Kanabis (lek) — разлика између измена

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Ред 1: Ред 1:
{{Preusmeri-lat|Marihuana}}
{{Preusmeri-lat|Marihuana}}
[[Датотека:Macro cannabis bud.jpg|thumb|Osušeni pupoljak biljke [[Конопља|kanabis]]]]
[[Датотека:Macro cannabis bud.jpg|thumb|Osušeni pupoljak biljke [[Конопља|kanabis]]]]
'''Kanabis''' (''-{Cannabis}-''), poznat i kao '''marihuana''' (''-{marijuana}-''), je osušeni cvet biljke [[Конопља|kanabis]], koje se koristi kao opojna droga i za medicinske svrhe.<ref name="bookSpanish Word Histories or and Mysteries">{{Cite book | publisher = Houghton Mifflin Harcourt |id=ISBN 0-618-91054-9, 9780618910540 | last = Company | first = Houghton Mifflin | coauthors = American Heritage Dictionaries | title = Spanish Word Histories and Mysteries | date = 14. 11. 2007. |url=http://books.google.com/?id=VTYBbGybtNEC&pg=PA142|pages=142-}}</ref> Često se i cela biljka naziva ''marihuana''. Ona je jedno od najblažih i najslabijih halucinogenih sredstva.
'''Kanabis''' (''-{Cannabis}-''), poznat i kao '''marihuana''' (''-{marijuana}-''), je osušeni cvet biljke [[Конопља|kanabis]], koje se koristi kao opojna droga i za medicinske svrhe.<ref name="bookSpanish Word Histories or and Mysteries">{{Cite book | publisher = Houghton Mifflin Harcourt |id=ISBN 0-618-91054-9, 9780618910540 | last = Company | first = Houghton Mifflin | others = American Heritage Dictionaries | title = Spanish Word Histories and Mysteries | date = 14. 11. 2007. |url=http://books.google.com/?id=VTYBbGybtNEC&pg=PA142|pages=142-}}</ref> Često se i cela biljka naziva ''marihuana''. Ona je jedno od najblažih i najslabijih halucinogenih sredstva.


Kanabis sadrži psihoaktivni delta-9-[[Tetrahidrokanabinol|tetrahidrokanabinol]] (-{Δ<sup>9</sup>-THC}-). On je jedno od preko 400 jedinjenja u biljci, uključujući druge [[kanabinoid]]e, kao što su [[kanabidiol]], [[kanabinol]], i [[tetrahidrokanabivarin]], koji mogu da proizvedu senzorne efekte za razliku od psihoaktivnog dejstva -{[[Tetrahidrokanabinol|THC]]}--a.<ref name="pmid19124693">{{cite journal |author1=Fusar-Poli P |author2=Crippa JA |author3=Bhattacharyya S |author4=''et al.'' |title=Distinct effects of {delta}9-tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabidiol on Neural Activation during Emotional Processing |journal= Archives of General Psychiatry |volume=66|issue=1|pages=95–105|year=2009|pmid=19124693|doi=10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2008.519|url=|accessdate = 26. 9. 2009.}}</ref>
Kanabis sadrži psihoaktivni delta-9-[[Tetrahidrokanabinol|tetrahidrokanabinol]] (-{Δ<sup>9</sup>-THC}-). On je jedno od preko 400 jedinjenja u biljci, uključujući druge [[kanabinoid]]e, kao što su [[kanabidiol]], [[kanabinol]], i [[tetrahidrokanabivarin]], koji mogu da proizvedu senzorne efekte za razliku od psihoaktivnog dejstva -{[[Tetrahidrokanabinol|THC]]}--a.<ref name="pmid19124693">{{cite journal |author1=Fusar-Poli P |author2=Crippa JA |author3=Bhattacharyya S |display-authors=etal |title=Distinct effects of {delta}9-tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabidiol on Neural Activation during Emotional Processing |journal= Archives of General Psychiatry |volume=66|issue=1|pages=95–105|year=2009|pmid=19124693|doi=10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2008.519|url=|accessdate = 26. 9. 2009.}}</ref>


[[Kanabidiol]] pokazuje znakove od velike medicinske važnosti, i u dosadašnjim istraživanjima je pokazao blagotvorna svojstva kao lek protiv bolova, protiv [[anksioznost]]i, protiv upaljenja kože, pacijenata sa letargijom i [[Дисфорија|disforije]], i za razliku od -{THC}--a, ima antipsihotička svojstva.
[[Kanabidiol]] pokazuje znakove od velike medicinske važnosti, i u dosadašnjim istraživanjima je pokazao blagotvorna svojstva kao lek protiv bolova, protiv [[anksioznost]]i, protiv upaljenja kože, pacijenata sa letargijom i [[Дисфорија|disforije]], i za razliku od -{THC}--a, ima antipsihotička svojstva.
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* {{Cite book |ref= harv|last = Deitch |first =Robert |year =2003 |title = Hemp: American history revisited: the plant with a divided history|url = |publisher=Algora Pub |id=ISBN 0-87586-206-3 |accessdate = |postscript = }}
* {{Cite book |ref= harv|last = Deitch |first =Robert |year =2003 |title = Hemp: American history revisited: the plant with a divided history|url = |publisher=Algora Pub |id=ISBN 0-87586-206-3 |accessdate = |postscript = }}
* {{Cite book |ref= harv|last = Earleywine |first =Mitchell |year = 2005|title =Understanding marijuana: a new look at the scientific evidence |url =http://books.google.ca/books?id=r9wPbxMAG8cC&lpg=PA3&dq=History%20of%20Cannabis&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true |publisher=Oxford University Press |id=ISBN 0-19-513893-7|accessdate = }}
* {{Cite book |ref= harv|last = Earleywine |first =Mitchell |year = 2005|title =Understanding marijuana: a new look at the scientific evidence |url =http://books.google.ca/books?id=r9wPbxMAG8cC&lpg=PA3&dq=History%20of%20Cannabis&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true |publisher=Oxford University Press |id=ISBN 0-19-513893-7|accessdate = }}
* {{Cite book |ref= harv|last =Emmett |first =David |coauthor=Graeme Nice |year =2009 |title = What you need to know about cannabis: understanding the facts|url =http://books.google.ca/books?id=dHAy6T_LSV4C&lpg=PA55&dq=History%20of%20Cannabis&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true |publisher= Jessica Kingsley Publishers|id=ISBN 1-84310-697-3 |accessdate =}}
* {{Cite book |ref= harv|last =Emmett |first =David |author2= Graeme Nice |year =2009 |title = What you need to know about cannabis: understanding the facts|url =http://books.google.ca/books?id=dHAy6T_LSV4C&lpg=PA55&dq=History%20of%20Cannabis&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true |publisher= Jessica Kingsley Publishers|id=ISBN 1-84310-697-3 |accessdate =}}
* {{Cite book |ref= harv|last =Geoffrey William |first =Guy |coauthor= Brian Anthony Whittle, Philip Robson |year =2004 |title =The medicinal uses of cannabis and cannabinoids|url =http://books.google.ca/books?id=AznCzOxvrtwC&lpg=PA1&dq=History%20of%20Cannabis&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true |publisher= Pharmaceutical Press|id=ISBN 0-85369-517-2|accessdate = }}
* {{Cite book |ref= harv|last =Geoffrey William |first =Guy |author2= Brian Anthony Whittle |author3= Philip Robson |year =2004 |title =The medicinal uses of cannabis and cannabinoids|url =http://books.google.ca/books?id=AznCzOxvrtwC&lpg=PA1&dq=History%20of%20Cannabis&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true |publisher= Pharmaceutical Press|id=ISBN 0-85369-517-2|accessdate = }}
* {{Cite book |ref= harv|last =Holland |first =Julie M.D. |year =2010 |title =The pot book : a complete guide to cannabis : its role in medicine, politics, science, and culture |url =http://books.google.ca/books?id=MQql_gt2QEgC&lpg=PA316&dq=Cannabis&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true |publisher=Park Street Press |isbn=978-1-59477-368-6 |accessdate = }}
* {{Cite book |ref= harv|last =Holland |first =Julie M.D. |year =2010 |title =The pot book : a complete guide to cannabis : its role in medicine, politics, science, and culture |url =http://books.google.ca/books?id=MQql_gt2QEgC&lpg=PA316&dq=Cannabis&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true |publisher=Park Street Press |isbn=978-1-59477-368-6 |accessdate = }}
* {{Cite book |ref= harv|last = Iversen |first =Leslie L |year = 2008|title =The science of marijuana|url = http://books.google.ca/books?id=l8O2OMNLNtcC&lpg=PA17&dq=History%20of%20Cannabis&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true|edition= 2nd |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-532824-0}}
* {{Cite book |ref= harv|last = Iversen |first =Leslie L |year = 2008|title =The science of marijuana|url = http://books.google.ca/books?id=l8O2OMNLNtcC&lpg=PA17&dq=History%20of%20Cannabis&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true|edition= 2nd |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-532824-0}}
* {{Cite book |ref= harv|last = Jenkins |first =Richard |year = 2006|title = Cannabis and young people: reviewing the evidence|url =http://books.google.ca/books?id=bFDznfmJLnAC&lpg=PP1&dq=Cannabis&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true |publisher=Jessica Kingsley |id=ISBN 1-84310-398-2 |accessdate =}}
* {{Cite book |ref= harv|last = Jenkins |first =Richard |year = 2006|title = Cannabis and young people: reviewing the evidence|url =http://books.google.ca/books?id=bFDznfmJLnAC&lpg=PP1&dq=Cannabis&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true |publisher=Jessica Kingsley |id=ISBN 1-84310-398-2 |accessdate =}}
* {{Cite book |ref= harv|last = Lambert |first = Didier M|year = 2008|title =Cannabinoids in Nature and Medicine|url =http://books.google.ca/books?id=ATDRt1HM9MwC&lpg=PA15&dq=History%20of%20Cannabis&pg=PR11#v=onepage&q&f=true |publisher=Wiley-VCH |id=ISBN 3-906390-56-X |accessdate = }}
* {{Cite book |ref= harv|last = Lambert |first = Didier M|year = 2008|title =Cannabinoids in Nature and Medicine|url =http://books.google.ca/books?id=ATDRt1HM9MwC&lpg=PA15&dq=History%20of%20Cannabis&pg=PR11#v=onepage&q&f=true |publisher=Wiley-VCH |id=ISBN 3-906390-56-X |accessdate = }}
* {{Cite book |ref= harv|last = Roffman |first =Roger A |coauthor= Robert S. Stephens|year = 2006|title =Cannabis dependence: its nature, consequences, and treatment |url =http://books.google.ca/books?id=DEWRoPweosEC&lpg=PA89&dq=History%20of%20Cannabis&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true |publisher=Cambridge University Press |id=ISBN 0-521-81447-2 |accessdate = }}
* {{Cite book |ref= harv|last = Roffman |first =Roger A |author2= Robert S. Stephens|year = 2006|title =Cannabis dependence: its nature, consequences, and treatment |url =http://books.google.ca/books?id=DEWRoPweosEC&lpg=PA89&dq=History%20of%20Cannabis&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true |publisher=Cambridge University Press |id=ISBN 0-521-81447-2 |accessdate = }}
* {{Cite book |ref= harv|last = Russo |first =Ethan |coauthor= Melanie Creagan Dreher, Mary Lynn Mathre |year =2004 |title =Women and cannabis: medicine, science, and sociology|url =http://books.google.ca/books?id=gZJ7m3Uf6FQC&lpg=PA29&dq=History%20of%20Cannabis&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true |publisher= Haworth Press|id=ISBN 0-7890-2101-3|accessdate = }}
* {{Cite book |ref= harv|last = Russo |first =Ethan |author2= Melanie Creagan Dreher |author3= Mary Lynn Mathre |year =2004 |title =Women and cannabis: medicine, science, and sociology|url =http://books.google.ca/books?id=gZJ7m3Uf6FQC&lpg=PA29&dq=History%20of%20Cannabis&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true |publisher= Haworth Press|id=ISBN 0-7890-2101-3|accessdate = }}
* {{Cite book |ref= harv|last = Solowij |first =Nadia |year =1998 |title =Cannabis and cognitive functioning|url =http://books.google.ca/books?id=bL2u5RRYIpcC&lpg=PA84&dq=History%20of%20Cannabis&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true |publisher=Cambridge University Press |id=ISBN 0-521-59114-7 }}
* {{Cite book |ref= harv|last = Solowij |first =Nadia |year =1998 |title =Cannabis and cognitive functioning|url =http://books.google.ca/books?id=bL2u5RRYIpcC&lpg=PA84&dq=History%20of%20Cannabis&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true |publisher=Cambridge University Press |id=ISBN 0-521-59114-7 }}
* {{Cite book |ref= harv|publisher = Houghton Mifflin Harcourt |id=ISBN 0-618-91054-9, 9780618910540 | last = Company | first = Houghton Mifflin | coauthors = American Heritage Dictionaries | title = Spanish Word Histories and Mysteries |year=2007 |url=http://books.google.com/?id=VTYBbGybtNEC&pg=PA142|pages=142-}}
* {{Cite book |ref= harv|publisher = Houghton Mifflin Harcourt |id=ISBN 0-618-91054-9, 9780618910540 | last = Company | first = Houghton Mifflin |author2 = American Heritage Dictionaries | title = Spanish Word Histories and Mysteries |year=2007 |url=http://books.google.com/?id=VTYBbGybtNEC&pg=PA142|pages=142-}}
* {{Cite book |ref= harv|last=Rudgley|first=Richard| year = 1998 | title = Lost Civilisations of the Stone Age. |id=ISBN 0-684-85580-1 | publisher = Free Press | location = New York }}
* {{Cite book |ref= harv|last=Rudgley|first=Richard| year = 1998 | title = Lost Civilisations of the Stone Age. |id=ISBN 0-684-85580-1 | publisher = Free Press | location = New York }}
* {{Cite book |ref= harv|last1 = UNODC | title = World Drug Report 2010 | publisher = United Nations Publication | page = 198 | url = http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/data-and-analysis/WDR-2010.html | accessdate = 19. 7. 2010.}}
* {{Cite book |ref= harv|last1 = UNODC | title = World Drug Report 2010 | publisher = United Nations Publication | page = 198 | url = http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/data-and-analysis/WDR-2010.html | accessdate = 19. 7. 2010.}}

Верзија на датум 21. октобар 2017. у 18:13

Osušeni pupoljak biljke kanabis

Kanabis (Cannabis), poznat i kao marihuana (marijuana), je osušeni cvet biljke kanabis, koje se koristi kao opojna droga i za medicinske svrhe.[1] Često se i cela biljka naziva marihuana. Ona je jedno od najblažih i najslabijih halucinogenih sredstva.

Kanabis sadrži psihoaktivni delta-9-tetrahidrokanabinol9-THC). On je jedno od preko 400 jedinjenja u biljci, uključujući druge kanabinoide, kao što su kanabidiol, kanabinol, i tetrahidrokanabivarin, koji mogu da proizvedu senzorne efekte za razliku od psihoaktivnog dejstva THC-a.[2]

Kanabidiol pokazuje znakove od velike medicinske važnosti, i u dosadašnjim istraživanjima je pokazao blagotvorna svojstva kao lek protiv bolova, protiv anksioznosti, protiv upaljenja kože, pacijenata sa letargijom i disforije, i za razliku od THC-a, ima antipsihotička svojstva. U SAD je u martu 2014. godine pušten u prodaju eksperimentalni lek Epidiolex, koji se koristi za lečenje epilespije kod dece i odraslih i koji trenutno ima status "orphan drug".

U današnje vreme se kanabis koristi kao rekreaciona droga, u verskim ili duhovnim obredima, ili za medicinske svrhe. Najraniji zapisi o upotrebi kanabiusa datiraju iz trećeg milenijuma pre nove ere, tačnije 2737. godine pre nove ere za vreme vladavine kineskog cara Šun Neng.[3] Ujedinjene nacije su 2004. procenile da konzumiranje kanabisa obuhvata 4.0 procenta svetske populacije (162 miliona ljudi) i da oko 0.6 procenata (22.5 miliona) ljudi koristi kanabis na dnevnoj bazi.[4] Od ranog 20. veka kanabis je zakonski ograničen, i njegovo posedovanje, upotreba, i prodaja su ilegalni u većini zemalja.[5][6]

Vidi još

Reference

  1. ^ Company, Houghton Mifflin (14. 11. 2007). Spanish Word Histories and Mysteries. American Heritage Dictionaries. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. стр. 142—. ISBN 0-618-91054-9, 9780618910540. 
  2. ^ Fusar-Poli P; Crippa JA; Bhattacharyya S; et al. (2009). „Distinct effects of {delta}9-tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabidiol on Neural Activation during Emotional Processing”. Archives of General Psychiatry. 66 (1): 95—105. PMID 19124693. doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2008.519. 
  3. ^ Rudgley, Richard (1998). Lost Civilisations of the Stone Age. New York: Free Press. ISBN 0-684-85580-1. 
  4. ^ United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2006). Cannabis: Why We Should Care. (PDF). World Drug Report. 1. S.l.: United Nations. стр. 14. ISBN 92-1-148214-3. 
  5. ^ „Cannabis: Legal Status”. Erowid.org. Приступљено 30. 10. 2011. 
  6. ^ UNODC. World Drug Report 2010. United Nations Publication. стр. 198. Приступљено 19. 7. 2010. 

Literatura

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