Просо — разлика између измена
Поништена измена бр. 23162753 корисника Dcirovic (разговор)dcirovic, picko, sram te bilo zauvek, ljudi lepo pisu a ti istinu ne mozes progutati, gorko ces za ovo platiti i ima se secati zauvek!!! ознака: поништење |
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== Исхрана == |
== Исхрана == |
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{{nutritional value | name= |
{{nutritional value | name=Millet, raw (''Panicum miliaceum'')<ref name="usdamillet"/> |
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| kJ=1582 |
| kJ=1582 |
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| water=8.7 g |
| water=8.7 g |
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A 100 gram serving of raw millet (''Panicum miliaceum'' or proso millet) provides 378 [[calories]] and is a rich source (20% or more of the [[Daily Value]], DV) of [[protein]], [[dietary fiber]], several [[B vitamins]] and numerous [[dietary minerals]], especially [[manganese]] at 76% DV ([[USDA]] nutrient table). Raw millet is 9% water, 73% [[carbohydrates]], 4% [[fat]] and 11% protein (table). |
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=== Поређење са другим главним основним намирницама === |
=== Поређење са другим главним основним намирницама === |
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The following table shows the nutrient content of millet compared to major staple foods in a raw form. Raw forms, however, are not edible and cannot be fully digested. These must be prepared and cooked as appropriate for human consumption. In processed and cooked form, the relative nutritional and antinutritional contents of each of these grains is remarkably different from that of raw forms reported in this table. The nutritional value in the cooked form depends on the cooking method. |
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Следећа табела приказује садржај хранљивих састојака проса у поређењу са главном основном храном у сировом облику. Сирови облици, међутим, нису јестиви и не могу се у потпуности сварити. Они се морају припремити и кувати према потреби за људску употребу. У прерађеном и куваном облику, релативни нутритивни и антинутритивни садржај сваке од ових житарица се знатно разликује од оног у сировим облицима који су наведени у овој табели. Храњива вредност у куваном облику зависи од начина кувања. |
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;" |
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|+ |
|+ Nutrient profile comparison of proso millet with other food staples<ref name="usdamillet">{{cite web |url=https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/169702/nutrients |title=Raw millet per 100 g, Full Report |publisher=USDA National Nutrient Database, Release 28 |date=2015 |accessdate=3 December 2015}}</ref> |
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! Component<br> (per 100 g portion, raw grain) !! [[Cassava]]{{efn|Raw, uncooked}}!! [[Wheat]]{{efn|Hard red winter.}}!! [[Rice]]{{efn|White, long-grain, regular, raw, unenriched.}}!! [[Maize]]{{efn|Sweet, yellow, raw.}}!! Sorghum<br> millet{{efn|Sorghum, edible portion white variety.}}!! Proso<br> millet{{efn|Millet, proso variety, raw.}} |
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! |
!Kodo<br> millet<ref name=":0" /> |
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| water (g) || 60 || 13.1 || 12 || 76 || 9.2 || 8.7 |
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| energy (kJ) || 667 || 1368 || 1527 || 360 || 1418 || '''1582''' |
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|1462 |
|1462 |
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| protein (g) || 1.4 || '''12.6''' || 7 || 3 || 11.3 || 11 |
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|9.94 |
|9.94 |
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| fat (g) || 0.3 || 1.5 || 1 || 1 || 3.3 || '''4.2''' |
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|3.03 |
|3.03 |
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| carbohydrates (g) || 38 || 71.2 || '''79''' || 19 || 75 || 73 |
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|63.82 |
|63.82 |
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| fiber (g) || 1.8 || 1.2 || 1 || 3 || 6.3 || '''8.5''' |
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|8.2 |
|8.2 |
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| sugars (g) || 1.7 || 0.4 || >0.1 || '''3''' || 1.9 || |
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| iron (mg) || 0.27 || 3.2 || 0.8 || 0.5 || '''4.4''' || 3 |
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|3.17 |
|3.17 |
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| manganese (mg) || 0.4 || '''3.9''' || 1.1 || 0.2 || <0.1 || 1.6 |
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| calcium (mg) || 16 || 29 || 28 || 2 || 28 || 8 |
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|'''32.33''' |
|'''32.33''' |
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| magnesium (mg) || 21 || '''126''' || 25 || 37 || <120 || 114 |
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| phosphorus (mg) || 27 || '''288''' || 115 || 89 || 287 || 285 |
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|300 |
|300 |
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| potassium (mg) || 271 || 363 || 115 || 270 || 350 || 195 |
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| zinc (mg) || 0.3 || '''2.6''' || 1.1 || 0.5 || <1 || 1.7 |
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|32.7 |
|32.7 |
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| pantothenic acid (mg) || 0.1 || 0.9 || '''1.0''' || 0.7 || <0.9 || 0.8 |
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| vitB6 (mg) || 0.1 || 0.3 || 0.2 || 0.1 || <0.3 || '''0.4''' |
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| folate (µg) || 27 || 38 || 8 || 42 || <25 || '''85''' |
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| thiamin (mg) || 0.1 || 0.38 || 0.1 || 0.2 || 0.2 || '''0.4''' |
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|0.15 |
|0.15 |
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| riboflavin (mg) || <0.1 || 0.1|| >0.1 || 0.1 || 0.1 || '''0.3''' |
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|2.0 |
|2.0 |
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| niacin (mg) || 0.9 || '''5.5''' || 1.6 || 1.8 || 2.9 || |
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|0.09 |
|0.09 |
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{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right;" |
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right;" |
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|+ |
|+ Nutrient content of various raw millets with comparison to quinoa, teff, fonio, rice and wheat<ref>[http://www.milletindia.org Millet Network of India].</ref> |
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! Crop / nutrient !! Protein (g) !! Fiber (g) !! Minerals (g) !! Iron (mg) !! Calcium (mg) |
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| Sorghum || 10 || 4 || 1.6 || 2.6 || 54 |
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| Pearl millet || 10.6 || 1.3 || 2.3 || 16.9 || 38 |
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| Finger millet || 7.3 || 3.6 || 2.7 || 3.9 || 344 |
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| Foxtail millet || 12.3 || 8 || 3.3 || 2.8 || 31 |
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| Proso millet || 12.5 || 2.2 || 1.9 || 0.8 || 14 |
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| Kodo millet || 8.3 || 9 || 2.6 || 0.5 || 27 |
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| Little millet || 7.7 || 7.6 || 1.5 || 9.3 || 17 |
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| Barnyard millet || 11.2 || 10.1 || 4.4 || 15.2 || 11 |
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| Brown top millet || 11.5 || 12.5 || 4.2 || 0.65 || 0.01 |
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| Quinoa || 14.1 || 7 || * || 4.6 || 47 |
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| Teff || 13 || 8 || 0.85 || 7.6 || 180 |
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| Fonio || 11 || 11.3 || 5.31 || 84.8 || 18 |
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| Rice || 6.8 || 0.2 || 0.6 || 0.7 || 10 |
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| Wheat || 11.8 || 1.2 || 1.5 || 5.3 || 41 |
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Верзија на датум 29. мај 2020. у 22:13
Један корисник управо ради на овом чланку. Молимо остале кориснике да му допусте да заврши са радом. Ако имате коментаре и питања у вези са чланком, користите страницу за разговор.
Хвала на стрпљењу. Када радови буду завршени, овај шаблон ће бити уклоњен. Напомене
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Просо (/ˈmɪlɪts/)[1] су група високо варијабилних трава малог семена. Користи се за сточну и људску прехрану (каша, пецива), алкохолну индустрију (пиво, алкохолна пића), пострна култура.
Просо are important crops in the semiarid tropics of Asia and Africa (especially in India, Mali, Nigeria, and Niger), with 97% of millet production in developing countries.[2] The crop is favored due to its productivity and short growing season under dry, high-temperature conditions.
Просо are indigenous to many parts of the world.[3] The most widely grown millet is pearl millet, which is an important crop in India and parts of Africa.[4] Finger millet, proso millet, and foxtail millet are also important crop species.
Просо may have been consumed by humans for about 7,000 years and potentially had "a pivotal role in the rise of multi-crop agriculture and settled farming societies."[5]
Опис
Генерално, просо је једногодишња житарица малог зрна из топлих предела, и припада фамилији трава. Просо културе су веома толерантне на сушу и друге екстремне временске прилике и имају сличан садржај нутриената са другим главним житарицама.[6]
Исхрана
Нутритивна вредност на 100 g (3,5 oz) | |
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Енергија | 1.582 kJ (378 kcal) |
72,8 g | |
Прехрамбена влакна | 8,5 g |
4,3g | |
Засићене | 0,7 g |
Мононезасићене | 0,8 g |
Полинезасићене | 2.1 g 0,1 g 2,0 g |
11,0 g | |
Витамини | |
Рибофлавин (Б2) | (24%) 0,29 mg |
Ниацин (Б3) | (31%) 4,72 mg |
Витамин Б5 | (17%) 0,85 mg |
Витамин Б6 | (29%) 0,38 mg |
Фолат (Б9) | (21%) 85 μg |
Витамин Ц | (2%) 1,6 mg |
Витамин К | (1%) 0,9 μg |
Минерали | |
Калцијум | (1%) 8 mg |
Гвожђе | (23%) 3 mg |
Магнезијум | (32%) 114 mg |
Манган | (76%) 1,6 mg |
Фосфор | (41%) 285 mg |
Калијум | (4%) 195 mg |
Натријум | (0%) 5 mg |
Цинк | (18%) 1,7 mg |
Остали конституенти | |
Вода | 8,7 g |
Copper | 0.8 mg |
Selenium | 2.7 µg |
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Проценти су грубе процене засноване на америчким препорукама за одрасле. |
A 100 gram serving of raw millet (Panicum miliaceum or proso millet) provides 378 calories and is a rich source (20% or more of the Daily Value, DV) of protein, dietary fiber, several B vitamins and numerous dietary minerals, especially manganese at 76% DV (USDA nutrient table). Raw millet is 9% water, 73% carbohydrates, 4% fat and 11% protein (table).
Поређење са другим главним основним намирницама
The following table shows the nutrient content of millet compared to major staple foods in a raw form. Raw forms, however, are not edible and cannot be fully digested. These must be prepared and cooked as appropriate for human consumption. In processed and cooked form, the relative nutritional and antinutritional contents of each of these grains is remarkably different from that of raw forms reported in this table. The nutritional value in the cooked form depends on the cooking method.
Component (per 100 g portion, raw grain) |
Cassava[а] | Wheat[б] | Rice[в] | Maize[г] | Sorghum millet[д] |
Proso millet[ђ] |
Kodo millet[8] |
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water (g) | 60 | 13.1 | 12 | 76 | 9.2 | 8.7 | |
energy (kJ) | 667 | 1368 | 1527 | 360 | 1418 | 1582 | 1462 |
protein (g) | 1.4 | 12.6 | 7 | 3 | 11.3 | 11 | 9.94 |
fat (g) | 0.3 | 1.5 | 1 | 1 | 3.3 | 4.2 | 3.03 |
carbohydrates (g) | 38 | 71.2 | 79 | 19 | 75 | 73 | 63.82 |
fiber (g) | 1.8 | 1.2 | 1 | 3 | 6.3 | 8.5 | 8.2 |
sugars (g) | 1.7 | 0.4 | >0.1 | 3 | 1.9 | ||
iron (mg) | 0.27 | 3.2 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 4.4 | 3 | 3.17 |
manganese (mg) | 0.4 | 3.9 | 1.1 | 0.2 | <0.1 | 1.6 | |
calcium (mg) | 16 | 29 | 28 | 2 | 28 | 8 | 32.33 |
magnesium (mg) | 21 | 126 | 25 | 37 | <120 | 114 | |
phosphorus (mg) | 27 | 288 | 115 | 89 | 287 | 285 | 300 |
potassium (mg) | 271 | 363 | 115 | 270 | 350 | 195 | |
zinc (mg) | 0.3 | 2.6 | 1.1 | 0.5 | <1 | 1.7 | 32.7 |
pantothenic acid (mg) | 0.1 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 0.7 | <0.9 | 0.8 | |
vitB6 (mg) | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.1 | <0.3 | 0.4 | |
folate (µg) | 27 | 38 | 8 | 42 | <25 | 85 | |
thiamin (mg) | 0.1 | 0.38 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.15 |
riboflavin (mg) | <0.1 | 0.1 | >0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 2.0 |
niacin (mg) | 0.9 | 5.5 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 2.9 | 0.09 |
Crop / nutrient | Protein (g) | Fiber (g) | Minerals (g) | Iron (mg) | Calcium (mg) |
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Sorghum | 10 | 4 | 1.6 | 2.6 | 54 |
Pearl millet | 10.6 | 1.3 | 2.3 | 16.9 | 38 |
Finger millet | 7.3 | 3.6 | 2.7 | 3.9 | 344 |
Foxtail millet | 12.3 | 8 | 3.3 | 2.8 | 31 |
Proso millet | 12.5 | 2.2 | 1.9 | 0.8 | 14 |
Kodo millet | 8.3 | 9 | 2.6 | 0.5 | 27 |
Little millet | 7.7 | 7.6 | 1.5 | 9.3 | 17 |
Barnyard millet | 11.2 | 10.1 | 4.4 | 15.2 | 11 |
Brown top millet | 11.5 | 12.5 | 4.2 | 0.65 | 0.01 |
Quinoa | 14.1 | 7 | * | 4.6 | 47 |
Teff | 13 | 8 | 0.85 | 7.6 | 180 |
Fonio | 11 | 11.3 | 5.31 | 84.8 | 18 |
Rice | 6.8 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 10 |
Wheat | 11.8 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 5.3 | 41 |
Напомене
Референце
- ^ „Definition of millet”. Oxford Dictionaries. Oxford University. Приступљено 21. 7. 2017.
- ^ McDonough, Cassandrea M.; Rooney, Lloyd W.; Serna-Saldivar, Sergio O. (2000). „The Millets”. Food Science and Technology: Handbook of Cereal Science and Technology. CRC Press. 99 2nd ed: 177—210.
- ^ „Sorghum and millet in human nutrition”. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 1995.
- ^ „Annex II: Relative importance of millet species, 1992–94”. The World Sorghum and Millet Economies: Facts, Trends and Outlook. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 1996. ISBN 978-92-5-103861-1.
- ^ Cherfas, Jeremy (23. 12. 2015). „Millet: How A Trendy Ancient Grain Turned Nomads Into Farmers”. National Public Radio. The Salt. Приступљено 4. 5. 2018.
- ^ Fahad, S; Bajwa, A. A.; Nazir, U.; Anjum, S. A.; Farooq, A.; Zohaib, A.; Sadia, S.; Nasim, W.; Adkins, S.; Saud, S.; Ihsan, M. Z.; Alharby, H.; Wu, C.; Wang, D.; Huang, J. (2017). „Crop Production under Drought and Heat Stress: Plant Responses and Management Options”. Frontiers in Plant Science. 8: 1147. PMC 5489704 . PMID 28706531. doi:10.3389/fpls.2017.01147.
- ^ а б „Raw millet per 100 g, Full Report”. USDA National Nutrient Database, Release 28. 2015. Приступљено 3. 12. 2015.
- ^ Kumar, Ashwani; Tomer, Vidisha; Kaur, Amarjeet; Kumar, Vikas; Gupta, Kritika (2018-04-27). „Millets: a solution to agrarian and nutritional challenges”. Agriculture & Food Security. 7: 31. ISSN 2048-7010. doi:10.1186/s40066-018-0183-3 .
- ^ Millet Network of India.
Литература
- Crawford, Gary W. (1983). Paleoethnobotany of the Kameda Peninsula. Ann Arbor: Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan. ISBN 978-0-932206-95-4.
- Crawford, Gary W. (1992). „Prehistoric Plant Domestication in East Asia”. Ур.: Cowan C.W.; Watson P.J. The Origins of Agriculture: An International Perspective. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press. стр. 117—132. ISBN 978-0-87474-990-8.
- Crawford, Gary W. & Lee, Gyoung-Ah (2003). „Agricultural Origins in the Korean Peninsula”. Antiquity. 77 (295): 87—95. doi:10.1017/s0003598x00061378.
- „Millets”. Alternative Field Crops Manual.
Спољашње везе
- „Millet”. Encyclopædia Britannica (на језику: енглески). 18 (11 изд.). 1911.