Fluksus

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Manifest Fluksusa Džordža Masijunasa, 1963.
Izložba posvećana Fluksusu u Poznanju

Fluksus (od latinske reči flux – tečenje) je ime međunarodnog neoavangardnog umetničkog pokreta osnovanog 1962, čiji je cilj povezivanje pripadnika ekstremne avangarde u Evropi i SAD.[1][2] Ova grupa američkih i evropskih likovnih umetnika, pesnika, teatrologa i kompozitora nije posedovala jedinstveni stilski identitet, ali su njene aktivnosti na mnogo načina predstavljale preporod duha dadaizma. Osnovne ideje i stavovi fluksusovaca, zasnovane na antiumetnosti i antiestetici, raznorodne su, a često i kontradiktorne. U pokretu je posebno izražena težnja ka sintezi raznorodnih umetničkih disciplina, brisanju granica između umetnosti kroz raznovrsne akcije i improvizovana intermedijalna događanja. Kao što je primetio jedan od istraživača i tumača ovog pokreta fluksus je kao i Dada nekoherentan i razbijen pokret (...) i o njemu će istorija sačuvati jedino mit, jer je mali broj njegovih manifestacija bio namenjen muzeju.

Fluksus je poznat po eksperimentalnim doprinosima različitim umetničkim medijima i disciplinama i po stvaranju novih umetničkih formi. Ove umetničke forme uključuju intermedije, termin koji je skovao umetnik fluksusa Dik Higins;[3][4][5][6] konceptualnu umetnost, koju je prvi razvio Henri Flint,[7][8] umetnik sporno povezan sa fluksusom; i video umetnost, koju su prvi uveli Nam Džun Pajk i Volf Vostel.[9][10][11] Holandski galerista i likovni kritičar Hari Ruhe opisuje fluksus kao „najradikalniji i najeksperimentalniji umetnički pokret šezdesetih.”[12][13]

Oni su producirali „događaje“, koji su uključivali izvođenja partitura, „Neo-Dada“ muziku buke i vremenski-bazirana dela, kao i konkretnu poeziju, vizuelnu umetnost, urbano planiranje, arhitekturu, dizajn, književnost i izdavaštvo. Mnogi umetnici Fluksusa dele antikomercijalne i antiumetničke senzibilitete. Fluksus se ponekad opisuje kao „intermedija”. Ideje i prakse kompozitora Džona Kejdža imali su veliki uticaj na Fluksus. Posebno, njegova shvatanja da se treba upustiti u umetničko delo bez koncepcije njegovog kraja, i njegovo razumevanje dela kao mesta interakcije između umetnika i publike. Proces stvaranja bio je privilegovan u odnosu na završni proizvod.[14] Još jedan značajan uticaj bile su gotovi predmeti Marsela Dišana, francuskog umetnika koji je bio aktivan u dadaizmu (1916 - oko 1922). Džordž Masijunas, koji se u velikoj meri smatra osnivačem ovog fluidnog pokreta, skovao je ime fluksus 1961. godine kao naziv predloženog časopisa.[15]

U fluksusu su delovali: Džon Kejdž, Jozef Bojs, Džordž Breht, Joko Ono, Nam Džun Pajk, Džordž Mekjunas, Ben Votje, Volf Fostel, Erik Andersen, Robert Filiu, Ken Fridman i drugi. Ne samo da su oni bili raznovrsna zajednica saradnika koji su uticali jedni na druge, već su oni bili uglavnom prijatelji. Oni su zajedno imali ono što su u to vreme bile radikalne ideje o umetnosti i ulozi umetnosti u društvu.[16] Ukrštene zajednice unutar Fluksusa i način na koji se Fluksus razvijao u preklapajućim fazama značilo je da su učesnici imali vrlo različite ideje o tome šta je Fluksus.[17] Osnivač fluksusa Džordž Maciunas predložio je dobro poznati manifest, ali je malo njih smatralo da je Fluksus istinski pokret,[18][19] te stoga manifest nije u velikoj meri usvojen. Umesto toga, niz festivala u Visbadenu, Kopenhagenu, Stokholmu, Amsterdamu, Londonu i Njujorku dao je povoda labavoj, ali snažnoj zajednici sa mnogim sličnim verovanjima. U skladu sa reputacijom koju je fluksus stekao kao forum eksperimentisanja,[12] neki umetnici fluksusa opisivali su fluksus kao laboratoriju.[20][21] Fluksus je odigrao važnu ulogu u proširenju onoga što se smatra umetnošću.[22]

Reference[uredi | uredi izvor]

  1. ^ Nationalencyclopedin (Swedish National Encyclopedia). 2016. "Fluxus." Accessible at: http://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyclopedi/lång/fluxus Arhivirano 23 april 2021 na sajtu Wayback Machine Accessed September 11, 2016.
  2. ^ Wainwright, Lisa S. 2016. "Fluxus." Britannica Academic (Encyclopedia Britannica Online).
  3. ^ Higgins, Dick. 1966. "Intermedia." Something Else Newsletter. Vol. 1, No. 1, February, pp. 1–3.
  4. ^ Higgins, Dick. 2001. "Intermedia" Multimedia: From Wagner to Virtual Reality. Randall Packer and Ken Jordan, eds. New York: W.W. Norton and Co., pp. 27–32.
  5. ^ Higgins, Dick. 1984. Horizons: The Poetics and Theory of the Intermedia. Carbondale and Edwardsville: Southern Illinois University Press
  6. ^ Hannah B Higgins,"The Computational Word Works of Eric Andersen and Dick Higgins", Mainframe Experimentalism: Early Digital Computing in the Experimental Arts, Hannah Higgins, & Douglas Kahn, eds., pp. 271–281
  7. ^ Flynt, Henry. 1961. "Concept Art: Innperseqs." Reprinted in 1963: An Anthology. La Monte Young, ed. New York: Jackson Mac Low and La Monte Young, np.
  8. ^ Flynt, Henry. 1963. "Essay: Concept Art: Provisional Version." An Anthology. La Monte Young, ed. New York: Jackson Mac Low and La Monte Young, np.
  9. ^ Paik, Nam June. 1993. Nam June Paik: eine Data Base. La Biennale di Venezia. XLV Esposizione lnternazionale D’Arte, June 13 – October 10, 1993. Klaus Bussmann and Florian Matzner, eds. Venice and Berlin: Biennale di Venezia and Edition Cantz.
  10. ^ Hanhardt, John and Ken Hakuta. 2012. Nam June Paik: Global Visionary. London and Washington, D.C.: D. Giles, Ltd., in association with the Smithsonian American Art Museum.
  11. ^ Fundacio Joan Miro. 1979. Vostell. Environments Pintura Happenings Dibuixos Video de 1958 a 1978. Barcelona: Fundacio Joan Miro.
  12. ^ a b Ruhé, Harry. 1979. Fluxus, the Most Radical and Experimental Art Movement of the Sixties Amsterdam: Editions Galerie A.
  13. ^ Ruhé, Harry. 1999. "Introduction." 25 Fluxus Stories Amsterdam: Tuja Books, p. 4.
  14. ^ „Fluxus Movement, Artists and Major Works”. Arhivirano iz originala 19. 10. 2015. g. Pristupljeno 2015-10-06. 
  15. ^ Armstrong, Elizabeth (1993). In the Spirit of Fluxus. Minneapolis: The Occasion of the Exhibition. str. 24. ISBN 9780935640403. 
  16. ^ Zurbrugg, Nicholas. 1990. “A Spirit of Large Goals.” – Dada and Fluxus at Two Speeds. Fluxus! Nicholas Zurbrugg, Francesco Conz, and Nicholas Tsoutas, eds. Brisbane, Australia: Institute of Modern Art, p. 29.
  17. ^ Smith, Owen F. 1998. Fluxus: The History of an Attitude. San Diego: San Diego State University Press.
  18. ^ Higgins, Dick. 1992. "Fluxus: Theory and Reception." Lund Art Press, Vol II, No 2, pp. 25–46.
  19. ^ Higgins, Dick. 1998. "Fluxus: Theory and Reception." The Fluxus Reader, Ken Friedman, ed. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley Academy Editions, pp. 218–236.
  20. ^ Friedman, Ken. 2011. “Fluxus: A Laboratory of Ideas.” Fluxus and the Essential Qualities of Life. Jacquelynne Baas, editor. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, p.35.
  21. ^ Friedman, Ken. 2012. “Freedom? Nothingness? Time? Fluxus and the Laboratory of Ideas.” Theory, Culture, and Society. Vol. 29, No. 7/8, December, pp. 372–398. . doi:10.1177/0263276412465440.  Nedostaje ili je prazan parametar |title= (pomoć)
  22. ^ Tate Gallery. "Nam June Paik. Fluxus, Performance, Participation." Tate Online. Accessible at: http://www.tate.org.uk/whats-on/exhibition/nam-june-paik/nam-june-paik-room-guide/nam-june-paik-section-2 Arhivirano 4 mart 2016 na sajtu Wayback Machine Accessed September 15, 2016.

Литература[uredi | uredi izvor]

  • Флуксус (избор текстова), Музеј савремене уметности, Београд, 1986;
  • Jürgen Becker, Wolf Vostell, Happenings, Fluxus, Pop Art, Nouveau Réalisme. Eine Dokumentation. Rowohlt Verlag, Reinbek 1965.
  • Happening & Fluxus. Kölnischer Kunstverein, 1970.
  • Harry Ruhé, Fluxus, The most radical and experimental art movement of the sixties. Verlag A, Amsterdam, 1979.
  • Baas, Jacquelynn, Friedman, Ken Fluxus and the Essential Questions of Life. Chicago and Hanover, NH: University of Chicago Press and Hood Museum of Art, (2011) ISBN 978-022-60335-9-4.
  • Bernstein, Roslyn, and Shael Shapiro. Illegal Living: 80 Wooster Street and the Evolution of SoHo (Jonas Mekas Foundation), www.illegalliving.com ISBN 978-609-95172-0-9, September 2010.
  • Block, René, ed. 1962 Wiesbaden Fluxus 1982. Wiesbaden: Harlekin Art, Museum Wiesbaden, and Nassauischer Kunstverein, 1982.
  • Clay, Steve, and Ken Friedman, eds. Intermedia, Fluxus and the Something Else Press: Selected Writings by Dick Higgins. Catskill: NY: Siglio Press, (2018) ISBN 978-1-938221-20-0.
  • Der Traum von Fluxus. George Maciunas: Eine Künstlerbiographie. Thomas Kellein, Walther König, (2007) ISBN 978-3-8656-0228-2.
  • Fluxus und Freunde: Sammlung Maria und Walter Schnepel, Katalog zur Ausstellung Neues Museum Weserburg Bremen; Fondazione Morra, Napoli; Kunst Museum Bonn 2002.
  • Friedman, Ken, ed. The Fluxus Reader. Chicester, West Sussex and New York: Academy Editions, 1998.
  • Gray, John. Action Art. A Bibliography of Artists’ Performance from Futurism to Fluxus and Beyond. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1993.
  • Haskell, Barbara. BLAM! The Explosion of Pop, Minimalism and Performance 1958–1964. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. in association with the Whitney Museum of American Art, 1984.
  • Hansen, Al, and Beck Hansen. Playing with Matches. RAM USA, 1998.
  • Hapgood, Susan, and Cornelia Lauf. FluxAttitudes. Ghent: Imschoot Uitgevers, 1991.
  • Held, John Jr. Mail Art: an Annotated Bibliography. Metuchen, New Jersey and London: The Scarecrow Press, Inc., 1991.
  • Held, John Jr. Where the Secret is Hidden: Collected Essays Breda: TAM-Publications Netherlands, 2011.
  • Hendricks, Geoffrey, ed. Critical Mass, Happenings, Fluxus, Performance, Intermedia and Rutgers University 1958–1972. Mason Gross Art Galleries, Rutgers, and Mead Art Gallery, Amherst, 2003.
  • Hendricks, Jon, ed. Fluxus, etc.: The Gilbert and Lila Silverman Collection. Bloomfield Hills, Michigan: Cranbrook Museum of Art, 1982.
  • Higgins, Hannah. Fluxus Experience. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002.
  • Janssen, Ruud. Mail-Interviews Part-1 Interviews with Mail-Art and Fluxus Artists. Breda: TAM-Publications, Netherlands 2008.
  • Kellein, Thomas. Fluxus. London and New York: Thames and Hudson, 1995.
  • Milman, Estera, ed. Fluxus: A Conceptual Country, Visible Language [Special Issue], Vol. 26, Nos. 1/2, Providence: Rhode Island School of Design, 1992.
  • Fluxus y Di Maggio. Museo Vostell Malpartida, (1998) ISBN 84-7671-446-7.
  • Moren, Lisa. Intermedia. Baltimore, Maryland: University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 2003.
  • Paull, Silke, and Hervé Würz, eds. "How We Met or a Microdemystification". AQ 16 [Special Issue], (1977)
  • Phillpot, Clive, and Jon Hendricks, eds. Fluxus: Selections from the Gilbert and Lila Silverman Collection. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1988.
  • Saper, Craig J. Networked Art. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2001.
  • Schmidt-Burkhardt, Astrit. Maciunas’ Learning Machines: From Art History to a Chronology of Fluxus, with a foreword by Jon Hendricks. Second, revised and enlarged edition, Vienna and New York: Springer, (2011) ISBN 978-3-7091-0479-8.
  • Smith, Owen. Fluxus: The History of an Attitude. San Diego State University Press, San Diego, California, 1998.
  • Nie wieder störungsfrei! Aachen Avantgarde seit 1964, Kerber Verlag, (2011) ISBN 978-3-86678-602-8.
  • Fluxus at 50. Stefan Fricke, Alexander Klar, Sarah Maske, Kerber Verlag, (2012) ISBN 978-3-86678-700-1.
  • Fluxus! 50 Jahre Fluxus. Werner Esser, Steffen Engle, Staatsgalerie Stuttgart, (2012) ISBN 978-3-86442-032-0.
  • Stegmann, Petra, ed. 'The lunatics are on the loose…' European Fluxus festivals 1962–1977. Down with art! Berlin (2012) ISBN 978-3-9815579-0-9.
  • Stegmann, Petra, ed. Fluxus East. Fluxus-Netzwerke in Mittelosteuropa. Fluxus Networks in Central Eastern Europe. Künstlerhaus Bethanien, Berlin (2007) ISBN 978-3932754876.
  • Würz, Fleurice (2011). Fluxus Nice. Saarbrücken (Germany): AQ-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-922441-11-3. 
  • Beuys Brock Vostell. Aktion Demonstration Partizipation 1949–1983. ZKM – Zentrum für Kunst und Medientechnologie, Hatje Cantz, Karlsruhe, (2014) ISBN 978-3-7757-3864-4.
  • Armstrong, Elizabeth, and Simon Anderson, eds. In The Spirit Of Fluxus. Minneapolis: Walker Art Center, 1993.
  • Hendricks, Jon. Fluxus Codex. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. 1989.
  • Higgins, Dick. 1966. "Intermedia." Something Else Newsletter. Vol. 1, No. 1.
  • Kellein, Thomas, and Jon Hendricks (1995). Fluxus. London: Thames & Hudson.
  • O'Dell, Kathy (1997). „Fluxus Feminus”. The Drama Review. 41 (1): 43—60. JSTOR 1146571. doi:10.2307/1146571. 
  • Oren, Michel (1993). „Anti-Art as the End of Cultural History”. Performing Arts Journal. 15 (2): 1—30. JSTOR 3245708. S2CID 195053017. doi:10.2307/3245708. 
  • Robinson, Julia. 2005. George Brecht Events: A Heterospective. Cologne: Museum Ludwig and Bucchandlung Walther Koenig.
  • Rush, Michael. 2005. New Media in Art. London: Thames & Hudson.
  • Smith, Owen. 1998. Fluxus: The History of an Attitude. San Diego: San Diego State University Press
  • Williams, Emmett, and Ann Noel, eds. Mr. Fluxus: A Collective Portrait of George Maciunas. London: Thames and Hudson, 1997.
  • Zanichelli, Elena. Women In Fluxus & Other Experimental Tales: Eventi Partiture Performance.

Spoljašnje veze[uredi | uredi izvor]

Fluksus na Vikimedijinoj ostavi.
Preuzeto iz „https://sr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Флуксус&oldid=27553316”