Diseldorfska škola

S Vikipedije, slobodne enciklopedije

Stara akademija u Diseldorfu[1][2] Andreasa Ahenbaha 1831. godine.

Diseldorfska škola je naziv za grupu nemačkih umetnika. Naziv je dobila po gradu Diseldorfu gde su ovi umetnici studirali.[3] Svoje radove izlagali su u Diseldorfskoj galeriji u Njujorku. Na njenom čelu bio je u periodu od 1826. do 1859. godine Vilhelm fon Šadov koji je bio upravnik akademije.[4] Na radovima ovih slikara zastupljene su religijske i istorijske teme, žanr slikarstvo i pejzaži. U početku snažan uticaj na ovu grupu izvršili su Nazareni[5][6] i romantika da bi se kasnije sve više okretali naturalističkom[7] [8] načinu prikazivanja. Između ostalih članovi grupe bili su Karl Fridrih Lesing, Johan Piter Hazenklever i braća Ahenbah. Ka bidermajerskom žanru slikarstvu[9] škola se usmerila posle secesionističkog strujanja pojedinih članova 40-ih godina 19. veka.

Pregled[uredi | uredi izvor]

Rad Diseldorfske škole karakterišu fino detaljni, ali fantastični pejzaži, često sa religioznim ili alegorijskim pričama smeštenim u pejzažima. Glavni članovi Diseldorfske škole zagovarali su „plenersko slikarstvo“[10][11] i imali su tendenciju da koriste paletu sa relativno prigušenim i ujednačenim bojama. Diseldorfska škola je nastala i bila je deo nemačkog romantičarskog pokreta. Istaknuti članovi Diselorfove škole bili su fon Šadov, Karl Fridrih Lesing, Johan Vilhelm Širmer, Andreas Ahenbah, Hans Fredrik Gude, Adolf Tidemand, Osvald Ahenbah i Adolf Šredter.[12]

Diseldorfska škola je imala značajan uticaj na Školu reke Hadson u Sjedinjenim Državama, a mnogi istaknuti Amerikanci su se školovali na Diseldorfskoj akademiji i pokazuju uticaj Diseldorfske škole, uključujući Džordža Kaleba Bingama, Dejvida Edvarda Kronina, Istmana Džonsona, Vortingtona Vitredža, Ričard Kejton Vudvil, Vilijam Stenli Haseltajn, Džejms Mekdugal Hart, Helen Sirl i Vilijam Moris Hant, kao i nemački emigrant Emanuel Lojce. Albert Birštat se prijavio, ali nije prihvaćen. Njegov američki prijatelj Vortington Vitridž postao mu je učitelj dok se školovao u Diseldorfu.

Između 1819. i 1918. godine, oko 4000 umetnika[13][14] pripadalo je Diseldorfskoj slikarskoj školi.

Reference[uredi | uredi izvor]

  1. ^ „World Class: The Düsseldorf School of Painting 1819–1918”. Arhivirano iz originala 28. 5. 2012. g. Pristupljeno 11. 8. 2019. 
  2. ^ Wend von Kalnein, Rolf Andree and Ute Ricke-Immel, The Hudson and the Rhine: Die Amerikanische Malerkolonie in Düsselsdorf im 19. Jahrhundert, exhibition catalog, Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf, 1976.
  3. ^ Als die zu betrachtende Zeitspanne der Düsseldorfer Malerschule hat sich unter Einbeziehung des Langen 19. Jahrhunderts der Zeitraum von 1819, das Jahr der preußischen Neugründung der Kunstakademie Düsseldorf und des Beginns des Direktorats von Peter Cornelius, bis 1918, das Jahr des Endes des Ersten Weltkriegs und des Deutschen Kaiserreichs, allgemein durchgesetzt. Der vom Kunsthistoriker Wolfgang Hütt vertretene Ansatz, das Jahr 1869 als das Datum einer gescheiterten Künstler-Revolte gegen das Direktorat einer „junkerlich-preußischen Beamtenbürokratie“ unter Hermann Altgelt als Ende der Düsseldorfer Malerschule zu betrachten, setzte sich nicht durch. – Vgl. Wolfgang Hütt: Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1869. VEB E. A. Seemann Buch- und Kunstverlag, Leipzig 1983, S. 250 f.
  4. ^ Schadow and his students "bildeten den Krystallisationspunkt, um den sich in späteren Jahren die Düsseldorfer Schule anlegte". Wolfgang Müller von Königswinter: Düsseldorfer Künstler aus den letzten fünfundzwanzig Jahren. Leipzig, 1854, S. 1
  5. ^ Nationalgalerie (Berlin), and Françoise Forster-Hahn. 2001. Spirit of an Age: Nineteenth-Century Paintings From the Nationalgalerie, Berlin. London: National Gallery Company. p. 26. ISBN 1857099605
  6. ^ Novak, Rev. Fr. Kenneth (novembar 2003). „The Art of Bueron”. The Angelus Online. Pristupljeno 2023-03-19. 
  7. ^ Sarah Dillon and Amy Raffel (oktobar 2014). „Italian Renaissance Art (1400–1600)”. Art History Teaching Resources. AHTR. Pristupljeno 6. 11. 2021. 
  8. ^ „Metropolitan Museum of Art”. Metmuseum.org. 2014-06-02. Pristupljeno 2014-07-15. 
  9. ^ „Biedermeier – Elegant, Simple Interior Design”. Biedermeier.us. Arhivirano iz originala 25. 07. 2013. g. Pristupljeno 2013-06-27. 
  10. ^ Collins Australian Dictionary - the Foremost Authority on the language of today Harper Coliins. Pymble 2073, p 1246
  11. ^ Joshua Taylor (1989), Nineteenth Century Theories of Art, pages 246–7, University of California Press, USA. ISBN 0520048881
  12. ^ Humboldt, Wilhelm von (1968). Albert Leitzmann, ur. Gesammelte Schriften. 1. Abteilung: Werke. Band 6 1827–1835. Walter de Gruyter. str. 585. ISBN 978-3-11-019258-2. Pristupljeno 4. 1. 2011. 
  13. ^ Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf und Galerie Paffrath (Hrsg.): Lexikon der Düsseldorfer Malerschule, 3 Bände, Düsseldorf und München, 1997–1999
  14. ^ Baumgärtel, Bettina, ur. (2011). The Düsseldorf School of Painting and Its International Influence 1819-1918. Düsseldorf, Germany: Museum Kunstpalast. str. 402—420. ISBN 978-3-86568-737-1. 

Literatura[uredi | uredi izvor]

  • Beiser, Frederick C. The Romantic Imperative: the Concept of Early German Romanticism. (Harvard University Press, 2003).
  • Benz, Ernst. The Mystical Sources of German Romantic Philosophy, translated by Blair R. Reynolds and Eunice M. Paul. London: Pickwick Publications, 2009. ISBN 978-0-915138-50-0. (Original French edition: Les Sources mystiques de la philosophie romantique allemande. Paris : Vrin, 1968.)
  • Bowie, Andrew. From romanticism to critical theory: The philosophy of German literary theory (Psychology Press, 1997).
  • Breckman, Warren. "Introduction: A Revolution in Culture," in European Romanticism: A Brief History with Documents. Ed. W. Breckman. New York: Bedford/St Martin's, 2007.
  • Gossman, Lionel. "Making of a Romantic Icon: The Religious Context of Friedrich Overbeck's 'Italia und Germania.'" American Philosophical Society, 2007. ISBN 0-87169-975-3.
  • Gossman, Lionel. "Orpheus Philologus: Bachofen versus Mommsen on the Study of Antiquity." American Philosophical Society Transactions, 1983. ISBN 1-4223-7467-X.
  • Grewe, Cordula. Painting the Sacred in the Age of German Romanticism. Aldershot: Ashgate Books, 2009.[1]
  • Johnston, Catherine, et al. Baltic Light: Early Open-Air Painting in Denmark and North Germany. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1999. ISBN 0-300-08166-9.
  • Lacoue-Labarthe, Philippe, and Jean-Luc Nancy. The literary absolute: the theory of literature in German romanticism (SUNY Press, 1988).
  • Nassar, Dalia. The Romantic Absolute: Being and Knowing in Early German Romantic Philosophy, 1795–1804 (U of Chicago Press, 2013).
  • O'Neill, J, ur. (1981). German masters of the nineteenth century : paintings and drawings from the Federal Republic of Germany. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. ISBN 0-87099-264-3. 
  • Pfau, Thomas. "Conjuring history: Lyric cliche, conservative fantasy, and traumatic awakening in German Romanticism." South Atlantic Quarterly 102.1 (2003): 53–92.
  • Safrankski, Rüdiger. Romantik. Eine deutsche Affäre. Munich: Carl Hanser Verlag, 2007. ISBN 978-3-446-20944-2.
  • Seyhan, Azade. Representation and its discontents: The critical legacy of German romanticism (Univ of California Press, 1992).
  • Siegel, Linda. Caspar David Friedrich and the Age of German Romanticism. Branden Publishing Co, 1978. ISBN 0-8283-1659-7.
  • Steigerwald, Joan, and J. Fairbairn. "The cultural enframing of nature: environmental histories during the early German romantic period." Environment and History 6.4 (2000): 451–496. online
  • Stone, Alison. "Alienation from nature and early German romanticism." Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 17.1 (2014): 41–54. online
  • Stone, Alison. Nature, Ethics and Gender in German Romanticism and Idealism (Rowman & Littlefield, 2018).
  • Vaughan, William. German Romantic Painting. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1980. ISBN 0-300-02387-1.
  • „Rundgang”. www.kunstakademie-duesseldorf.de. Pristupljeno 11. 8. 2019. 
  • „Das Goethezeitportal: Becker: Der wunderbare Leuchter”. www.goethezeitportal.de. Pristupljeno 2023-01-07. 
  • Auricchio, Laura (oktobar 2004). „The Transformation of Landscape Painting in France”. Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. 
  • Bird, Michael. „A Real Squeeze: Paint in Tubes”. Christie's. Christie's. Pristupljeno 20. 4. 2023. 
  • Harrison C White, Cynthia A. White (1993). Canvases and Careers: Institutional Change in the French Painting World. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0226894878
  • Malafronte, Allison (oktobar 2009). „The History of the Plein Air Movement”. American Artist: 20—24. 
  • Antoine Descheemaeker- Colle (2008),Eugène Chigot, Sa Vie, Son Oevre Peint, Editions Henri, France. ISBN 9782917698020
  • „Newlyn School, Landscape Painting Artist Colony, Cornwall: History, Artists, Stanhope Forbes, Frank Bramley”. Visual-arts-cork.com. Pristupljeno 20. 8. 2010. 
  • „Artists who work en plein air share their motivations: Arts”. adn.com. 6. 6. 2010. Arhivirano iz originala 8. 8. 2010. g. Pristupljeno 20. 8. 2010. 
  • „Invention of box/ Field easel”. Realism & Impressionism. Pristupljeno 2015-11-02. 
  • „Plein Air”. PBS. 6. 8. 2007. Arhivirano iz originala 22. 8. 2011. g. Pristupljeno 20. 8. 2010. 
  • „Pochade box”. Artwork Essentials. Pristupljeno 29. 12. 2016. 
  • Novak, Rev. Fr. Kenneth (novembar 2003). „The Art of Bueron”. The Angelus Online. Pristupljeno 2023-03-19. 
  • Henri Dorra, Symbolist Art Theories: A Critical Anthology (Berkeley, University of California Press, 1995)
  • Mitchell Benjamin Frank. Romantic Painting Redefined: Nazarene Tradition and the Narratives of Romanticism. Ashgate Publishing, 2001; ISBN 0-7546-0477-2
  • Cordula Grewe. Painting the Sacred in the Age of German Romanticism. Aldershot: Ashgate Books, 2009.
  • Lionel Gossman. Making of a Romantic Icon: The Religious Context of Friedrich Overbeck's 'Italia und Germania'. American Philosophical Society, 2007. ISBN 0-87169-975-3. [2]
  • Lionel Gossman. "Unwilling Moderns: The Nazarene Painters of the Nineteenth Century" Arhivirano na sajtu Wayback Machine (14. новембар 2019) in Nineteenth-Century Art Worldwide – Volume 2, Issue 3, Autumn 2003.
  • Blunt Anthony, Artistic Theory in Italy, 1450–1600, 1940 (refs to 1985 edn), OUP, ISBN 0-19-881050-4
  • Morris, Pam (2003). Realism. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-22938-8. 
  • Needham, Gerald, "Naturalism." Grove Art Online. Oxford Art Online. Oxford University Press, accessed February 23, 2013, subscriber link
  • Raben, Hans, "Bellori's Art: The Taste and Distaste of a Seventeenth-Century Art Critic in Rome", Simiolus: Netherlands Quarterly for the History of Art, Vol. 32, No. 2/3 (2006), pp. 126–46, Stichting voor Nederlandse Kunsthistorische Publicaties, JSTOR
  • Watt, Ian (1957). The Rise of the Novel: Studies in Defoe, Richardson and FieldingНеопходна слободна регистрација. Berkeley: University of California Press. 
  • West, Shearer (1996). The Bullfinch Guide to Art. UK: Bloomsbury Publishing Plc. ISBN 978-0-8212-2137-2. 
  • Buchanan, William (1982), The Realist Tradition, in Cencrastus No. 8, Spring 1982, pp. 17–20, ISSN 0264-0856
  • Dahlhaus, Carl (1985). Realism in Nineteenth-Century Music. Translated by Mary Whittall. Cambridge, London, New York, New Rochelle, Melbourne, Sydney: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-26115-9.  ISBN 978-0-521-27841-6 (pbk).
  • Dahlhaus, Carl (1989). Nineteenth-Century Music. Translated by J. Bradford Robinson. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-07644-0. 
  • Frisch, Walter (2005). German Modernism: Music and the Arts. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-25148-9. 
  • Ilsa Barea (1966, republished 1992), Vienna: legend and reality, London: Pimlico. Chapter 111, Biedermeier, pp. 111–188.
  • Jane K. Brown, in The Cambridge Companion to the Lied, James Parsons (ed.), 2004, Cambridge.
  • Martin Swales & Erika Swales, Adalbert Stifter: A Critical Study, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984.

Spoljašnje veze[uredi | uredi izvor]

Diseldorfska škola na Vikimedijinoj ostavi.
Ikona za klice

Ovaj članak vezan za umetnost je klica. Možete doprineti Vikipediji tako što ćete ga proširiti.

Preuzeto iz „https://sr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Диселдорфска_школа&oldid=27553368”