Plaka

Plaka
Πλάκα
Plaka; Πλάκα
susedstvo
	Tipične kuće
	; Plaka unutar Atine
	Koordinate: 37° 58′ 20″ N 23° 43′ 50″ E / 37.97222° S; 23.73056° I
država	Grčka
region	Atika
grad	Atina
Veb-sajt	www.cityofathens.gr

Plaka (grč. Πλάκα) je staro istorijsko naselje Atine, grupisano oko severnih i istočnih padina Akropolja, i obuhvata lavirintske ulice i neoklasičnu arhitekturu. Plaka je izgrađena na vrhu stambenih oblasti drevnog grada Atine. Poznato je kao „Komšiluk bogova“ zbog blizine Akropolja i mnogih arheoloških nalazišta. ^[1] ^[2]

Ime[uredi | uredi izvor]

Ime Plaka nije bilo u upotrebi sve do posle grčkog rata za nezavisnost. Umesto toga, Atinjani tog vremena su to područje nazivali različitim imenima kao što su Alikoku, Kontito ili Kandili, ili nazivima lokalnih crkava. ^[3] Ime Plaka postalo je uobičajeno u prvim godinama vladavine kralja Otona. Poreklo imena je neizvesno: pretpostavlja se da potiče od arvanite Pliak Atena, što znači 'Stara Atina', od albanskog plak 'stara', ^[4] ^[5] ^[6] ^[7] ili od prisustva ploča (grč. πλακα) koja je nekada označavala njenu centralnu raskrsnicu. ^[8] ^[9]

Lokacija[uredi | uredi izvor]

Plaka se nalazi na severoistočnoj padini Akropolja, između Sintagme i trga Monastiraki. Ulica Adrianou (koja ide severno i južno) je najveća i najcentralnija ulica u Plaki i deli je na dve oblasti: gornji nivo, - Ano Plaka - koji se nalazi odmah ispod Akropolja i donji nivo - Kato Plaka - koji se nalazi između Sintagme i Monastirakija.

Istorija[uredi | uredi izvor]

Plaka je razvijena uglavnom oko ruševina antičke Agore u Atini u oblasti koja je bila kontinuirano naseljena od antike. Tokom godina osmanske vladavine, Plaka je bila poznata kao „turska četvrt Atine“, ^[10] i sedište turskog vojvode (guvernera). Tokom grčkog rata za nezavisnost, Plaku, kao i ostatak Atine, njeni stanovnici su privremeno napustili zbog teških bitaka koje su se odigrale 1826. Oblast je ponovo naseljena tokom prvih godina vladavine kralja Otona. Plaka je imala značajnu zajednicu Arvanita do kasnog 19. veka, što je navelo neke da je nazivaju Arvanitskom četvrti Atine. ^[11] ^[12] ^[13] U istom periodu naselje Anafiotika, sa tradicionalnom kikladskom arhitekturom, izgradili su doseljenici sa egejskog ostrva Anafi. ^[14]

Godine 1884. požar je izgoreo veliki deo naselja, što je dalo priliku arheolozima da sprovedu iskopavanja u Rimskoj pijaci i Hadrijanovoj biblioteci. Od 19. veka kontinuirano se vrše iskopavanja.

Moderno naselje[uredi | uredi izvor]

Plaku posećuju stotine hiljada turista tokom godine, ^[15] i pod strogim je zonskim i konzervacionim propisima, kao jedino naselje u Atini gde se nalaze svi komunalni sistemi (voda, struja, kablovska televizija, telefon, internet i kanalizacija) pod zemljom u potpuno pristupačnom tunelu po meri.

Muzeji u Plaki uključuju:

Muzej Akropolja
Muzej Atinskog univerziteta
Muzej Frisira
Jevrejski muzej Grčke ^[16]
Muzej grčke narodne umetnosti, čiji je aneks zgrada Starog javnog kupatila
Muzej grčkih narodnih muzičkih instrumenata
Muzej Pavlosa i Aleksandre Kanelopulu

Galerija[uredi | uredi izvor]

Horagijski spomenik Lizikratu
Stari rimski stubovi
Pozorište "Karolos Koun".
Muzej Atinskog univerziteta
Polignotou ulica
Neoklasične kuće
Detalj zgrade
Vizantijska crkva Agios Nikolaos Ragava
Vila Benizelos
Tipična prodavnica suvenira

Reference[uredi | uredi izvor]

^ City spaces - tourist places: urban tourism precincts By Bruce Hayllar, Tony Griffin, Deborah Edwards page 31 :” Plaka the neighborhood of the Gods...Located at the base of the hill of Acropolis Plaka is the oldest district in Athens.”
^ «Στης Πλάκας τις ανηφοριές...Tα ιδιαίτερα έθιμα, οι γραφικοί τύποι, οι παραδοσιακές ταβέρνες στη γειτονιά του κεφιού και της διασκέδασης» Tου Kώστα Xατζιώτη Ιστορικού, Κυριακή 23 Ιουνίου 1996 Καθημερινή :” Πλάκα η συνοικία των Θεών, όπως την αποκαλούσαν παλαιότερα την γειτονιά που απλώνεται γύρω από τον Ιερό βράχο της Ακρόπολις..”“Plaka, the “neighborhoud of the Gods” as it was called few years ago, the neighborhood that lies around the sacred rock of Acropolis”
^ Kostas Mpiri, Place names of Athens, 1946 :” Local Athenians, as we can see from the written evidence, didn't call the area as Plaka. All the source of Athenian historiography, which mention neighborhoods of the city, refer to this area with the names of Alikokou, Kontito, Kandili and with the Churches it included (Kωστα Μπιρη,Τοπωνυμικα των Αθηνων,1946 :”Οι γηγενείς Αθηναίοι δεν εσυνηθιζαν ,όπως φαίνεται από τα γραπτά μνημεία ,να την ονομάζουν έτσι. Οσες πηγές της Αθηναιογραφιας ,εως την εποχή του Όθωνος ,αναφέρουν συνοικίες της πόλεως ,ονομάζουν αυτήν την περιοχήν με τα ονόματα Αλικόκου,Κοντιτό,Κανδήλι,και με τις ενορίες που περιλάμβανε.”)
^ Facaros, Dana; Theodoru, Linda (2008). Peloponnese & Athens. Cadogan Guides. str. 90. ISBN 978-1-86011-396-3. Pristupljeno 2010-06-03. :
^ Karidis, Dimitris N. (2014). Athens from 1456 to 1920 : the town under Ottoman rule and the 19th-century capital city. Archaeopress. Oxford. str. 61. ISBN 1-78491-072-4. OCLC 976023576.
^ Athens. Singapore: Insight. 1993. str. 141. ISBN 0395663067.
^ Summer, Amanda (2015). 100 Places in Greece Every Woman Should Go. Travelers' Tales. ISBN 1-60952-108-0. OCLC 942843258.
^ Rossiter, Stuart: Blue Guide Athens; 2nd ed. 1981, p. 100
^ Athens: a cultural and literary history By Michael Llewellyn Smith page 137 :”The Plaka proper was the small area near the monument of Lysicrates, marked apparently by a stone slab (plaka) at the junction of Tripodon, Adrianou and Kydathinaion streets.”
^ Ancient marbles to American shores: Classical archaeology in the United states. by Stephen L Dyson Chapter 5 The American school of Classical studies at Athens page 181 : “The Plaka, the picturesque Turkish quarter of Athens, had developed over the ruins of ancient Agorra”
^ Jebb, Sir Richard Claverhouse; Todd, Robert B. (2002). Collected Works of Richard Claverhouse Jebb. Continuum International. str. 65. ISBN 1-85506-933-4. Pristupljeno 2010-06-03.
^ Poulton, Hugh; Taji-Farouki, Suha (1997). Muslim identity and the Balkan State. C Hurst & Co Publishers Ltd. str. 142. ISBN 1-85065-276-7. Pristupljeno 2010-06-03.
^ Davies, Prebendary (July—December 1880). „Contemporary Books (Classical Literature)”. The Contemporary Review. 38: 853. Pristupljeno 2010-06-03. Proverite vrednost paramet(a)ra za datum: |date= (pomoć)
^ City spaces - tourist places: urban tourism precincts By Bruce Hayllar, Tony Griffin, Deborah Edwards page 32:” At its highest point, just under the Acropolis, Plaka contains a 19th century recreated island village settlement. The steep, charming, whitewashed structured of the Anafiotika (migrants from the island of Anafi built the small enclave). and intimate tavernas reflect the architecture of the Aegean.”
^ „Plaka Photo Guide”.
^ „Plaka”. athensglance.com.

Spoljašnje veze[uredi | uredi izvor]

Mediji vezani za članak Plaka na Vikimedijinoj ostavi

[1] City spaces - tourist places: urban tourism precincts By Bruce Hayllar, Tony Griffin, Deborah Edwards page 31 :” Plaka the neighborhood of the Gods...Located at the base of the hill of Acropolis Plaka is the oldest district in Athens.”

[2] «Στης Πλάκας τις ανηφοριές...Tα ιδιαίτερα έθιμα, οι γραφικοί τύποι, οι παραδοσιακές ταβέρνες στη γειτονιά του κεφιού και της διασκέδασης» Tου Kώστα Xατζιώτη Ιστορικού, Κυριακή 23 Ιουνίου 1996 Καθημερινή :” Πλάκα η συνοικία των Θεών, όπως την αποκαλούσαν παλαιότερα την γειτονιά που απλώνεται γύρω από τον Ιερό βράχο της Ακρόπολις..”“Plaka, the “neighborhoud of the Gods” as it was called few years ago, the neighborhood that lies around the sacred rock of Acropolis”

[3] Kostas Mpiri, Place names of Athens, 1946 :” Local Athenians, as we can see from the written evidence, didn't call the area as Plaka. All the source of Athenian historiography, which mention neighborhoods of the city, refer to this area with the names of Alikokou, Kontito, Kandili and with the Churches it included (Kωστα Μπιρη,Τοπωνυμικα των Αθηνων,1946 :”Οι γηγενείς Αθηναίοι δεν εσυνηθιζαν ,όπως φαίνεται από τα γραπτά μνημεία ,να την ονομάζουν έτσι. Οσες πηγές της Αθηναιογραφιας ,εως την εποχή του Όθωνος ,αναφέρουν συνοικίες της πόλεως ,ονομάζουν αυτήν την περιοχήν με τα ονόματα Αλικόκου,Κοντιτό,Κανδήλι,και με τις ενορίες που περιλάμβανε.”)

[4] Facaros, Dana; Theodoru, Linda (2008). Peloponnese & Athens. Cadogan Guides. str. 90. ISBN 978-1-86011-396-3. Pristupljeno 2010-06-03. :

[5] Karidis, Dimitris N. (2014). Athens from 1456 to 1920 : the town under Ottoman rule and the 19th-century capital city. Archaeopress. Oxford. str. 61. ISBN 1-78491-072-4. OCLC 976023576.

[6] Athens. Singapore: Insight. 1993. str. 141. ISBN 0395663067.

[7] Summer, Amanda (2015). 100 Places in Greece Every Woman Should Go. Travelers' Tales. ISBN 1-60952-108-0. OCLC 942843258.

[8] Rossiter, Stuart: Blue Guide Athens; 2nd ed. 1981, p. 100

[9] Athens: a cultural and literary history By Michael Llewellyn Smith page 137 :”The Plaka proper was the small area near the monument of Lysicrates, marked apparently by a stone slab (plaka) at the junction of Tripodon, Adrianou and Kydathinaion streets.”

[10] Ancient marbles to American shores: Classical archaeology in the United states. by Stephen L Dyson Chapter 5 The American school of Classical studies at Athens page 181 : “The Plaka, the picturesque Turkish quarter of Athens, had developed over the ruins of ancient Agorra”

[11] Jebb, Sir Richard Claverhouse; Todd, Robert B. (2002). Collected Works of Richard Claverhouse Jebb. Continuum International. str. 65. ISBN 1-85506-933-4. Pristupljeno 2010-06-03.

[12] Poulton, Hugh; Taji-Farouki, Suha (1997). Muslim identity and the Balkan State. C Hurst & Co Publishers Ltd. str. 142. ISBN 1-85065-276-7. Pristupljeno 2010-06-03.

[13] Davies, Prebendary (July—December 1880). „Contemporary Books (Classical Literature)”. The Contemporary Review. 38: 853. Pristupljeno 2010-06-03. Proverite vrednost paramet(a)ra za datum: |date= (pomoć)

[14] City spaces - tourist places: urban tourism precincts By Bruce Hayllar, Tony Griffin, Deborah Edwards page 32:” At its highest point, just under the Acropolis, Plaka contains a 19th century recreated island village settlement. The steep, charming, whitewashed structured of the Anafiotika (migrants from the island of Anafi built the small enclave). and intimate tavernas reflect the architecture of the Aegean.”

[15] „Plaka Photo Guide”.

[16] „Plaka”. athensglance.com.

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