Alkibijad
Alkibijad | |
---|---|
Lični podaci | |
Datum rođenja | 450. p. n. e. |
Mesto rođenja | Atina, |
Datum smrti | 404. p. n. e. |
Mesto smrti | Frigija, Ahemenidsko carstvo |
Alkibijad je bio atinski državnik i vojskovođa,[1] koji je svojim oportunizmom i željom za vlašću doprineo atinskom porazu u Peloponeskom ratu (431. p. n. e. do 404. p. n. e.).[2]
Biografija[uredi | uredi izvor]
Rođen je oko 450. p. n. e. u Atini, a umro je 404. p. n. e. u Melisi (Melissa), Mala Azija, današnja Anadolija u zapadnoj Turskoj. Poticao je iz velike i otmene atinske familije.[3] Sa majčine strane bio je Alkmeonide (jedna stara aristokratska familija u Atini).
Nakon smrti oca 447. p. n. e. rastao je Alkibijad u kući svoga strica Perikla[1], (koji je takođe bio državnik), gde je ponekad bio podučavan od strane Sokrata. Nakon smrti Kleona probio se u sam vrh radikalnih demokrata i vodio politiku koja je imala za cilj da izoluje Spartu.
Njegov politički protivnik bio je Nikija, koji je nakon smrti Periklea preuzeo vođstvo desničarskih demokrata i koji se u Peloponeskom ratu trudio da uspostavi mir između Atine i Sparte sklapanjem ugovora, po njemu nazvanim „Nikijski mir“. Alkibijadu je uspelo da nagovori Atinjane ipak da odustanu od tog ugovora.[4]
Godine 415. p. n. e. kreće Alkibijad u takozvanu „Sicilijansku ekspediciju" protiv Sirakuze, koja se završila porazom atinske vojske, što dovodi do preokreta u Peloponeskom ratu, u korist Sparte.[5] Nakon jednog zločina nad kipom boga Hermesa, koji se verovatno lažno pripisuje Alkibijadu, morao je da pobegne za Spartu.
Spartancima izdaje ratni plan Atinjana i potpomaže u stvaranju saveza između Sparte i Sirakuze, koji su tako udruženi pobedili Atinu.
U Atini je za tu izdaju osuđen u bekstvu na smrtnu kaznu, a sva njegova imovina je zaplenjena. Ponovo se pomirio sa Atinom i više puta je postavljan na vrh atinske vojske. Već 411. p. n. e. pobeđuje Spartanace kod Abidosa.
Nakon toga, 407. p. n. e. vraća se nazad za Atinu, gde je dočekan sa velikim oduševljenjem i oslobođen svih optužbi, pa je čak i ponovo proglašen za vođu atinske vojske.
Sledeće godine, 406. p. n. e., nakon jednog poraza vojske protiv Persije u njegovom odsustvu, a pod vođstvom njegovog zamenika, ponovo je proteran i povlači se na svoje imanje u Trakiji. Kasnije beži od Spartanaca za Persiju, da bi 404. p. n. e. po nalogu Sparte bio i ubijen.
Reference[uredi | uredi izvor]
Literatura[uredi | uredi izvor]
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- Aristotle. Athenian Constitution. Prevod: Frederic George Kenyon — preko Vikizvornika.
- Aristotle, History of Animals (translated in English by Wentworth Thompson)
- Aristotle. Posterior Analytics. Prevod: Edmund Spenser Bouchier — preko Vikizvornika.
- Cornelius Nepos: Life of Alcibiades, translated by J.C. Rolfe
- Demosthenes, Against Meidias. See original text in Perseus program
- Diodorus Siculus, Library, 13th Book. See original text in Perseus program.
- Isocrates, Busiris. See original text in Perseus program
- Isocrates, Concerning the Team of Horses. See original text in Perseus program
- Lysias (1898). „Alcibiades”. The Orations of Lysias. David McKay — preko Vikizvornika.
- Lysias, Against Alcibiades 2. See original text in Perseus program
- Plato, Alcibiades. See original text in Perseus program. Translated in English by Sanderson Beck.
- Plato (1871). Apology. Prevod: Benjamin Jowett — preko Vikizvornika.
- Plato (1871). Symposium. Prevod: Benjamin Jowett — preko Vikizvornika.
- Plutarch (1683) [written in the late 1st century]. „Agesilaus”. Lives. Prevod: John Dryden — preko Vikizvornika.
- Translated in English by John Dryden
- Plutarch (1683) [written in the late 1st century]. „Alcibiades”. Lives. Prevod: John Dryden — preko Vikizvornika.
- Translated in English by Arthur H. Clough. . New York: Collier Press. 1909., Aubrey Stewart-George Long and John Dryden.
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- Translated into English by Aubrey Stewart-George Long and John Dryden.
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Spoljašnje veze[uredi | uredi izvor]
Bibliotečki resursi o Alcibiades |
- Biografski tekstovi
- „Alcibiades was an Athenian general in the Peloponnesian War”. Bingley. Arhivirano iz originala 12. 02. 2006. g. Pristupljeno 03. 07. 2021.
- „Alcibiades”. Endres, Nikolai. Arhivirano iz originala 5. 9. 2006. g. Pristupljeno 22. 9. 2006.
- „Alcibiades: Aristocratic Ideal or Antisocial Personality Disorder”. Evans, Kathleen. Arhivirano iz originala 28. 8. 2006. g. Pristupljeno 5. 8. 2006.
- „Alcibiades”. Meiggs, Russell. Pristupljeno 5. 8. 2006.
- „Alcibiades”. Prins, Marco-Lendering, Jona. Arhivirano iz originala 31. 8. 2006. g. Pristupljeno 5. 8. 2006.
- „Alcibiades”. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001–05. Arhivirano iz originala 2008-02-22. g. Pristupljeno 5. 8. 2006.
- Tekstovi i analize
- „Good Man, Bad Man, Traitor: Aspects of Alcibiades”. Arcan, Gabriela. Arhivirano iz originala 11. 9. 2006. g. Pristupljeno 5. 8. 2006.
- „Thucydides and Civil War: the Case of Alcibiades”. Faulkner, Robert. Arhivirano iz originala 5. 7. 2007. g. Pristupljeno 5. 8. 2006.
- „Survie d'un lion: Alcibiade”. Loicq-Berger, Marie-Paule. Arhivirano iz originala 27. 8. 2006. g. Pristupljeno 22. 9. 2006.
- „Alcibiades and the Sicilian Expedition”. Rubio, Alexander G. Arhivirano iz originala 2007-09-27. g. Pristupljeno 5. 8. 2006.
- „Plato, Thucydides, and Alcibiades”. Syse, Henrik. Arhivirano iz originala 5. 7. 2007. g. Pristupljeno 5. 8. 2006.
- „Alcibiades, Athens, and the Human Condition in Thucydides' History”. Warren, Brian. Arhivirano iz originala 19. 8. 2006. g. Pristupljeno 5. 8. 2006.