Dačani

Mramorna statua Dačijanskog ratnika nad Konstantinovom slavoluku u Rimu.

Dačani ili, po tradicionalnom latinskom izgovoru Daki (Daci; antički grčki: Δάκοι, Δάοι, Δάκαι), su tračka plemena nastanjena pretežno na području današnjih država Rumunija i Moldavija. Dačani, zajedno sa ostalim Tračanima, pripadaju tračko-ilirskoj grani Indoevropljana. Savremeni Moldavci i Rumuni njihovog su porekla. Područje stare Dakije bilo je prostranije od današnje Rumunije. Razna dačka plemena ujedinila su se oko 60. p. n. e. Rim ovo područje osvaja od 101—107. godine, u doba cara Trajana, koji je vodio dva dačka rata: Prvi dački rat i Drugi dački rat.

Imena (Geti i Dačani)

Kroz istoriju vezanu uz Rumuniju javljaju se često dva imena, to su Dačani i Geti , imena koja moguće označavaju isti narod, ali i ne mora biti, pa postoji sumnja da su Geti jedan njihov deo. Na kartama se nalaze imena oba plemena, a današnji ih istoričari često nazivaju Geto-Dačani. Ime Getae javlja se već u 9 veku p. n. e. pa do 2. veka nove ere. Naziv Dačani javlja se kod Rimljana i mnogo je mlađi, negde početkom 1. ili 2. vek p. n. e., pa do 2. veka nove ere.

Teritorija

Dakija 82. p. n. e.

Dačani su nastanjivali područje koje je graničilo rekama Tisa i Dnjestar, Starom Planinom (Balkan) i Crnim morem. Ovaj njihov kraj nazivan je 'karparsko-dunavskim' područjem jer je uključivao Karpatske planine i donji tok Dunava.

Praistorija

Indoevropljani, kojima svi Tračani pripadaju zajedno sa Ilirima, migriraju sa stepa severno od Crnog mora i zauzimaju celo područje Evrope. Pridošlice asimiliraju u prastanovnike i nameću indoevropski jezik. Nakon procesa separacije i individualizacije nastaju novi narodi kao što su Heleni (Grci), Italici, Kelti, Germani, Iliri i razne slovenske grupe. Dačani su takođe jedan takav narod koji se kompletno individualizovao na Karpatsko-Dunavskom teritoriji početkom Gvozdenog doba, to jest u 9. veku p. n. e.

Tračani i Dačani

Dačani se najčešće smatraju severnom granom Tračana. Ova činjenica temelji se na nekoliko starogrčkih tekstova. Kada su drevni Grci koji su svoje severne susede zvali Tračanima, sreli Gete, ustanovili su da su u pitanju jezik i običaji srodni Tračanima, zapisali su ih kao tračansko pleme. O jeziku Tračana i Dačana zna se malo. Što se tiče lokacije Tračana oni su nastanjivali područje između reke Vardar, Stare planine, i Egejskog, Mramornog i Crnog mora. Jezici im verovatno nisu bili isti, tek srodni, što su bili i po običajima. Ovakav slučaj ne bi bio redak, u stvari veoma je čest, a uzrok mu leži u migracijama i kontaktima sa drugim jezičnim i kulturnim zajednicama.

Susret sa Persijancima i običaji

Veoma važne podatke o Getima nalazimo kod Herodota. Oni se spominju prilikom pohoda Darija I protiv Skita, zbilo se to 514. p. n. e. Darije I veliki kralj Persijanaca, organizovao je veliku kaznenu ekspediciju protiv Skita. Prešao je Bosfor sa velikom vojskom i nastavio svoj put na sever. Na svom putu nailazi na Tračane koje pokorava bez borbe. Usprotiviše mu se tek Geti koje je Darije ipak porazio. Herodot nam o Getima nadalje govori da uzgajaju konoplju od koje proizvode svoju odeću, a njihovu zemlju (Dakija) naziva 'zemljom meda'. Geti su bili veliki uzgajivači pčela.

Spisak plemena

Vlasi - romanizovani potomci Dačana na području današnje Rumunije, 6-8. vek

• Albocenses -
• Anarti -
• Apuli – središnja Transilvanija. Središte im je bilo Apulum (Piatra Craivii)
• Biephi -
• Buridavenses – severna Moldavija.
• Calipizi – Između Dnjestra i Buga.
• Carpi – Istočno od Karpata i zapadno od Dnjestra. Po njima su Karpati dobili ime.
• Caucoenses -
• Ciagisi -
• Costoboci – Područje savremene Ukrajine i Moldavije (severoistočna Dakija).
• Cotenses -
• Crobobizi – Dobrudža.
• Keiasigi - U Transilvaniji.
• Piephigi – Moldavija
• Potulatenses -
• Predavenses -
• Ratacenses -
• Saldenses – Banat i Krisana u Rumuniji.
• Sienses -
• Suci – kod ušća Olta.
• Teurisci -
• Trizi.- Dobrudža
• Tyragetae – na ušću Dnjestra.

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Spoljašnje veze

• Dacian reenactor with falx
• Dacian Enciclopedia