Motorikša

Motorikša u Šri Lanci

Motorikša je motorizovana verzija vučene rikše ili biciklističke rikše. Most have three wheels and do not tilt. They are known by many terms in various countries including auto, auto/auto rickshaw taxi, baby taxi, pigeon, bajaj, chand gari, lapa, tuk-tuk, 3wheel or tukxi.

The auto rickshaw is a common form of urban transport, both as a vehicle for hire and for private use, in many countries around the world. They are especially common in countries with tropical or subtropical climates, since they usually are not fully enclosed, and in many developing countries because they are relatively inexpensive to own and operate. As of 2019, Bajaj Auto of Pune, India is the world's largest auto rickshaw manufacturer, selling 780,000 during the fiscal year.

There are many different auto rickshaw types, designs, and variations. The most common type is characterized by a sheet-metal body or open frame resting on three wheels; a canvas roof with drop-down side curtains; a small cabin at the front for the driver (sometimes known as an auto-wallah), with handlebar controls; and a cargo, passenger, or dual purpose space at the rear. Another common type is a motorcycle that has an expanded sidecar or, less often, is pushing or pulling a passenger compartment.

Poreklo

Dajhacu Midžetov model DKA

Tokom tridesetih godina prošlog veka Japan, koji je u to vreme bio najindustrijalizovanija zemlja istočne Azije, podstakao je razvoj motornih vozila, uključujući i jeftinija vozila na tri točka zasnovana na motociklima. Mazda-Go, otvoreni „kamion“ sa 3 točka, pušten u prodaju 1931. godine, često se smatra prvim pripadnikom od onoga što je postalo poznato kao autorikša. Kasnije te decenije japansko Ministarstvo pošte i telekomunikacija Japana distribuiralo je oko 20.000 polovnih trotočkaša u jugoistočnu Aziju kao deo napora da proširi svoj uticaj u tom regionu. Oni su postali popularni u pojedinim oblastima, posebno na Tajlandu, koji je razvio lokalnu proizvodnju i dizajn nakon što su trotočkaši prestali da se koriste u Japanu kada je japanska vlada ukinula dozvolu za upotrebu tri točkaša 1965. godine.

Proizvodnja u jugoistočnoj Aziji započela je montažne proizvodnjom Dajhacu Midžeta, koja je otpočela 1959. godine. Izuzetak je autohtono modifikovani filipinski tricikl, koji potiče od motocikla Rikuo Tip 97 sa prikolicom, koji je na ostrva uvela Japanska carska vojska tokom Drugog svetskog rata 1941. godine.

U Evropi je Koradino Daskanio, dizajner aviona u Pjađiu i izumitelj Vespe, došao na ideju da izgradi laka komercijalna vozila na tri točka za pogon posleratne ekonomske rekonstrukcije Italije. Pjađio ejp je bio sledeći model iz 1947. godine.

Literatura

• Bandyopadhyay, Subir (1990). Calcutta cycle-rickshaw pullers: a sociological study. Minerva Associates Publications. ISBN 978-8185195278. 
• Fung, Chi Ming (2005). Reluctant Heroes: Richshaw Pullers in Hong Kong And Canton, 1874-1954. Hong Kong University Press. Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. ISBN 978-9622097346. 
• Indian Institute of Economics (1962). A socio-economic survey of rickshaw drivers in Hyderabad City area. A.P. 
• Mulhall, Priscilla (2010). Solar-assisted Electric Auto Rickshaw Three Wheeler. Illinois Institute of Technology. 
• Warren, James Francis (2003). Rickshaw Coolie: A People's History of Singapore, 1880-1940. NUS Press. ISBN 978-9971692667. 
• Chamberlain, Basil Hall (1891). Things Japanese: being notes on various subjects connected with Japan for the use of travellers and others. K. Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co., Ltd. стр. 241–242. 
• Chris Rowthorn (2007). Chris Rowthorn, ур. Japan (10 изд.). Lonely Planet. стр. 44. ISBN 978-1741046670. 
• James Francis Warren (2003). Rickshaw Coolie: A People's History of Singapore, 1880-1940. NUS Press. стр. 14. ISBN 978-9971692667. 
• David Diefendorf (2007). Amazing . . . But False!: Hundreds of "Facts" You Thought Were True, But Aren't. Sterling Publishing Company. стр. 223. ISBN 978-1402737916. 
• Chris Carlsson (2002). Critical Mass: bicycling's defiant celebration. AK Press. стр. 170. ISBN 978-1902593593. 
• DK Publishing; Stephen Mansfield (2009). Eyewitness Top 10 Travel Guide Series: Tokyo. Penguin. стр. 84. ISBN 978-0756653675. 
• Louis Frédéric (2002). Japan enciklopedia. Käthe Roth (translator). Harvard University Press. стр. 424. ISBN 978-0674017535. 
• Boye De Mente (2010). Demetra De Ment, ур. The Bizarre and the Wondrous from the Land of the Rising Sun!. Cultural-Insight Books. стр. 94. ISBN 978-1456424756. 
• Parker, F. Calvin (1990). Jonathan Goble of Japan. New York: University Press of America. ISBN 978-0-8191-7639-4. 

Spoljašnje veze

• The India 1000 – an article in Wired about auto rickshaw racing