Mormonizam

Mormonizam je religija koju praktikuju mormoni i dominantna je verska tradicija pokreta Svetaca poslednjih dana. Ovaj pokret je osnovao Džozef Smit početkom 1820-ih, kao oblik hrišćanskog primitivizma. Tokom 1830-ih i 1840-ih, mormonizam se postepeno udaljavao od tradicionalnog protestantizma. Mormonizam danas predstavlja novu, neprotestantsku religiju, koja vuče korene iz Smitovih propovedi iz 1840-ih. Nakon Smitove smrti, većina mormona je sledila Brigama Janga do Stenovitih planina, kao crkva Isusa Hrista svetaca poslednjih dana. U druge grane mormonizma spadaju mormonski fundamentalizam, koji nastoji da održi prakse i doktrine kojih se odrekla Crkva Isusa hrista svetaca poslednjih dana (kao što je poligamija), kao i druge manje zajednice. Istoričar, Sidni E. Olstrom, pisao je 1982. godine: „Ne može se čak ni sa siguranošću utvrditi da li je [mormonizam] sekta, misteriozni kult, nova religija, crkva, narod, nacija ili američka podkultura; zaista, u različito vreme i na različitim mestima, on je sve to". Međutim, naučnici i teolozi unutar pokreta Svetih poslednjih dana, uključujući Smita, često su koristili „mormonizam“ da opišu jedinstvena učenja i doktrine pokreta.

Novo izdanje Mormonove knjige iz 1830.

Izraz mormon potiče od Mormonove knjige, jednog od svetih tekstova ove religije. Na osnovu imena te knjige, rani sledbenici Džosefa Smita nazvani su mormoni, a vera mormonizam. Termin je prvobitno smatran uvredljivim, ali se više ne smatra takvim (mada mormoni više vole da se oslovljavaju kao sveci poslednjih dana). Mormonizam deli zajednički skup verovanja sa ostatkom pokreta Svetaca poslednjih dana, uključujući verovanje u Bibliju, kao i druge verske tekstove, uključujući Mormonovu knjigu i Doktrine i zaveti. Razlikuje se od drugih tradicija pokreta Svetaca poslednjih dana (kao što su zajednica Hrista) u tome što takođe prihvata Dragoceni biser kao deo svog verskog kanona, kao i po propovedanju večnog braka, večnog napredovanja, i višečlanog braka (iako je Crkva Isusa Hrista svetaca poslednjih dana napustila poligamiju početkom 20. veka). Kulturni mormonizam predstavlja životni stil koji promovišu mormonske institucije, a obuhvata kulturne mormone koji se identifikuju sa kulturom, ali ne nužno i sa mormonskom teologijom.

Sama teologija nije jednoobrazna; već 1831. godine, a još značajnije nakon Smitove smrti, različite grupe su se odvojile od Hristove crkve koju je Smit osnovao. Osim razlika u vođstvu, ove grupe se najznačajnije razlikuju u svojim stavovima o poligamiji, koju je crkva LDS iz Jute zabranila 1890. godine, i trinitarizmu, koji crkva LDS ne potvrđuje. Grana teologije koja nastoji da održi praksu poligamije poznata je kao mormonski fundamentalizam i uključuje nekoliko različitih crkava. Druge grupe podržavaju trinitarizam, poput Hristove zajednice (ranije Reorganizovana crkva Isusa Hrista svetaca poslednjih dana) i opisuju svoju doktrinu kao trinitarna hrišćanska restauracija.

Kulturni mormonizam je termin koji su skovali kultološki mormoni koji se identifikuju sa kulturom, posebno onom prisutnom u Juti i Ajdahu, ali se nužno ne identifikuju sa teologijom.

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Spoljašnje veze

• PBS: Frontline + American Experience: Mormons—PBS special on Mormon belief
• Patheos + Mormonism—Patheos.com. Mormonism Origins, Mormonism History, Mormonism Beliefs
• "Religions: Mormonism"—BBC Religion
• The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
• Community of Christ (Formerly the RLDS church)
• The Church of Jesus Christ (Bickertonite)
• Church of Christ With the Elijah Message