Monopol

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Monopol (od grčkih reči grč. μόνος i grč. πωλεῖν) tržišno je stanje u kojem se na strani ponude nalazi samo jedan prodavac koji je u mogućnosti da odlučujuće utiče na formiranje cena, a na strani potražnje nalazi se mnoštvo kupaca bez mogućnosti izbora drugog dobavljača i uticaja na cenu.[1] Za monopolistu ne važi marginalno pravilo. Monopolistička pozicija na tržištu omogućava mu da maksimizira profit proizvodeći onu količinu proizvoda i usluga za koju su marginalni troškovi jednaki marginalnom prihodu.

Teorijski gledano i za monopolistu važi marginalno pravilo, jer i monopolista proizvodi do tačke u kojoj su marginalni troškovi jednaki marginalnom prihodu. Međutim, razlika između monopoliste i preduzeća koje posluje u savršenoj konkurenciji je taj što je kriva marginalnog prihoda kod monopoliste opadajuća. A opadajuća kriva marginalnog prihoda prizilazi iz činjenice da je kriva tražnje kod monopoliste takođe, opadajuća. Zbog navedenih karakteristika krivih marginalnog prihoda i tražnje vidi se da monopolista može manipulisati cenom i proizvodom. U svakom slučaju, nivo proizvodnje monopola je društveno neefikasan.[2] Glagol monopolizovati odnosi se na proces kojim kompanija stiče sposobnost da podigne cene ili isključi konkurente. U ekonomiji, monopol je pojedinačni prodavac. Po pravilu, monopol je poslovni subjekt koji ima značajnu tržišnu moć, odnosno moć naplate previsokih cena, što je povezano sa smanjenjem društvenog viška.[3] Iako monopoli mogu biti velika preduzeća, veličina nije karakteristika monopola. Malo preduzeće može još uvek da ima moć da podigne cene u maloj industriji (ili na tržištu).[3]

Monopoli se mogu pojaviti prirodno zbog ograničene konkurencije, jer je industrija resursno intenzivna i zahtijeva znatne troškove za rad (npr. određene željezničke sisteme).

jedan dva nekoliko
prodavaca monopol duopol oligopol
kupaca monopsonija duopsonija oligopsonija

Reference[uredi | uredi izvor]

  1. ^ Milton Friedman (februar 2002) [1962]. „VIII: Monopoly and the Social Responsibility of Business and Labor”. Capitalism and Freedom (paperback) (40th anniversary izd.). The University of Chicago Press. str. 208. ISBN 0-226-26421-1. 
  2. ^ Blinder, Alan S; Baumol, William J; Gale, Colton L (jun 2001). „11: Monopoly”. Microeconomics: Principles and Policy (paperback). Thomson South-Western. str. 212. ISBN 0-324-22115-0. „A pure monopoly is an industry in which there is only one supplier of a product for which there are no close substitutes and in which is very difficult or impossible for another firm to coexist” 
  3. ^ a b Orbach, Barak; Campbell, Grace (2012). „The Antitrust Curse of Bigness”. Southern California Law Review. SSRN 1856553 Slobodan pristup. 

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Spoljašnje veze[uredi | uredi izvor]

Monopoly na Vikimedijinoj ostavi.
Preuzeto iz „https://sr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Монопол&oldid=27549453”