-4. 
• Sukumar, Raman (11. 9. 2003). The Living Elephants: Evolutionary Ecology, Behaviour, and Conservation. Oxford University Press, USA. ISBN 978-0-19-510778-4. OCLC 935260783. CS1 одржавање: Формат датума (веза)
• Taylor, Keith Weller (1983). The Birth of Vietnam. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-04428-9. 
• Tsomo, Karma Lekshe (1999). „Mahāprajāpatī's legacy: the Buddhist women's movement: an introduction”. Ур.: Karma Lekshe Tsomo. Buddhist Women Across Cultures: Realizations. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-4138-1. 
• Umanit, Irit (2003). „Violence against women”. Ур.: Kalpana Misra; Melanie S. Rich. Jewish Feminism in Israel. Hanover, NH: University Press of New England. ISBN 978-1-58465-325-7. 
• Vonarburg, Elisabeth (1992). In the mother's land. Translated by Jane Brierley. New York, NY: Bantam Books. ISBN 978-0-5532-9962-5. 
• Willemsen, Tineke M. (1997). „Feminism and utopias: an introduction”. Ур.: Alkeline van Lenning; Marrie Bekker; Ine Vanwesenbeeck. Feminist Utopias: In a Postmodern Era. Tilburg University Press. стр. 1—10. ISBN 978-90-361-9747-2. 
• Wittig, Monique (1985) [1969]. Les Guérillères. Translated by David Le Vay. Boston, MA: Beacon Press. ISBN 978-0-8070-6301-9. 
• Zerilli, Linda M. G. (2005). Feminism and the Abyss of Freedom. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-98133-8. 
• Czaplicka, Marie Antoinette, Aboriginal Siberia, a Study in Social Anthropology (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1914)
• Finley, M.I., The World of Odysseus (London: Pelican Books, 1962)
• Gimbutas, Marija, The Language of the Goddess (1991)
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• Lerner, Gerda, The Creation of Feminist Consciousness: From the Middle Ages to Eighteen-Seventy (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993 (ISBN 0-19-509060-8))
• Lerner, Gerda, The Creation of Patriarchy (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986 (ISBN 0-19-505185-8))
• Raman, Sukumar, A Brief Review of the Status, Distribution and Biology of Wild Asian Elephants Elephas Maximus, in International Zoo Yearbook, vol. 40, no. 1 (2006), pp. 1–8
• Sanday, Peggy Reeves, Women at the Center: Life in a Modern Matriarchy (Cornell University Press, 2002)
• Schiavoni, Giulio, Bachofen in-attuale? (chapter), in Il matriarcato. Ricerca sulla ginecocrazia del mondo antico nei suoi aspetti religiosi e giuridici (Turin, Italy: Giulio Einaudi editore, 2016) (Johann Jakob Bachofen, editor) (ISBN 978-88-06-229375)
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Спољашње везе

• Lady Land (TV-Tropes.com) (fictional and real-life examples)
• Knight, Chris, Early Human Kinship was Matrilineal (2008)