Ahajci (Homer)

Ahajci (stgrč. Ἀχαιοί) predstavljaju jedan od zajedničkih naziva za Grke koje Homer koristi u Ilijadi (598 puta) i u Odiseji. Drugi zajednički nazivi su Danajci (stgrč. Δαναοί, 138 puta u Ilijadi) i Argivci (stgrč. Ἀργεῖοι, 182 puta u Ilijadi), dok se po jednom javljaju nazivi Panheleni (stgrč. Πανέλληνες) i Heleni (stgrč. Ἕλληνες).^[1] Sve ove nazive Homer koristi da bi označio zajednički grčki identitet.^[2]^[3] U istorijskom periodu, Ahajci su bili stanovnici Ahaje, oblasti na sjevernom dijelu Peleponeza. Gradovi-države ove oblasti su kasnije formirali konfederaciju poznatu kao Ahajski savez, koja je bila veoma uticajna tokom 3. i 2. vijeka prije n. e.

Homerovi i kasniji Ahajci[uredi | uredi izvor]

Homerovi „dugokosi Ahajci“ su bili dio mikenske civilizacije koja je dominirala Grčkom od oko 1600. p. n. e. do 1100. p. n. e. Međutim, u arhajskom i klasičnom periodu pojam „Ahajci“ se odnosio na stanovnike mnogo manje oblasti koja se zvala Ahaja. Herodot je Ahajce sa sjevernog Peleponeza smatrao potomcima nekadašnjih Homerovih Ahajaca. Prema Pausaniji, koji je pisao u 2. vijeku, pojam „Ahajci“ je pridodat onim Grcima koji su naseljavali Argolidu i Lakoniju. Međutim, nije jasno na koji je način Homer koristio taj pojam.^[4]

Pausanija i Horodot prenose legendu da su Ahajce iz njihove prvobitne domovine protjerali Dorci tokom legendarne dorske najezde na Peleponez. Ahajci su se tada preselili u oblast koja je kasnije po njima nazvana Ahaja.

U nauci još uvijek nema konsenzusa o tome da li su istorijski Ahajci srodni Homerovim Ahajcima i to je još uvijek predmet rasprave.

Reference[uredi | uredi izvor]

^ "Hellene" entry in Collins English Dictionary, HarperCollins Publishers, 1998.
^ Cartledge 2011, Chapter 4: Argos, p. 23: "The Late Bronze Age in Greece is also called conventionally 'Mycenaean', as we saw in the last chapter. But it might in principle have been called 'Argive', 'Achaean', or 'Danaan', since the three names that Homer does apply to Greeks collectively were 'Argives', 'Achaeans', and 'Danaans'."
^ Nagy 2014, Texts and Commentaries – Introduction #2: "Panhellenism is the least common denominator of ancient Greek civilization...The impulse of Panhellenism is already at work in Homeric and Hesiodic poetry. In the Iliad, the names "Achaeans" and "Danaans" and "Argives" are used synonymously in the sense of Panhellenes = "all Hellenes" = "all Greeks.""
^ Pausanias. Description of Greece, VII.1.

Literatura[uredi | uredi izvor]

Beekes, Roberts Stephen Paul (2010). Etymological Dictionary of Greek: The Pre-Greek Loanwords in Greek. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 9789004174184.
Beloch, Karl Julius (1893). Griechische Geschichte (Volume I). Strassburg and Berlin.
Bryce, Trevor (1999). The Kingdom of the Hittites. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-924010-4.
Cartledge, Paul (2011). Ancient Greece: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-960134-9.
Finkelberg, Margalit (1988). „From Ahhiyawa to Ἀχαιοί”. Glotta. 66: 127—134.
Güterbock, Hans G. (april 1983). „The Hittites and the Aegean World: Part 1. The Ahhiyawa Problem Reconsidered”. American Journal of Archaeology. Archaeological Institute of America. 87 (2): 133—138. JSTOR 504928. doi:10.2307/504928. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)
Güterbock, Hans G. (jun 1984). „Hittites and Akhaeans: A New Look”. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. American Philosophical Society. 128 (2): 114—122. JSTOR 986225. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)
Huxley, George Leonard (1960). Achaeans and Hittites. Oxford: Vincent Baxter Press.
Kelder, Jorrit M. (2010). „The Egyptian Interest in Mycenaean Greece”. Jaarbericht "Ex Oriente Lux" (JEOL). 42: 125—140.
Mellink, Machteld J. (april 1983). „The Hittites and the Aegean World: Part 2. Archaeological Comments on Ahhiyawa-Achaians in Western Anatolia”. American Journal of Archaeology. Archaeological Institute of America. 87 (2): 138—141. JSTOR 504929. doi:10.2307/504929. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)
Meyer, Eduard (1884—1902). Geschichte des Altertums (Volume 1–5). Stuttgart-Berlin.
Nagy, Gregory (2014). „The Heroic and the Anti-Heroic in Classical Greek Civilization”. Cambridge, MA: President and Fellows of Harvard College. Arhivirano iz originala 2016-05-20. g. Pristupljeno 2014-02-07.
Prentice, William K. (April—June 1929). „The Achaeans”. American Journal of Archaeology. Archaeological Institute of America. 33 (2): 206—218. JSTOR 497808. doi:10.2307/497808. Proverite vrednost paramet(a)ra za datum: |date= (pomoć)
Scott, John A. (mart 1925). „The Complexion of the Achaeans”. The Classical Journal. The Classical Association of the Middle West and South. 20 (6): 366—367. JSTOR 3288466. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)
Windle, Joachim Latacz (2004). Troy and Homer: Towards a Solution of an Old Mystery. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-926308-0.

[1] "Hellene" entry in Collins English Dictionary, HarperCollins Publishers, 1998.

[2] Cartledge 2011, Chapter 4: Argos, p. 23: "The Late Bronze Age in Greece is also called conventionally 'Mycenaean', as we saw in the last chapter. But it might in principle have been called 'Argive', 'Achaean', or 'Danaan', since the three names that Homer does apply to Greeks collectively were 'Argives', 'Achaeans', and 'Danaans'."

[3] Nagy 2014, Texts and Commentaries – Introduction #2: "Panhellenism is the least common denominator of ancient Greek civilization...The impulse of Panhellenism is already at work in Homeric and Hesiodic poetry. In the Iliad, the names "Achaeans" and "Danaans" and "Argives" are used synonymously in the sense of Panhellenes = "all Hellenes" = "all Greeks.""

[4] Pausanias. Description of Greece, VII.1.

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