Хипатија — разлика између измена

Хипатија
Хипатија
	Хипатија ; Детаљ са Рафаелове слике Атинска школа
Лични подаци
Датум рођења	око 370.
Место рођења	Александрија,
Датум смрти	око 415.
Место смрти	Александрија,
Научни рад
Поље	математика, астрономија

Интерактиван преглед историје

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Верзија на датум 16. јул 2019. у 04:18

Хипатија из Александрије (грч. Ὑπατία,^[2]^[3]^[4] око 370—415)^[1]^[5] је била грчка^[6] научница, прва историјски позната жена која се бавила математиком, астрономијом и филозофијом.^[7]

Биографија

О Хипатијиној репутацији математичарке и филозофкиње сазнајемо из три извора: од Сократа, константинопољског историчара из 5. века, на основу одломака из лексикона-енциклопедије грчких писаца око 11. века, и из списа цариградског патријарха Фотија из 9. века. Ништа од њених списа није сачувано и мало се с поузданошћу зна о њеном животу; стари извештаји су често нејасни и у нескладу, осим у погледу драматичног начина на који је изгубила живот; догађаја који је, без сумње, утицао на то да њено име остане упамћено.

Хипатијин отац, Теон, био је математичар и астроном при музеју у Александрији. Хипатија је, вероватно, тамо стекла образовање које је укључивало математику и астрономију, као и обуку у неоплатоничарској школи. Сматра се да је написала књиге из математике које су садржале коментаре на Конусне пресеке Аполонија из Перга, као и коментаре Диофанта. Подучавала је астрономији и математици, као и филозофским учењима Платона и Аристотела. Предавала је у Александрији, а међу њеним ученицима је био и Синесије, каснији епископ у Птолемаису, који је писао о Хипатијином знању механике и технике демонстрираном када му је помагала да осмисли хидрометар и сребрни астролаб.

За време Хипатијиног живота Римско царство је прелазило на хришћанство и Александрија је била у стању опасне конфузије и сукобљених идеја. Иако се стари писци не слажу у погледу разлога за њено убиство, изгледа да има консензуса о томе да је Хипатију напала гомила и убила. Један од разлога који се наводе за ово насиље јесте да су њу као неоплатонисту фанатичнији хришћани сматрали опасном. Други извори сматрају да је она била близак пријатељ Ореста, римског префекта у Египту који је такође био њен бивши ученик, да се он веома ослањао на њен суд, а да се она нашла усред политичке борбе.

Напад на Хипатију се десио 415. године на улицама Александрије. Разбеснела руља присталица александријског патријарха Кирила, предвођена Петром Читачем, скинула ју је са кола у пролазу, свукла је до гола, одвукла до оближње цркве и дивљачки искасапила. Инспиратор овог мучног злочина, патријарх Кирил, већ је био познат по антисемитизму кроз организовања погрома александријских Јевреја, а у спору са патријархом Несторијем на сабору у Ефесу 431. године успео је да издејствује за свог противника општу анатему и проглашавање за јеретика.^[8]

Референце

^ ^а ^б Petta, Adriano; Colavito, Antonino (2009). Hypatia, scientist of Alexandria, 8th March 415 A.D. Lampi di stampa.
^ „Hypatia”. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. 2015.
^ „Hypatia”. Collins English Dictionary. HarperCollins Publishers. 2015.
^ „Hypatia”. Oxford Dictionaries. Oxford University Press. 2015.
^ O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F. „Hypatia of Alexandria”. MacTutor History of Mathematics archive. University of St Andrews.
^ Grinstein 1987.
^ Krebs, Groundbreaking Scientific Experiments, Inventions, and Discoveries; The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy, 2nd edition, Cambridge University Press, 1999: "Greek Neoplatonist philosopher who lived and taught in Alexandria."
^ Љубомир Кљакић, Ослобађање историје I, Београд, 1993

Литература

Grinstein, Louise S. (1987). Women of mathematics: a biobibliographic sourcebook. Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-24849-8.
Александар М. Петровић, Исписи наслеђа, Нови Сад, 1996.
Сократ Схоластик, Историја цркве, Шибеник, 2002.
Љубомир Кљакић, Ослобађање историје I, Београд, 1993.
David Millar: The Cambridge Dictionary of Scientists, Edition 2, © Syndicate of the Press the University of Cambridge, 2002 (биографски подаци Хипатије)
The Oxford Classical Dictionary, Edited by N. G. L. Hammond, H. H. Scullard. — 2nd Ed.. — Oxford : Oxford University Press, 1992.
Archer, William (јун 2013), The Theatrical World For 1893–1897, HardPress, ISBN 978-1-314-50827-7
Banev, Krastu (2015), Theophilus of Alexandria and the First Origenist Controversy: Rhetoric and Power, Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-872754-5
Belenkiy, Ari (1. 4. 2010), „An astronomical murder?”, Astronomy & Geophysics, 51 (2): 2.9—2.13, Bibcode:2010A&G....51b...9B, doi:10.1111/j.1468-4004.2010.51209.x
Booth, Charlotte (2017), Hypatia: Mathematician, Philosopher, Myth, London, England: Fonthill Media, ISBN 978-1-78155-546-0
Bradley, Michael John (2006), The Birth of Mathematics: Ancient Times to 1300, New York City, New York: Infobase Publishing, ISBN 978-0-8160-5423-7
Bregman, Jay (1982), Brown, Peter, ур., Synesius of Cyrene: Philosopher-Bishop, The Transformation of the Classical Heritage, Berkeley, California: University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-520-04192-9
Cameron, Alan; Long, Jacqueline; Sherry, Lee (1993), Barbarians and Politics at the Court of Arcadius, Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-520-06550-5
Cameron, Alan (2016), „Hypatia: Life, Death, and Works”, Wandering Poets and Other Essays on Late Greek Literature and Philosophy, Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-026894-7
Cohen, Martin (2008), Philosophical Tales: Being an Alternative History Revealing the Characters, the Plots, and the Hidden Scenes that Make Up the True Story of Philosophy, New York City, New York and London, England: Wiley-Blackwell, ISBN 978-1405140379
Curta, Florin; Holt, Andrew (2017), Great Events in Religion: An Encyclopedia of Pivotal Events in Religious History, 1: Prehistory to AD 600, Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, ISBN 978-1-4408-4598-7
Castner, Catherine J. (2010), „Hypatia”, Ур.: Gagarin, Michael; Fantham, Elaine, The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece and Rome, 1: Academy-Bible, Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, стр. 49—51, ISBN 978-0-19-538839-8
Deakin, M. A. B. (1992), „Hypatia of Alexandria” (PDF), History of Mathematics Section, Function, 16 (1): 17—22
Deakin, Michael A. B. (1994), „Hypatia and her mathematics”, American Mathematical Monthly, 101 (3): 234—243, JSTOR 2975600, MR 1264003, doi:10.2307/2975600
Deakin, Michael A. B. (2007), Hypatia of Alexandria: Mathematician and Martyr, Amherst, New York: Prometheus Books, ISBN 978-1-59102-520-7
Deakin, Michael (2012), „Hypatia”, Encyclopædia Britannica
Dzielska, Maria (1996), Hypatia of Alexandria, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, ISBN 978-0-674-43776-0
Dzielska, Maria (2008), „Learned women in the Alexandrian scholarship and society of late Hellenism”, Ур.: el-Abbadi, Mostafa; Fathallah, Omnia Mounir, What Happened to the Ancient Library of Alexandria?, Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, стр. 129—148, ISBN 9789004165458
Edwards, Catharine (1999), Roman Presences: Receptions of Rome in European Culture, 1789-1945, Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-59197-3
Emmer, Michele (2012), Imagine Math: Between Culture and Mathematics, New York City, New York: Springer, ISBN 9788847024274
Engels, David (2009), „Zwischen Philosophie und Religion: Weibliche Intellektuelle in Spätantike und Islam”, Ур.: Groß, Dominik, Gender schafft Wissen, Wissenschaft Gender? Geschlechtsspezifische Unterscheidungen Rollenzuschreibungen im Wandel der Zeit (PDF), Kassel University Press, стр. 97—124, ISBN 978-3-89958-449-3
Haas, Christopher (1997), Alexandria in Late Antiquity: Topography and Social Conflict, Baltimore, Maryland and London, England: The Johns Hopkins University Press, ISBN 978-0-8018-5377-7
Hoche, Richard (јануар 1860), „XV. Hypatia, die tochter Theons”, Philologus (на језику: German), 15 (1–3): 435—474, doi:10.1524/phil.1860.15.13.435
Knorr, Wilbur (1989), „III.11: On Hypatia of Alexandria”, Studies in Ancient and Medieval Geometry, Boston: Birkhäuser, стр. 753—804, ISBN 978-0-8176-3387-5, doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-3690-0_27
Macqueen-Pope, Walter (1948), Haymarket: theatre of perfection, Allen
Mark, Joshua J. (17. 2. 2014), „Historical Accuracy in the Film Agora”, Ancient History Encyclopedia, ancient.eu
Novak, Ralph Martin, Jr. (2010), Christianity and the Roman Empire: Background Texts, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: Bloomsbury Publishing, стр. 239—240, ISBN 978-1-56338-347-2
Oakes, Elizabeth H. (2007), „Hypatia”, Encyclopedia of World Scientists, New York City, New York: Infobase Publishing, стр. 364, ISBN 9781438118826
Pasachoff, Naomi; Pasachoff, Jay M. (2007), „Hypatia”, Ур.: Trimble, Virginia; Williams, Thomas R.; Bracher, Katherine; Jarrell, Richard; Marché, Jordan D.; Ragep, F. Jamil, Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers, New York City, New York: Springer, ISBN 9780387304007
Penella, Robert J. (1984), „When was Hypatia born?”, Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte, 33 (1): 126—128, JSTOR 4435877
Riedweg, Christoph (2005) [2002], Pythagoras: His Life, Teachings, and Influence, Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, ISBN 978-0-8014-7452-1
Rosser, Sue Vilhauser (2008), Women, Science, and Myth: Gender Beliefs from Antiquity to the Present, Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, ISBN 9781598840957
Theodore, Jonathan (2016), The Modern Cultural Myth of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, Manchester, England: Palgrave, Macmillan, ISBN 978-1-137-56997-4
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Walsh, Christine (1. 1. 2007), The Cult of St Katherine of Alexandria in Early Medieval Europe, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., ISBN 978-0-7546-5861-0
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Brakke, David (2018), „Hypatia”, Ур.: Torjesen, Karen; Gabra, Gawdat, Claremont Coptic Encyclopedia, Claremont Graduate University
Cain, Kathleen (пролеће 1986), „Hypatia, the Alexandrian Library, and M.L.S. (Martyr-Librarian Syndrome)”, Community & Junior College Libraries, 4 (3): 35—39, doi:10.1300/J107V04N03_05
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Nietupski, Nancy (1993), „Hypatia of Alexandria: Mathematician, astronomer and philosopher”, Alexandria, Phanes Press, 2: 45—56, ISBN 9780933999978 . See also The Life of Hypatia from The Suda (Jeremiah Reedy, trans.), pp. 57–58, The Life of Hypatia by Socrates Scholasticus from his Ecclesiastical History 7.13, pp. 59–60, and The Life of Hypatia by John, Bishop of Nikiu, from his Chronicle 84.87–103, pp. 61–63.
Parsons, Reuben (1892), „St. Cyril of Alexandria and the Murder of Hypatia”, Some Lies and Errors of History, Notre Dame, Indiana: Office of the "Ave Maria", стр. 44—53
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Teruel, Pedro Jesús (2011), Filosofía y Ciencia en Hipatia (на језику: Spanish), Madrid: Gredos, ISBN 978-84-249-1939-9
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Спољашње везе

International Society for Neoplatonic Studies
Socrates of Constantinople, Ecclesiastical History, VII.15, at the Internet Archive
Socrates of Constantinople, Ecclesiastical History, VII.15 (pp. 760–761), at the Documenta Catholica Omnia

[Colavito-Petta-1] а ^б Petta, Adriano; Colavito, Antonino (2009). Hypatia, scientist of Alexandria, 8th March 415 A.D. Lampi di stampa.

[2] „Hypatia”. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. 2015.

[3] „Hypatia”. Collins English Dictionary. HarperCollins Publishers. 2015.

[4] „Hypatia”. Oxford Dictionaries. Oxford University Press. 2015.

[MacTutorMath-5] O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F. „Hypatia of Alexandria”. MacTutor History of Mathematics archive. University of St Andrews.

[FOOTNOTEGrinstein1987-6] Grinstein 1987.

[7] Krebs, Groundbreaking Scientific Experiments, Inventions, and Discoveries; The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy, 2nd edition, Cambridge University Press, 1999: "Greek Neoplatonist philosopher who lived and taught in Alexandria."

[8] Љубомир Кљакић, Ослобађање историје I, Београд, 1993

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@@ Ред 7: / Ред 7: @@
 | место_рођења = Александрија
 | држава_рођења =
+| датум_смрти = око [[415]].<ref name="Colavito-Petta">{{cite book|ref=harv|last1=Petta|first1=Adriano|last2=Colavito|first2=Antonino|title=Hypatia, scientist of Alexandria, 8th March 415 A.D.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=79OvkQEACAAJ|year=2009|publisher=Lampi di stampa}}</ref>
-| датум_смрти = око [[415]].
 | место_смрти = Александрија
 | држава_смрти =
@@ Ред 18: / Ред 18: @@
 | напомене =
 }}
-'''Хипатија из Александрије''' ({{јез-гр|Ὑπατία}}, око 370—415) је била грчка{{sfn|Grinstein|1987|pp=}} [[жене и наука|научница]], прва историјски позната жена која се бавила [[Математика|математиком]], [[Астрономија|астрономијом]] и [[Филозофија|филозофијом]].
+'''Хипатија из Александрије''' ({{јез-гр|Ὑπατία}},<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Hypatia |encyclopedia=The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language |year=2015 |publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company |url=https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=Hypatia }}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Hypatia |encyclopedia=Collins English Dictionary |year=2015 |publisher=HarperCollins Publishers |url=http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/hypatia }}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Hypatia |encyclopedia=Oxford Dictionaries |year=2015 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/hypatia?q=Hypatia }}</ref> око 370—415)<ref name="Colavito-Petta"/><ref name="MacTutorMath">{{MacTutor|id=Hypatia|title=Hypatia of Alexandria}}</ref> је била грчка{{sfn|Grinstein|1987|pp=}} [[жене и наука|научница]], прва историјски позната жена која се бавила [[Математика|математиком]], [[Астрономија|астрономијом]] и [[Филозофија|филозофијом]].<ref>Krebs, ''Groundbreaking Scientific Experiments, Inventions, and Discoveries''; ''The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy'', 2nd edition, Cambridge University Press, 1999: "Greek Neoplatonist philosopher who lived and taught in Alexandria."</ref>
 == Биографија ==
@@ Ред 33: / Ред 33: @@
 == Литература ==
-{{Commonscat|Hypatia}}
+{{refbegin|30em}}
 * {{Cite book|ref=harv|last=Grinstein|first=Louise S.|title=Women of mathematics: a biobibliographic sourcebook|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=ypHuAAAAMAAJ|year=1987|publisher=Greenwood Press|isbn=978-0-313-24849-8|pages=}}
 * Александар М. Петровић, ''Исписи наслеђа'', [[Нови Сад]], [[1996]].
@@ Ред 40: / Ред 40: @@
 * -{David Millar: ''The Cambridge Dictionary of Scientists, Edition 2'', © Syndicate of the Press the University of Cambridge}-, [[2002]] (биографски подаци Хипатије)
 * -{''The Oxford Classical Dictionary'', Edited by N. G. L. Hammond, H. H. Scullard. — 2nd Ed.. — Oxford : Oxford University Press}-, [[1992]].
+* {{citation|last=Archer|first=William|authorlink=William Archer (critic)|title=The Theatrical World For 1893–1897|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WtGengEACAAJ|date=June 2013|publisher=HardPress|isbn=978-1-314-50827-7}}
+* {{citation|last=Banev|first=Krastu|date=2015|title=Theophilus of Alexandria and the First Origenist Controversy: Rhetoric and Power|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rCF5BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA100|location=Oxford, England|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-872754-5}}
+* {{citation|last=Belenkiy|first=Ari|date=1 April 2010|title=An astronomical murder?|journal=Astronomy & Geophysics|volume=51|issue=2|pages=2.9–2.13|doi=10.1111/j.1468-4004.2010.51209.x|ref=harv|bibcode=2010A&G....51b...9B}}
+* {{citation|last=Booth|first=Charlotte|author-link=Charlotte Booth|date=2017|title=Hypatia: Mathematician, Philosopher, Myth|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RVvdDgAAQBAJ&pg=PT57|location=London, England|publisher=Fonthill Media|isbn=978-1-78155-546-0}}
+* {{citation|last=Bradley|first=Michael John|date=2006|title=The Birth of Mathematics: Ancient Times to 1300|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EIdtVPeD7GcC|location=New York City, New York|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-0-8160-5423-7}}
+* {{citation|last=Bregman|first=Jay|date=1982|title=Synesius of Cyrene: Philosopher-Bishop|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V_515iG8i14C&pg=PA39|series=The Transformation of the Classical Heritage|editor-last=Brown|editor-first=Peter|location=Berkeley, California|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-04192-9|ref=harv}}
+* {{citation|last1=Cameron|first1=Alan|last2=Long|first2=Jacqueline|last3=Sherry|first3=Lee|author1-link=Alan Cameron (classical scholar)|date=1993|title=Barbarians and Politics at the Court of Arcadius|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T6t44B0-a98C&pg=PA59|location=Berkeley and Los Angeles, California|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-06550-5}}
+* {{citation|last=Cameron|first=Alan|date=2016|chapter=Hypatia: Life, Death, and Works|title=Wandering Poets and Other Essays on Late Greek Literature and Philosophy|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H7ZwCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA194|location=Oxford, England|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-026894-7|ref=harv}}
+* {{citation|last=Cohen|first=Martin|date=2008|title=Philosophical Tales: Being an Alternative History Revealing the Characters, the Plots, and the Hidden Scenes that Make Up the True Story of Philosophy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kwj31dqNssAC&pg=PA47|location=New York City, New York and London, England|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|isbn=978-1405140379|ref=harv}}
+* {{citation|last1=Curta|first1=Florin|last2=Holt|first2=Andrew|date=2017|title=Great Events in Religion: An Encyclopedia of Pivotal Events in Religious History|volume=1: Prehistory to AD 600|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dgF9DQAAQBAJ&pg=PA283|location=Santa Barbara, California|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-4408-4598-7}}
+* {{citation|last=Castner|first=Catherine J.|date=2010|article=Hypatia|title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece and Rome|volume=1: Academy-Bible|editor1-last=Gagarin|editor1-first=Michael|editor2-last=Fantham|editor2-first=Elaine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lNV6-HsUppsC|location=Oxford, England|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-538839-8|pages=49–51}}
+* {{citation|last=Deakin|first=M. A. B.|authorlink=Michael A. B. Deakin|date=1992|department=History of Mathematics Section|title=Hypatia of Alexandria|url=http://www.qedcat.com/function/16.1short.pdf|pages=17–22|journal=Function|volume=16|issue=1}}
+* {{citation | last = Deakin | first = Michael A. B. | doi = 10.2307/2975600 | issue = 3 | journal = [[American Mathematical Monthly]] | mr = 1264003 | pages = 234–243 | title = Hypatia and her mathematics | volume = 101 | year = 1994| jstor = 2975600 }}
+* {{citation|last=Deakin|first=Michael A. B.|date=2007|title=Hypatia of Alexandria: Mathematician and Martyr|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P6X1DJ7UIb4C&pg=PA135|location=Amherst, New York|publisher=Prometheus Books|isbn=978-1-59102-520-7}}
+* {{citation|last=Deakin|first=Michael|date=2012|title=Hypatia|website=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Hypatia}}
+* {{citation|last=Dzielska|first=Maria|authorlink=Maria Dzielska|title=Hypatia of Alexandria|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UCkgLBCh2m0C|year=1996|location=Cambridge, Massachusetts|publisher=[[Harvard University Press]]|isbn=978-0-674-43776-0}}
+* {{citation|last=Dzielska|first=Maria|authorlink=Maria Dzielska|editor1-last=el-Abbadi|editor1-first=Mostafa|editor2-last=Fathallah|editor2-first=Omnia Mounir|date=2008|title=What Happened to the Ancient Library of Alexandria?|contribution-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hNtcejI_IGkC&pg=PA129|location=Leiden, The Netherlands|publisher=Brill|isbn=9789004165458|contribution=Learned women in the Alexandrian scholarship and society of late Hellenism|pages=129–148}}
+* {{citation|last=Edwards|first=Catharine|title=Roman Presences: Receptions of Rome in European Culture, 1789-1945|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v8iW8C7eE3YC|year=1999|location=Cambridge, England|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-59197-3}}
+* {{citation|last=Emmer|first=Michele|date=2012|title=Imagine Math: Between Culture and Mathematics|location=New York City, New York|publisher=Springer|isbn=9788847024274}}
+* {{citation|last=Engels|first=David|date=2009|contribution=Zwischen Philosophie und Religion: Weibliche Intellektuelle in Spätantike und Islam|url=http://www.uni-kassel.de/upress/online/frei/978-3-89958-449-3.volltext.frei.pdf|editor-first=Dominik|editor-last=Groß|title=Gender schafft Wissen, Wissenschaft Gender? Geschlechtsspezifische Unterscheidungen Rollenzuschreibungen im Wandel der Zeit|publisher=Kassel University Press|pages=97–124|isbn=978-3-89958-449-3}}
+* {{citation|last=Haas|first=Christopher|date=1997|title=Alexandria in Late Antiquity: Topography and Social Conflict|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cVHKPW5MRaQC|location=Baltimore, Maryland and London, England|publisher=The Johns Hopkins University Press|isbn=978-0-8018-5377-7|ref=harv}}
+* {{citation | last = Hoche | first = Richard | authorlink = Richard Hoche | date = January 1860 | doi = 10.1524/phil.1860.15.13.435 | issue = 1–3 | journal = Philologus | language = German | pages = 435–474 | title = XV. Hypatia, die tochter Theons | volume = 15}}
+* {{citation|last=Knorr |first=Wilbur |authorlink=Wilbur Knorr | title=Studies in Ancient and Medieval Geometry| location=Boston|publisher=Birkhäuser|isbn=978-0-8176-3387-5 | chapter = III.11: On Hypatia of Alexandria | pages = 753–804 | doi = 10.1007/978-1-4612-3690-0_27|year=1989  }}
+* {{citation|last=Macqueen-Pope|first=Walter|title=Haymarket: theatre of perfection|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KD5aAAAAMAAJ|year=1948|publisher=Allen}}
+* {{citation|last=Mark|first=Joshua J.|date=17 February 2014|title=Historical Accuracy in the Film ''Agora''|url=https://www.ancient.eu/article/656/historical-accuracy-in-the-film-agora/|website=Ancient History Encyclopedia|publisher=ancient.eu}}
+* {{citation|last=Novak|first=Ralph Martin, Jr.|title=Christianity and the Roman Empire: Background Texts|date=2010|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|location=Harrisburg, Pennsylvania|isbn=978-1-56338-347-2|pages=239–240|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LuhZyh1_j6oC&pg=PA240}}
+* {{citation|last=Oakes|first=Elizabeth H.|date=2007|article=Hypatia|title=Encyclopedia of World Scientists|location=New York City, New York|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=9781438118826|page=364}}
+* {{citation|last1=Pasachoff|first1=Naomi|last2=Pasachoff|first2=Jay M.|article=Hypatia|editor1-last=Trimble|editor1-first=Virginia|editor2-last=Williams|editor2-first=Thomas R.|editor3-last=Bracher|editor3-first=Katherine|editor4-last=Jarrell|editor4-first=Richard|editor5-last=Marché|editor5-first=Jordan D.|editor6-last=Ragep|editor6-first=F. Jamil|date=2007|title=Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t-BF1CHkc50C|location=New York City, New York|publisher=Springer|isbn=9780387304007}}
+* {{citation | last = Penella | first = Robert J. | issue = 1 | journal = [[Historia (classical antiquity history journal)|Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte]] | jstor = 4435877 | pages = 126–128 | title = When was Hypatia born? | volume = 33 | year = 1984}}
+* {{citation|last=Riedweg|first=Christoph|date=2005|orig-year=2002|title=Pythagoras: His Life, Teachings, and Influence|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A8ixyQJA7_MC|location=Ithaca, New York|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=978-0-8014-7452-1|ref=harv}}
+* {{citation|last=Rosser|first=Sue Vilhauser|date=2008|title=Women, Science, and Myth: Gender Beliefs from Antiquity to the Present|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OB4OgT8OH7sC|location=Santa Barbara, California|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=9781598840957}}
+* {{citation|last=Theodore|first=Jonathan|date=2016|title=The Modern Cultural Myth of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3QPWDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA183|location=Manchester, England|publisher=Palgrave, Macmillan|isbn=978-1-137-56997-4}}
+* {{citation|last=Waithe|first=Mary Ellen|date=1987|title=Ancient Women Philosophers: 600 B.C.-500 A. D|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x7ngECDpxmMC&pg=PA173|volume=1|location=Dordrecht, The Netherlands|publisher=Martinus Nijhoff Publishers|isbn=978-90-247-3368-2}}
+* {{citation|last=Walsh|first=Christine|title=The Cult of St Katherine of Alexandria in Early Medieval Europe|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ojrjh0aJKVsC&pg=PA10|date=1 January 2007|publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.|isbn=978-0-7546-5861-0}}
+* {{citation|last=Watts|first=Edward J.|date=2008|orig-year=2006|title=City and School in Late Antique Athens and Alexandria|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MKolDQAAQBAJ|location=Berkeley and Los Angeles, California|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=9780520258167}}
+* {{citation|last=Watts|first=Edward J.|date=2017|title=Hypatia: The Life and Legend of an Ancient Philosopher|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0KL_DQAAQBAJ&pg=PA119|location=Oxford, England|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780190659141}}
+* {{citation|last=Wessel|first=Susan|date=2004|title=Cyril of Alexandria and the Nestorian Controversy: The Making of a Saint and of a Heretic|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YcgSDAAAQBAJ|series=Oxford Early Christian Studies|location=Oxford, England|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-926846-7}}
+* {{citation |last=Whitfield |first=Bryan J. |title=The Beauty of Reasoning: A Reexamination of Hypatia and Alexandria |journal=[[The Mathematics Educator]] |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=14–21 |date=Summer 1995 |url=http://math.coe.uga.edu/tme/issues/v06n1/4whitfield.pdf }}
+* {{citation|last1=Benedetto|first1=Canio|last2=Isola|first2=Stefano|last3=Russo|first3=Lucio|journal=[[Mathematics and Mechanics of Complex Systems]] |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=19–40 |date=31 January 2017|title=Dating Hypatia's birth: a probabilistic model|location=Berkeley, California|publisher=Mathematical Sciences Publishers|doi=10.2140/memocs.2017.5.19}}
+* {{citation | last = Berggren | first = J. L. | date = February 2009 | doi = 10.1007/s11016-009-9256-z | issue = 1 | journal = Metascience | pages = 93–97 | title = The life and death of Hypatia | volume = 18}}
+* {{citation | last = Bernardi | first = Gabriella | contribution = Hypatia of Alexandria (355 or 370 ca. to 415) | doi = 10.1007/978-3-319-26127-0_5 | isbn = 9783319261270 | pages = 27–36 | publisher = Springer Praxis Books | title = The Unforgotten Sisters: Female Astronomers and Scientists before Caroline Herschel | year = 2016}}
+*{{citation|last=Brakke|first=David|date=2018|contribution=Hypatia|contribution-url=http://ccdl.libraries.claremont.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/cce/id/2159|title=Claremont Coptic Encyclopedia|editor1-last=	Torjesen|editor1-first=Karen|editor2-last=Gabra|editor2-first=Gawdat| publisher= Claremont Graduate University}}
+* {{citation |last=Cain | first = Kathleen  | title = Hypatia, the Alexandrian Library, and M.L.S. (Martyr-Librarian Syndrome) | journal = Community & Junior College Libraries | volume = 4 | issue = 3 | date = Spring 1986 | pages = 35–39 | doi = 10.1300/J107V04N03_05}}
+* {{citation | first = Alan | last = Cameron | title = Isadore of Miletus and Hypatia: On the editing of mathematical texts | journal = Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies | year = 1990 | url = http://grbs.library.duke.edu/article/view/4171 | pages = 103–127 | volume = 31 | issue = 1 }}
+* {{citation | last=Cerqueiro | first=Daniel |year=2006 | title=Hipatia de Alejandría, la filósofa | publisher=Pequeña Venecia| location= Buenos Aires | isbn=978-987-9239-16-2|language=es|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5gScAAAACAAJ}}
+* {{citation |last=Donovan |first=Sandy |title=Hypatia: Mathematician, Inventor, and Philosopher (Signature Lives: Ancient World) |year=2008 |publisher= Compass Point Books |isbn=978-0756537609}}
+* {{citation |last=Molinaro |first=Ursule | authorlink = Ursule Molinaro |title=A Full Moon of Women: 29 Word Portraits of Notable Women From Different Times and Places + 1 Void of Course |year=1990 |publisher=Dutton |location=New York |isbn=978-0-525-24848-4 |chapter=A Christian Martyr in Reverse: Hypatia}}
+* {{citation | last = Nietupski | first = Nancy | journal = Alexandria | pages = 45–56 | publisher = Phanes Press | title = Hypatia of Alexandria: Mathematician, astronomer and philosopher | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=sboJPPCBpuQC&pg=PA45 | volume = 2 | year = 1993| isbn = 9780933999978 }}. See also ''The Life of Hypatia from The Suda'' (Jeremiah Reedy, trans.), pp.&nbsp;57–58, ''The Life of Hypatia by Socrates Scholasticus from his Ecclesiastical History 7.13'', pp.&nbsp;59–60, and ''The Life of Hypatia by John, Bishop of Nikiu, from his Chronicle 84.87–103'', pp.&nbsp;61–63.
+* {{citation | authorlink = Reuben Parsons (priest)| last = Parsons | first = Reuben | year = 1892 | url = https://archive.org/stream/somelieserrorsof00parsuoft#page/44/mode/2up | contribution = St. Cyril of Alexandria and the Murder of Hypatia | title = Some Lies and Errors of History | location = Notre Dame, Indiana | publisher = Office of the "Ave Maria" | pages = 44–53}}
+* {{citation | last = Richeson | first = A. W. | year = 1940 | url = http://jnsilva.ludicum.org/Sherlock/hypatia1.pdf | title = Hypatia of Alexandria | journal = National Mathematics Magazine | volume = 15 | issue = 2 | pages = 74–82 | doi = 10.2307/3028426| jstor = 3028426 }}
+* {{citation | last = Rist | first = J. M. | authorlink = John Rist | doi = 10.2307/1086284 | issue = 3 | journal = Phoenix | pages = 214–225 | title = Hypatia | volume = 19 | year = 1965| jstor = 1086284 | title-link = Phoenix (classics journal) }}
+* {{citation | last = Schaefer | first = Francis | year = 1902 | url = http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015022676665;view=1up;seq=449 | title = St. Cyril of Alexandria and the Murder of Hypatia | journal = The Catholic University Bulletin | volume = 8 | pages = 441–453}}.
+* {{citation |last=Teruel |first=Pedro Jesús |title=Filosofía y Ciencia en Hipatia |publisher=Gredos |year=2011 |location=Madrid |isbn=978-84-249-1939-9 |language=Spanish}}
+* {{citation | last = Vogt | first = Kari | authorlink = Kari Vogt | editor1-last = Børresen | editor1-first = Kari Elisabeth | editor2-last = Vogt | editor2-first = Kari | contribution = 'The Hierophant of Philosophy' – Hypatia of Alexandria | doi = 10.1007/978-94-011-1664-0_3 | isbn = 9789401116640 | location = Dordrecht | pages = 155–175 | publisher = Kluwer Academic Publishers | title = Women's Studies of the Christian and Islamic Traditions: Ancient, Medieval and Renaissance Foremothers | year = 1993}}
+* {{citation|url=http://www.smithsonianmag.com/specialsections/womens-history/Hypatia-Ancient-Alexandrias-Great-Female-Scholar.html|title=Hypatia, Alexandria's Great Female Scholar|magazine=[[Smithsonian (magazine)|Smithsonian]]|first=Sarah|last=Zielinski|date=March 14, 2010}}
+{{refend}}
+== Спољашње везе ==
+{{Commonscat|Hypatia}}
+* [http://www.isns.us/ International Society for Neoplatonic Studies]
+* Socrates of Constantinople, ''Ecclesiastical History'', [https://archive.org/stream/ecclesiasticalhi00socruoft#page/348/mode/2up VII.15], at the [[Internet Archive]]
+* Socrates of Constantinople, ''Ecclesiastical History'', [http://www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu/03d/0380-0440,_Socrates_Scholasticus,_Ecclesiastica_Hstoria_2_(Hussey_Editore),_GR.pdf VII.15] (pp.&nbsp;760–761), at the Documenta Catholica Omnia
 {{Грчка математика}}
+{{Authority control}}
-== Референце ==
-{{reflist|30em}}
 [[Категорија:Историја Византије]]

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