Bakminster Fuler

Bakminster Fuler
Bakminster Fuler
Datum rođenja	(1895-07-12)12. jul 1895.
Mesto rođenja	Masačusets, SAD
Datum smrti	1. jul 1983.(1983-07-01) (87 god.)
Mesto smrti	Los Anđeles, SAD
Obrazovanje	Univerzitet Harvard, Bates College
Zanimanje	Dizajner autor pronalazač

Ričard Bakminster „Baki“ Fuler (engl. Buckminster Fuller; Milton, Masačusets, SAD, 12. jul 1895 — Los Anđeles, 1. jul 1983), američki arhitekta, dizajner, filozof, pronalazač i pisac.

Napisao je dvadeset i osam knjiga, u kojima je iznosio svoje ideje i poglede na svet. Bio je zaokupljen egzistencijalnim pitanjima i načinima poboljšanja kvaliteta života. Mnogo puta je proputovao svet i održao mnogobrojna predavanja. Njegovi izumi iz područja arhitekture i dizajna, često su bili ispred svog vremena.

Fuller je razvio brojne pronalaske, uglavnom arhitektonske dizajne, i popularizovao nadaleko poznatu geodetsku kupolu; molekule ugljenika poznate kao fulereni naučnici su kasnije imenovali zbog njihove strukturne i matematičke sličnosti sa geodetskim sferama. On je takođe bio i drugi svetski predsednik udruženja Mensa od 1974. do 1983.

Patenti

• 1927 U.S. Patent 1.633.702 Stockade: building structure
• 1927 U.S. Patent 1.634.900 Stockade: pneumatic forming process
• 1928 (Application Abandoned) 4D house
• 1937 U.S. Patent 2.101.057 Dymaxion car
• 1940 U.S. Patent 2.220.482 Dymaxion bathroom
• 1944 U.S. Patent 2.343.764 Dymaxion deployment unit (sheet)
• 1944 U.S. Patent 2.351.419 Dymaxion deployment unit (frame)
• 1946 U.S. Patent 2.393.676 Dymaxion map
• 1946 (No Patent) Dymaxion house (Wichita)
• 1954 U.S. Patent 2.682.235 Geodesic dome
• 1959 U.S. Patent 2.881.717 Paperboard dome
• 1959 U.S. Patent 2.905.113 Plydome
• 1959 U.S. Patent 2.914.074 Catenary (geodesic tent)
• 1961 U.S. Patent 2.986.241 Octet truss
• 1962 U.S. Patent 3.063.521 Tensegrity
• 1963 U.S. Patent 3.080.583 Submarisle (undersea island)
• 1964 U.S. Patent 3.139.957 Aspension (suspension building)
• 1965 U.S. Patent 3.197.927 Monohex (geodesic structures)
• 1965 U.S. Patent 3.203.144 Laminar dome
• 1965 (Filed – No Patent) Octa spinner
• 1967 U.S. Patent 3.354.591 Star tensegrity (octahedral truss)
• 1970 U.S. Patent 3.524.422 Rowing needles (watercraft)
• 1974 U.S. Patent 3.810.336 Geodesic hexa-pent
• 1975 U.S. Patent 3.863.455 Floatable breakwater
• 1975 U.S. Patent 3.866.366 Non-symmetrical tensegrity
• 1979 U.S. Patent 4.136.994 Floating breakwater
• 1980 U.S. Patent 4.207.715 Tensegrity truss
• 1983 U.S. Patent 4.377.114 Hanging storage shelf unit

Bibliografija

• 4d Timelock (1928)
• Nine Chains to the Moon (1938)
• Untitled Epic Poem on the History of Industrialization (1962)
• Ideas and Integrities, a Spontaneous Autobiographical Disclosure (1963) ISBN 0-13-449140-8
• No More Secondhand God and Other Writings (1963)
• Education Automation: Freeing the Scholar to Return (1963)
• What I Have Learned: A Collection of 20 Autobiographical Essays, Chapter "How Little I Know", (1968)
• Operating Manual for Spaceship Earth (1968) ISBN 0-8093-2461-X
• Utopia or Oblivion (1969) ISBN 0-553-02883-9
• Approaching the Benign Environment (1970) ISBN 0-8173-6641-5 (with Eric A. Walker and James R. Killian, Jr.)
• I Seem to Be a Verb (1970) coauthors Jerome Agel, Quentin Fiore, ISBN 1-127-23153-7
• Intuition (1970)
• Buckminster Fuller to Children of Earth (1972) compiled and photographed by Cam Smith, ISBN 0-385-02979-9
• The Buckminster Fuller Reader (1972) editor James Meller, ISBN 978-0140214345
• The Dymaxion World of Buckminster Fuller (1960, 1973) coauthor Robert Marks, ISBN 0-385-01804-5
• Earth, Inc (1973) ISBN 0-385-01825-8
• Synergetics: Explorations in the Geometry of Thinking (1975) in collaboration with E.J. Applewhite with a preface and contribution by Arthur L. Loeb, ISBN 0-02-541870-X
• Tetrascroll: Goldilocks and the Three Bears, A Cosmic Fairy Tale (1975)
• And It Came to Pass — Not to Stay (1976) ISBN 0-02-541810-6
• R. Buckminster Fuller on Education (1979) ISBN 0-87023-276-2
• Synergetics 2: Further Explorations in the Geometry of Thinking (1979) in collaboration with E.J. Applewhite
• Buckminster Fuller – Autobiographical Monologue/Scenario (1980) page 54, R. Buckminster Fuller, documented and edited by Robert Snyder, St. Martin's Press, Inc., ISBN 0-312-10678-5
• Buckminster Fuller Sketchbook (1981)
• Critical Path (1981) ISBN 0-312-17488-8
• Grunch of Giants (1983) ISBN 0-312-35193-3
• Inventions: The Patented Works of R. Buckminster Fuller (1983) ISBN 0-312-43477-4
• Humans in Universe (1983) coauthor Anwar Dil, ISBN 0-89925-001-7
• Cosmography: A Posthumous Scenario for the Future of Humanity (1992) coauthor Kiyoshi Kuromiya, ISBN 0-02-541850-5

Literatura

• Applewhite, E. J. (1977). Cosmic Fishing: An account of writing Synergetics with Buckminster Fuller. ISBN 978-0-02-502710-7. 
• Applewhite, E. J., ur. (1986). Synergetics Dictionary, The Mind Of Buckminster Fuller; in four volumes. New York and London: Garland Publishing, Inc. ISBN 978-0-8240-8729-6. 
• Chu, Hsiao-Yun (jesen 2008). „Fuller's Laboratory Notebook”. Collections. 4 (4): 295—306. S2CID 189551410. doi:10.1177/155019060800400404. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)
• Chu, Hsiao-Yun; Trujillo, Roberto (2009). New Views on R. Buckminster Fuller. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-6279-3. 
• Eastham, Scott (2007). American Dreamer. Bucky Fuller and the Sacred Geometry of Nature. Cambridge: The Lutterworth Press. ISBN 978-0-7188-3031-1. 
• Edmondson, Amy (2007). A Fuller Explanation. EmergentWorld LLC. ISBN 978-0-6151-8314-5. 
• Hatch, Alden (1974). Buckminster Fuller At Home In The Universe. New York: Crown Publishers. ISBN 978-0-440-04408-6. 
• Hoogenboom, Olive (1999). „Fuller, R. Buckminster”. American National Biography. 8 (online izd.). New York: Oxford University Press. str. 559—562. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1302560. 
• Gorman, Michael John (2005). Buckminster Fuller: Designing for Mobility. Skira. ISBN 978-8876242656. 
• Kenner, Hugh (1973). Bucky: a guided tour of Buckminster Fuller. ISBN 978-0-688-00141-4. 
• Krausse, Joachim; Lichtenstein, Claude, ur. (1999). Your Private Sky, R. Buckminster Fuller: The Art Of Design Science. Lars Mueller Publishers. ISBN 978-3-907044-88-9. 
• McHale, John (1962). R. Buckminster Fuller. New York: George Brazillier, Inc. 
• Pawley, Martin (1991). Buckminster Fuller. New York: Taplinger Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-8008-1116-7. 
• Potter, R. Robert (1990). Buckminster Fuller. Pioneers in Change Series. Silver Burdett Publishers. ISBN 978-0-382-09972-4. 
• Robertson, Donald (1974). Mind's Eye Of Buckminster Fuller. New York: Vantage Press, Inc. ISBN 978-0-533-01017-2. 
• Rovers, Eva (2019). De rebelse held. Amsterdam: Prometheus. ISBN 978-9-044-63882-0. Arhivirano iz originala 31. 01. 2021. g. Pristupljeno 15. 02. 2021. 
• Snyder, Robert (1980). Buckminster Fuller: An Autobiographical Monologue/Scenario. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-0-312-24547-4. 
• Sterngold, James (15. 6. 2008). „The Love Song of R. Buckminster Fuller”. The New York Times (Arts section). CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)
• Ward, James, ed., The Artifacts Of R. Buckminster Fuller, A Comprehensive Collection of His Designs and Drawings in Four Volumes: Volume One. The Dymaxion Experiment, 1926–1943; Volume Two. Dymaxion Deployment, 1927–1946; Volume Three. The Geodesic Revolution, Part 1, 1947–1959; Volume Four. The Geodesic Revolution, Part 2, 1960–1983: Edited with descriptions by James Ward. Garland Publishing, New York. 1984 (ISBN 0-8240-5082-7 vol. 1, ISBN 0-8240-5083-5 vol. 2, ISBN 0-8240-5084-3 vol. 3, ISBN 0-8240-5085-1 vol. 4)
• Wong, Yunn Chii (1999). The Geodesic Works of Richard Buckminster Fuller, 1948–1968 (The Universe as a Home of Man) (PhD thesis). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture. hdl:1721.1/9512. 
• Zung, Thomas T. K. (2001). Buckminster Fuller: Anthology for the New Millennium. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-0312266394. 

Spoljašnje veze

• The Estate of R. Buckminster Fuller
• Buckminster Fuller Institute
• Remarks at the Presentation Ceremony for the Presidential Medal of Freedom – February 23, 1983 Arhivirano na sajtu Wayback Machine (11. oktobar 2009)
• Works by Bakminster Fuler at Open Library
• Buckminster Fuller, a portrait by Ansel Adams
• 'Bucky' Gets Lucky with Stamp by Danit Lidor, Wired (July 12, 2004)
• Dymaxion Man: The Visions of Buckminster Fuller by Elizabeth Kolbert, The New Yorker (June 9, 2008)
• The Love Song of R. Buckminster Fuller New York Times article questioning Fuller's supposed consideration of suicide, (June 15, 2008)
• Buckminster Fuller Digital Collection at Stanford Arhivirano 2012-12-10 na sajtu Archive.today includes 380 hrs. of streamed audio-visual material from Fuller's personal archive
• Buckminster Fuller Papers housed at Stanford University Libraries
• Clara Thomas Archives and Special Collections, York University Arhivirano na sajtu Wayback Machine (14. novembar 2012) – Archival photographs of Buckminster Fuller from the Toronto Telegram.
• Everything I Know Session, Philadelphia, 1975 at Stanford University Libraries
• The Everything I Know 42-hour lecture session — video, audio, and full transcripts.
• The State of Things - discussion about Fuller
• The World of Buckminster Fuller na sajtu IMDb (jezik: engleski), a 1974 documentary
• Buckminster Fuller: Thinking Out Loud na sajtu IMDb (jezik: engleski), a 1996 episode of American Masters
• Critical Path: R. Buckminster Fuller na sajtu IMDb (jezik: engleski), a 2004 short animated documentary
• The Love Song of R. Buckminster Fuller, a 2012 live documentary by filmmaker Sam Green
• CJ Fearnley's List of Buckminster Fuller Resources on the Internet
• Buckminster Fuller Arhivirano na sajtu Wayback Machine (27. jul 2020) at Pionniers & Précurseurs. Includes a bibliography
• "Buckminster Fuller's Experimental Finishing School", an excerpt from The Experimenters: Chance and Design at Black Mountain College by Eva Díaz