Oružane snage

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Za druge upotrebe pogledajte stranicu Oružane snage (roman).

Zemlje po broju aktivnih vojnika (2009)

Oružane snage, ponekad poznate i pod jedinstvenim nazivom oružana sila, a kolokvijalno kao vojska ili armija, je naziv koji se koristi za društvenu organizaciju ili skup društvenih organizacija oformljenih, obučenih i održavanih u svrhu vođenja rata. U užem smislu se pod oružanim snagama najčešće smatraju vojne formacije osnovane i održavane od strane pojedine države, odnosno profesionalne vojničke institucije. U njih ponekad mogu ulaziti i paravojne formacije, mada se taj izraz često koristi za institucije povezane s ne-državnim entitetima kao što su političke stranke ili pokreti.

U širokoj upotrebi, termini oružane snage i vojska se često tretiraju kao sinonimi, iako se u tehničkoj upotrebi ponekad pravi razlika u kojoj oružane snage neke zemlje mogu uključivati njene vojne i druge paravojne snage. Postoje različiti oblici neregularnih vojnih snaga, koje ne pripadaju priznatoj državi; iako dele mnoge atribute sa redovnim vojnim snagama, ređe se nazivaju jednostavno vojnim.

Vojska neke nacije može da funkcioniše kao diskretna društvena subkultura, sa namenskom infrastrukturom kao što su vojni stanovi, škole, komunalije, logistika, bolnice, pravne usluge, proizvodnja hrane, finansije i bankarske usluge. Osim ratovanja, vojska može biti zaposlena na dodatnim sankcionisanim i nesankcionisanim funkcijama u državi, uključujući pretnje unutrašnje bezbednosti, kontrolu stanovništva, promociju političke agende, hitne službe i rekonstrukciju, zaštitu korporativnih ekonomskih interesa, društvene ceremonije i nacionalne počasne straže.[1]

Profesija vojnika kao deo vojske starija je od same zabeležene istorije.[2] Neke od najtrajnijih slika klasične antike prikazuju moć i podvige njenih vojskovođa. Bitka kod Kadeša 1274. p. n. e. bila je jedna od ključnih tačaka vladavine faraona Ramzesa II, a njegovi spomenici je obeležavaju u vajarskom reljefu. Hiljadu godina kasnije, prvi car ujedinjene Kine, Ćin Ši Huang, bio je toliko odlučan da impresionira bogove svojom vojnom moći da je sebe sahranio sa vojskom vojnika od terakote.[3] Rimljani su posvetili značajnu pažnju vojnim pitanjima, ostavljajući potomstvu mnoge rasprave i spise na tu temu, kao i mnoge raskošno izrezbarene slavoluke i pobedničke stubove.

Istorija[uredi | uredi izvor]

Glavni članak: Vojna istorija
Starogrčki ratnik pokazuje efikasnost savremenih režima fizičkog treninga. Riače bronza, oko 450. p. n. e.

Vojna istorija se često smatra istorijom svih sukoba, a ne samo istorijom državne vojske. Ona se donekle razlikuje od istorije rata, pri čemu se vojna istorija fokusira na ljude i institucije ratovanja, dok se istorija rata fokusira na evoluciju samog rata suočenu sa promenom tehnologije, vlada i geografije.

Vojna istorija ima nekoliko aspekata. Jedan glavni aspekt je učenje iz prošlih dostignuća i grešaka, kako bi se efikasnije vodio rat u budućnosti. Drugi je da se stvori osećaj vojne tradicije, koji se koristi za stvaranje kohezivnih vojnih snaga. Ona isto može imati za svrhu izučavanje efikasnijeg sprečavanja ratova. Ljudsko znanje o vojsci je u velikoj meri zasnovano na zabeleženoj i usmenoj istoriji vojnih sukoba (rata), vojski i mornarica zemalja učesnica i, u novije vreme, vazduhoplovnih snaga.[4]

Vidi još[uredi | uredi izvor]

Reference[uredi | uredi izvor]

  1. ^ Jordan, David; Kiras, James D.; Lonsdale, David J.; Speller, Ian; Tuck, Christopher; Walton, C. Dale (2016). Understanding modern warfare (Second izd.). Cambridge University Press. str. 66. ISBN 978-1107134195. 
  2. ^ Mark, Joshua J. (2. 9. 2009). „War in Ancient Times”. World History Encyclopedia. 
  3. ^ Terra cotta of massed ranks of Qin Shi Huang's terra cotta soldiers
  4. ^ Morillo, Stephen, F. Pavkovic, Michael (2006). What is Military History? (1 izd.). Cambridge: Polity Press. str. 2, 6—7. ISBN 0-7456-3390-0. 

Literatura[uredi | uredi izvor]

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Spoljašnje veze[uredi | uredi izvor]

Oružane snage na Vikimedijinoj ostavi.
Preuzeto iz „https://sr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Оружане_снаге&oldid=27673993”