Едвард Ли Торндајк

Едвард Ли Тордајк
Име по рођењу	Edward Lee Thorndike
Датум рођења	31 август, 1874.(1874-08-31)
Мјесто рођења	Вилијамсбург, Масачусетс  САД
Датум смрти	9 август, 1949.(1949-08-09) (74 год.)
Мјесто смрти	Монтроуз, Њујорк  САД
Занимање	психолог, професор

Едвард Ли Тордајк (енгл. Edward Lee Thorndike; 1874 – 1949) био је амерички психолог и професор на Учитељском факултету Универзитета Колумбија (Teachers College, Columbia University). Дао је значајан допринос у области компаративне психологије и изучавања процеса учења што је омогућило утемељење педагошке психологије. Заједно са Робертом Вудвортом творац је теорије идентичних елемената.

Научни часопис Review of General Psychology чији је издавач Америчко удружење психолога је Торндајка рангирао као деветог најцитиранијег психолога двадесетог века. Едвард Ли Торндајк и Иван Павлов сматрају се пионирима изучавања феномена понашања на анималним моделима.

Торндајк је у оквиру своје докторске тезе представио теорију учења како би указао на улогу искуства у успостављању везе између одговора на стимулус и процеса учења (конекционизам). Описао је свој екперимент којим је указао на принцип учења путем слепих покушаја и случајног успеха. Гладну мачку затворио је у кавез са системом полуге за отварање врата испред кога је оставио храну. Мачка је покушавала да изађе провлачењем без успеха, а свој бес неуспехом испољавала је скакањем по кавезу све док случајно није додирнула полугу за излаз. У сваком наредном понављању експеримента број случајних покушаја код мачке био је мањи што је указало на поступност у учењу на основу покушаја и грешака.

Изабрани радови

• Educational Psychology (1903)
• Introduction to the Theory of Mental and Social Measurements (1904)
• The Elements of Psychology (1905)
• Animal Intelligence (1911)
• Edward L. Thorndike. (1999) [1913], Education Psychology: briefer course, New York: Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-21011-9 
• The Teacher's Word Book (1921)
• The Psychology of Arithmetic (1922)
• The Measurement of Intelligence (1927)
• Human Learning (1931)
• A Teacher's Word Book of the Twenty Thousand Words Found Most Frequently and Widely in General Reading for Children and Young People (1932)
• The Fundamentals of Learning (1932)
• The Psychology of Wants, Interests, and Attitudes (1935)
• The Teacher's Word Book of 30,000 Words (co-authored with Irving Lorge) (1944)

Публикације

• "Some Experiments on Animal Intelligence," Science, Vol. VII, January/June, 1898.
• "Do Fishes Remember?," Science, New Series, Vol. 11, No. 268, February 16, 1900.
• "Mental Fatigue," The Psychological Review, Vol. VII, 1900.
• "Judgements of Magnitude by Comparison with a Mental Standard," with R. S. Woodworth, The Psychological Review, Vol. VII, 1900.
• "Adaptation in Vision," Science, New Series, Vol. 14, No. 345, August 9, 1901.
• "Psychology in Secondary Schools," The School Review, Vol. 10, No. 2, February 1902.
• "The Careers of Scholarly Men in America," The Century Magazine, May 1903.
• "Measurement of Twins," The Journal of Philosophy, Psychology and Scientific Methods, Vol. 2, No. 20, September 28, 1905.
• "An Empirical Study of College Entrance Examinations," Science, New Series, Vol. 23, No. 596, June 1, 1906.
• "Sex and Education," The Bookman, Vol. XXIII, March/August 1906.
• "Education," The Bookman, October 1906.
• "The Mental Antecedents of Voluntary Movements," The Journal of Philosophy, Psychology and Scientific Methods, Vol. 4, No. 2, January 17, 1907.
• "On the Function of Visual Images," The Journal of Philosophy, Psychology and Scientific Methods, Vol. 4, No. 12, June 6, 1907.
• "The Effect of Practice in the Case of a Purely Intellectual Function," The American Journal of Psychology, Vol. 19, No. 3, July 1908.
• "A Note on the Specialization of Mental Functions with Varying Content," The Journal of Philosophy, Psychology and Scientific Methods, Vol. 6, No. 9, April 29, 1909.
• "Collegiate Instruction," Science, New Series, Vol. 31, No. 794, March 18, 1910.
• "Repeaters in the Upper Grammar Grades," The Elementary School Teacher, Vol. 10, No. 9, May, 1910.
• "The Relation between Memory for Words and Memory for Numbers, and the Relation between Memory over Short and Memory over Long Intervals," The American Journal of Psychology, Vol. 21, No. 3, July 1910.
• "Practice in the Case of Addition," The American Journal of Psychology, Vol. 21, No. 3, July 1910.
• "Testing the Results of the Teaching of Science," The Mathematics Teacher, Vol. 3, No. 4, June 1911.
• "A Scale for Measuring the Merit of English Writing," Science, New Series, Vol. 33, No. 859, June 16, 1911.
• "The Measurement of Educational Products," The School Review, Vol. 20, No. 5, May, 1912.
• "Educational Diagnosis," Science, New Series, Vol. 37, No. 943, January 24, 1913.
• "Notes on the Significance and Use of the Hillegas Scale for Measuring the Quality of English Composition," The English Journal, Vol. 2, No. 9, November 1913.
• "An Experiment in Grading Problems in Algebra," The Mathematics Teacher, Vol. 6, No. 3, March 1914.
• "The Failure of Equalizing Opportunity to Reduce Individual Differences," Science, New Series, Vol. 40, No. 1038, November 20, 1914.
• "The Form of the Curve of Practice in the Case of Addition," The American Journal of Psychology, Vol. 26, No. 2, April 1915.
• "The Resemblance of Young Twins in Handwriting," The American Naturalist, Vol. 49, No. 582, June 1915.
• "Notes on Practice, Improvability, and the Curve of Work," The American Journal of Psychology, Vol. 27, No. 4, October 1916.
• "On the Function of Visual Imagery and its Measurement from Individual Reports," The Journal of Philosophy, Psychology and Scientific Methods, Vol. 14, No. 14, July 5, 1917.
• "The Understanding of Sentences: A Study of Errors in Reading," The Elementary School Journal, Vol. 18, No. 2, October 1917.
• "Reliability and Significance of Tests of Intelligence," The Journal of Educational Psychology, Vol. XI, 1920.
• "The Psychology of the Equation," The Mathematics Teacher, Vol. 15, No. 3, March 1922.
• "A Note on the Failure of Educated Persons to Understand Simple Geometrical Facts," The Mathematics Teacher, Vol. 14, No. 8, December 1921.
• "The Psychology of Problem Solving," Part II, The Mathematics Teacher, Vol. 15, No. 4, April, 1922; Vol. 15, No. 5, May 1922.
• "The Nature of Algebraic Abilities," Part II, The Mathematics Teacher, Vol. 15, No. 1, January 1922; Vol. 15, No. 2, February 1922.
• "The Strength of the Mental Connections Formed in Algebra," The Mathematics Teacher, Vol. 15, No. 6, October 1922.
• "The Constitution of Algebraic Abilities," The Mathematics Teacher, Vol. 15, No. 7, November 1922.
• "The Teachable Age," The Survey, April 1, 1928.
• "Instinct," in Biological Lectures From The Marine Biological Laboratory of Woods Holl, 1899.
• "The Associative Processes in Animals," in Biological Lectures From The Marine Biological Laboratory of Woods Holl, 1899.

Литература

• Curti, Merle. The Social Ideas of American Educators (1935) pp 459–98
• Hergenhahn, B.R.; Olson, Matthew H. (2005), An Introduction to the Theories of Learning, Pearson Education, ISBN 978-81-317-2056-1 .
• Hergenhahn, B.R. (2009), An Introduction to the History of Psychology, Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, ISBN 978-0-495-50621-8 .
• Joncich, Geraldine (1968), The Sane Positivist: A Biography of Edward L. Thorndike, Wesleyan University Press, LCCN 68-27542 .
• Thorndike, Edward (1932), The Fundamentals of Learning, AMS Press Inc., ISBN 978-0-404-06429-7 .
• Kentridge, Robert (2005), Edward Thorndike, puzzle-boxes, and the law of effect, University of Durham .
• Dewey, Russ (2007), The Search for Laws of Learning, www.psywww.com .
• Cooper, Sunny (2009), Theories of Learning in Educational Psychology, www.lifecircles-inc.com, Архивирано из оригинала на датум 2011-06-29 .
• Esterhill, Frank J. (2000), Interlingua Institute: A History, Interlingua Institute, ISBN 978-0-917848-02-5 .
• Lynn, Richard (2001), Eugenics: A Reassessment, Praeger, ISBN 978-0-275-95822-0 .
• Saettler, L. Paul (2004), Evolution of American Educational Technology, IAP, ISBN 978-1-59311-139-7 .
• Thorndike, Edward Lee (1911), Animal Intelligence, Macmillan .
• Darity, William A. (2008), International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, Gale, ISBN 978-0-02-865965-7 .
• Zimmerman, Barry J.; Schunk, Dale H. (2003), Educational Psychology: A Century of Contributions, Lawrence Erlbaum Associate, ISBN 978-0-8058-3682-0 .
• Goodenough, Florence L. (1950).Edward Lee Thorndike: 1874-1949. The American Journal of Psychology. 63, 291-301.
• Woodworth, R. S. (1950). "Edward Thorndike 1874-1949". Science, New Series. 111(2880): 251. JSTOR 1676976

Спољашње везе

• Едвард Ли Торндајк на сајту Пројекат Гутенберг (на језику: енглески)
• Едвард Ли Торндајк на сајту Internet Archive (на језику: енглески)
• Едвард Ли Торндајк на сајту LibriVox (на језику: енглески)
• Works by Edward L. Thorndike, at Hathi Trust
• Edward Thorndike biography
• Classics in the history of Psychology - Animal Intelligence by Thorndike
• Edward L. Thorndike at www.nwlink.com
• Thorndike, E. L. (1913). Educational Psychology Volume II: The Psychology of Learning. NY: Teacher College.