Vilijam Gledston

Vilijam Gledston
Vilijam Gledston
Lični podaci
Ime pri rođenju	Vilijam Juart Gledston
Datum rođenja	(1809-12-29)29. decembar 1809.
Mesto rođenja	Liverpul, Lankašir, Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo
Datum smrti	19. maj 1898.(1898-05-19) (88 god.)
Mesto smrti	Zamak Harden, Flintšir, Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo
Univerzitet	Univerzitet u Oksfordu
Porodica
Supružnik	Katarina Gledston
Deca	8
Politička karijera
Politička stranka	Konzervativna, Piliti, liberalna
Mandati Premijer Ujedinjenog Kraljevstva Lider opozicije Kancelar blagajne Predsednik odbora za trgovinu
Potpis

Vilijam Juart Gledston (engl. William Ewart Gladstone; Liverpul, 29. decembar 1809 — Zamak Harden, 19. maj 1898) bio je britanski političar iz viktorijanskog doba koji je četiri puta biran za premijera. Gledston je ušao u Parlament kao torijevac 1832. godine. Bio je veliki pobornik slobodne trgovine i morao je da podnese ostavku, zajedno sa premijerom ser Robertom Pilom, nakon ukidanja zakona o kukuruzu 1846. godine. Na Gledstonove nazore je umnogome uticalo njegovo divljenje Pilovom ekonomskom liberalizmu. Vršio je dužnost ministra finansija od 1852. do 1855. i ponovo od 1859. do 1866. godine. Predložio je niz budžeta koji su snizili carine i smanjili troškove vlade. Gledston je 1867. izabran za vođu Liberalne partije, a 1868. za premijera. Tokom prvog premijerskog mandata, Gledston je sproveo značajne reforme, među kojima su odvajanje Irske protestantske crkve od države 1869, tajno glasanje na izborima i reforme pravnog statuta sindikata, zakonodavstva i obrazovanja. Gledston je tvrdio da je zaslužan za ukidanje nepravednih zakona i omogućavanje ličnog napretka svakog pojedinca. Takođe je organizovao rešavanje sporova za SAD putem međunarodne arbitraže.

Godine 1874. na izborima ga je pobedio Bendžamin Dizraeli, ali je Gledston ponovo postao premijer nakon midlodijanske kampanje. Godine 1884. osigurao je usvajanje treće reforme Parlamenta. Međutim, izgubio je popularnost posle neuspelog spasavanja Čarlsa Gordona i pada Kartuma, te je u junu 1885. podneo ostavku.

Kada je sledeće godine ponovo izabran za premijera, Gledson je predlog zakona o samoupravi Irske. Ova politika je podelila Liberalnu politiku i njegova vlada je pala. Međutim, ponovo je postao premijer 1892. i iznova pokušao sa novim predlogom zakona o samoupravi 1893, koji je odbijen u Gornjem domu. Godine 1894. Gledston je poslednji put podneo ostavku. Njegov liberalizam je uključivao mere za reformu zakona, ograničenje javne potrošnje i pomoć razvoju trgovine.

Biografija

Vilijam Gledston je rođen 29. decembra 1809. godine u Liverpulu, kao četvrti sin Džona Gledstona. Potiče iz stare ugledne škotske porodice. Obrazovanje je počeo u maloj školi koju je osnovao njegov otac, a nastavio na koledžu Itonu 1821. U oktobru 1828. je otišao na Oksford, Christ Church.

Tamo je pohađao klasične studije i studije matematike. Diplomirao je 1831. godine sa najboljim uspehom u decembru. Tokom studija je bio zapažen kao dobar govornik, a postao je i predsednik Društva za debate (Oxford Union debating society). Tada je sa svojim prijateljima postavio temelje političke karijere. Nakon studija je sa svojim bratom posetio prestonice Belgije, Francuske i Italije. Po povratku u Englesku 1832, ulazi u Parlament i počinje da se aktivno bavi politikom.

Dela

• Gladstone, William Ewart (1841). The State in its relations with the Church (4th izd.). London: John Murray. Pristupljeno 13. 10. 2017 — preko Internet Archive. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)
• Gladstone, William Ewart (1858). Studies on Homer and the Homeric Age. Oxford: At The University Press — preko Internet Archive. , volume 1, volume 2, volume 3.
• Gladstone, William Ewart (1868). A Chapter of Autobiography. London: John Murray. Pristupljeno 14. 10. 2017 — preko Internet Archive. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)
• Gladstone, William Ewart (1870). Juventus Mundi: The Gods and Men of the Heroic Age (2nd izd.). London: Macmillan and Co. Pristupljeno 13. 10. 2017 — preko Internet Archive. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)
• Gladstone, William Ewart (1876). Bulgarian Horrors and the Question of the East (1st izd.). London: John Murray. Pristupljeno 16. 11. 2021 — preko Internet Archive. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)
• Gladstone, William Ewart (1879). Gleanings of Past Years, 1848–1878, 7 vols. (1st izd.). London: John Murray. Pristupljeno 16. 11. 2021 — preko Internet Archive. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)
• Gladstone, William Ewart (1890). On books and the Housing of them. New York: Dodd, Mead & Company. Pristupljeno 11. 10. 2017 — preko Internet Archive. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)
• Gladstone, William Ewart (1890). The impregnable rock of Holy Scripture (Revised and Enlarged from Good Words). London: Isbister and Company — preko Internet Archive. 
• William Ewart Gladstone, Baron Arthur Hamilton-Gordon Stanmore (1961). Gladstone-Gordon correspondence, 1851–1896: selections from the private correspondence of a British Prime Minister and a colonial Governor, Volume 51. American Philosophical Society. str. 116. ISBN 978-0871695147. Pristupljeno 28. 6. 2010. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza) (Volume 51, Issue 4 of new series, Transactions of the American Philosophical Society) (Original from the University of California)

Galerija

• 
  Jedan od najpoznatijih Gledstonovih portreta.
• 
  Gledstonov spomenik na Albertovom trgu u Mančesteru.
• 
  Nadgrobna ploča Vilijama Gledstona.
• 
  Vilijam Gledston sa svojom unukom.
• 
  Portret Ruperta Potera iz 1884.
• 
  Vilijam Gledston u neposlovnoj varijanti.

Vidi još

• Viktorija Hanoverska

Literatura

• Michael Barker, Gladstone and Radicalism. The Reconstruction of Liberal Policy in Britain. 1885–1894 . . The Harvester Press. 1975. .
• David Bebbington and Roger Swift (eds.), Gladstone Centenary Essays . . Liverpool University Press. 2000. .
• E.F. Biagini, Liberty, Retrenchment and Reform. Popular Liberalism in the Age of Gladstone, 1860–1880 . . Cambridge University Press. 1992. .
• Eugenio Biagini and Alastair Reid (eds.), Currents of Radicalism. Popular Radicalism, Organised Labour and Party Politics in Britain, 1850–1914 . . Cambridge University Press. 1991. .
• Bright, J. Franck. A History Of England. Period 4: Growth Of Democracy: Victoria 1837–1880 (1902)online 608pp; highly detailed older political narrative
  • (1904) A History of England: Period V. Imperial Reaction, Victoria, 1880‒1901. 
• Sydney Buxton, Finance and Politics. An Historical Study. 1783–1885. Volume I (John Murray, 1888)
• F.W. Hirst, Gladstone as Financier and Economist (1931).
• F.W. Hirst, In the Golden Days (Frederick Muller, 1947).
• Philip Magnus, Gladstone: A Biography (1954).
• H.C.G. Matthew, Gladstone. 1809–1874 . . Oxford University Press. 1988. ; Gladstone. 1875–1898 . . Oxford University Press. 1995. .
• Morley, John (1903). The Life of William Ewart Gladstone. London & New York: Macmillan and CO. Limited and The Macmillan Company.  volume I. ; volume II. , volume III.  via Internet Archive.
• Reid, Sir Wemyss, ur. (1899). The Life of William Ewart Gladstone. London, Paris, New York, Melbourne: Cassell and Company. Limited. Pristupljeno 13. 10. 2017. .
• Joseph A. Schumpeter, History of Economic Analysis (George Allen & Unwin Ltd, 1954).
• Richard Shannon. Gladstone: Peel's Inheritor, 1809–1865. 1985. ISBN 978-0-8078-1591-5. ; . Shannon, Richard (1999). Gladstone: Heroic Minister, 1865–1898. UNC Press Books. ISBN 978-0-8078-2486-3. .

Primarni izvori

• W.E. Gladstone, Midlothian Speeches. 1879 . . Leicester University Press. 1971. .
• Viscount Gladstone, After Thirty Years (1928).
• Lord Kilbracken, Reminiscences of Lord Kilbracken (Macmillan, 1931).
• Herbert Paul (ed.), Letters of Lord Acton to Mary Gladstone (George Allen, 1904).
• Russell, G.W.E. (1911). One Look Back. London: Wells Gardner, Darton and Co., LTD. Pristupljeno 13. 10. 2017 — preko Internet Archive. .
• Tollemache, Lionel A. (1898). Talks with Mr. Gladstone (1 izd.). London: Edward Arnold. Pristupljeno 13. 10. 2017 — preko Internet Archive. .
• Matthew, H.C.G. and M.R.D. Foot, eds. Gladstone Diaries. With Cabinet Minutes & Prime-Ministerial Correspondence (13 vol; vol 14 is the index; 1968–1994); includes diaries, important selections from cabinet minutes and key political correspondence. online at Questia are vol 1, 4, 6, 7, and 11–14. Arhivirano na sajtu Wayback Machine (7. novembar 2017); vol 14, pp. 1–284 includes brief identification of the 20,000+ people mentioned by Gladstone.

Biografije

• Bebbington, D.W. William Ewart Gladstone (1993).
• Biagini, Eugenio F. Gladstone (2000).
• Brand, Eric (1986). William Gladstone. Chelsea House Publishers. ISBN 978-0-87754-528-6. .
• Feuchtwanger, E.J. Gladstone (1975). 272 pp.
• Feuchtwanger, E.J. "Gladstone and the Rise and Fall of Victorian Liberalism" History Review (Dec 1996) v. 26 online Arhivirano na sajtu Wayback Machine (24. septembar 2019); also online. 1975. 
• Jagger, Peter J., ed. Gladstone (2007), 256 pp.
• Jenkins, Roy. Gladstone: A Biography (2002)
• Magnus, Philip M. Gladstone: A biography (1954)
• Matthew, H.C.G. "Gladstone, William Ewart (1809–1898)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, (2004; online edition, May 2006.
• Matthew, H.C.G. Gladstone, 1809–1874 (1988); Gladstone, 1875–1898 (1995) online complete Arhivirano na sajtu Wayback Machine (28. jun 2020)
  • Matthew, Gladstone: 1809–1898 (1997) is an unabridged one-volume version. https://archive.orgdetails/gladstone180918700matt_0. 
• Morley, J. The life of William Ewart Gladstone, 3 vols. (1903) vol 2 online
• Partridge, M. Gladstone (2003)
• Russell, George W.E (1891). The Right Honourable William Ewart Gladstone. London: Sampson, Low, Marston & Company. Pristupljeno 13. 10. 2017 — preko Internet Archive. .
• Russell, Michael (2009). Gladstone: A Bicentenary Portrait. Michael Russell. ISBN 978-0859553179. 
• Shannon, Richard. Gladstone (2 vols, 1984–2000). vol 1 online. 1984. 
• Shut, M.L. (2008). „Gladstone, William Ewart (1809–1898)”. Ur.: Hamowy, Ronald. The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE; Cato Institute. str. 206—07. ISBN 978-1412965804. LCCN 2008009151. OCLC 750831024. doi:10.4135/9781412965811.n123. 

Specijalne studije

• Aldous, Richard. The Lion and the Unicorn: Gladstone vs Disraeli (2007).
• Beales, Derek. From Castlereagh to Gladstone, 1815–1885 (1969), survey of political history https://archive.orgdetails/fromcastlereaght00beal. 
• Bebbington, D.W. The Mind of Gladstone: Religion, Homer and Politics (2004).
• Boyce, D. George and Alan O'Day, eds. Gladstone and Ireland: Politics, Religion, and Nationality in the Victorian Age (Palgrave Macmillan; 2011), 307 pp.
• Bright, J. Franck. A History Of England. Period 4: Growth Of Democracy: Victoria 1837–1880 (1893)online 608 pp; highly detailed political narrative
• Bright, J. Franck. A History of England: Period V. Imperial Reaction: Victoria 1880–1901 (vol 5, 1904); detailed political narrative; 295pp; online; also another copy
• Butler, P. Gladstone, church, state, and Tractarianism: a study of his religious ideas and attitudes, 1809–1859 (1982).
• Gopal, S. "Gladstone and the Italian Question." History 41#141 (1956): 113–21. in JSTOR
• Guedalla, Philip. Queen and Mr. Gladstone (2 vols, 1933) online edition
• Isba, Anne (2006). Gladstone and Women. London: Hambledon Continuum. ISBN 978-1-85285-471-3. .
• Hammond, J.L. Gladstone and the Irish nation (1938) online edition. 1938. 
• Jenkins, T.A. Gladstone, whiggery and the liberal party, 1874–1886 (1988).
• Langer, William L. The Diplomacy of Imperialism: 1890–1902 (2nd ed. 1950), a standard diplomatic history of Europe
• Loughlin, J. . Gladstone, home rule and the Ulster question, 1882–1893. 1986. 
• Parry, J. P. Democracy and religion: Gladstone and the liberal party, 1867–1875 (1986).
• Quinault, Roland, et al. eds William Gladstone: New Studies and Perspectives (2012).
• Quinault, Roland. "Chamberlain and Gladstone: An Overview of Their Relationship." in Joseph Chamberlain: International Statesman, National Leader, Local Icon ed. by I. Cawood, C. Upton, (Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016). 97–115.
• Schreuder, D. M. Gladstone and Kruger: Liberal government and colonial ‘home rule’, 1880–85 (1969).
• Schreuder, D. M. "Gladstone and Italian unification, 1848–70: the making of a Liberal?", The English historical review, (1970) vol. 85 (n. 336), pp. 475–501 . in JSTOR
• Seton-Watson, R.W. Disraeli, Gladstone and the eastern question: a study in diplomacy and party politics (1935).
• Shannon, Richard. The crisis of imperialism, 1865–1915 (1976), pp. 76–100, 142–98.
• Vincent, J. Gladstone and Ireland (1978).
• Vincent, J. The Formation of the Liberal Party, 1857–1868 (1966).

Istoriografija

• St. John, Ian. The Historiography of Gladstone and Disraeli . . Anthem Press. 2016.  402 pp excerpt

Spoljašnje veze

Spoljašnji video-zapis

Presentation by Roy Jenkins on Gladstone: A Biography at the Library of Congress, February 10, 1997, C-SPAN

Interview with Roy Jenkins on Gladstone: A Biography, March 20, 1997, C-SPAN

• (jezik: engleski)Vilijam Gledston na Britanici
• Gledstonov govor na temu principa spoljne politike, preuzeto iz knjige Besede - izbor iz svetskog besedništva.
• Portreti Vilijama Gledstona u Nacionalnoj galeriji portreta, London
• Mr. Gladstone Arhivirano na sajtu Wayback Machine (25. februar 2021) (character sketch by W.T. Stead, in the Review of Reviews, 1892).
• Vilijam Gledston na sajtu Projekat Gutenberg (jezik: engleski)
• Vilijam Gledston na sajtu Internet Archive (jezik: engleski)
• Vilijam Gledston na sajtu LibriVox (jezik: engleski)
• More about William Ewart Gladstone on the Downing Street website.
• William Ewart Gladstone 1809–98 biography from the Liberal Democrat History Group.
• BBC Radio – Programme Two contains a recording of Gladstone's voice.
• Vilijam Gledston na sajtu NPG (jezik: engleski)