Robert Vudro Vilson — разлика између измена

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{{Short description|Američki astronom (rođen 1936)}}
{{Infokutija biografija-lat
{{Infokutija biografija-lat
| ime = Robert Vudro Vilson
| titula_prefiks =
| ime = Robert Vudro Vilson
| prezime =
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| slika = Robert Wilson (28215880301) (cropped).jpg
| slika = Robert Wilson (28215880301) (cropped).jpg
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| opis_slike = Robert Vudro Vilson 2016.
| opis_slike = Robert Vudro Vilson 2016.
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| dan_rođenja = 10.
| ime_po_rođenju =
| mesec_rođenja = januar
| ostala_imena =
| godina_rođenja = 1936.
| nadimak =
| mesto_rođenja = [[Hjuston]] ([[Teksas]])
| datum_rođenja = {{birth date and age|1936|1|10}}
| država_rođenja = [[Sjedinjene Američke Države|SAD]]
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| obrazovanje = [[Rice University|Rajs univerzitet]]<br />[[California Institute of Technology|Kalifornijski tehnološki institut]]
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| zanimanje = Astronom
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'''Robert Vudro Vilson''' ({{jez-engl-lat|Robert Woodrow Wilson}}; [[Hjuston]], [[10. januar]] [[1936]]) američki je astronom, [[Nobelova nagrada za fiziku|Nobelovac]] na polju fizike, koji je zajedno sa [[Arno Penzijas|Arnom Penzijasom]] otkrio 1964. godine [[Kosmičko pozadinsko zračenje|kosmičko pozadinsko zračenje]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mediatheque.lindau-nobel.org/laureates/wilson-2|title=Laureate - Robert W. Wilson|website=Lindau Nobel Mediatheque|language=en|access-date=2021-01-29}}</ref>
'''Robert Vudro Vilson''' ({{jez-engl-lat|Robert Woodrow Wilson}}; [[Hjuston]], [[10. januar]] [[1936]]) američki je [[astronomer|astronom]], [[Nobelova nagrada za fiziku|Nobelovac]] na polju fizike, koji je zajedno sa [[Arno Penzijas|Arnom Penzijasom]] otkrio 1964. godine [[Kosmičko pozadinsko zračenje|kosmičko pozadinsko zračenje]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.space.com/25945-cosmic-microwave-background-discovery-50th-anniversary.html|title=Cosmic Anniversary: 'Big Bang Echo' Discovered 50 Years Ago Today|last=May 2014|first=Mike Wall 20|website=Space.com|date=May 20, 2014|language=en|access-date=March 13, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1978/summary/|title=The Nobel Prize in Physics 1978|website=NobelPrize.org|language=en-US|access-date=March 13, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mediatheque.lindau-nobel.org/laureates/wilson-2|title=Laureate - Robert W. Wilson|website=Lindau Nobel Mediatheque|language=en|access-date=2021-01-29}}</ref>


[[Датотека:Wilson penzias200.jpg|thumb|left|125px|Penzijas i Vilson pored antene]]
[[Датотека:Wilson penzias200.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Penzijas i Vilson pored antene]]


Dok su radili na novom tipu antena u [[Белове лабораторије|Belovim laboratorijama]] u [[Њу Џерзи|Nju Džerziju]], pronašli su šum koji nisu mogli da objasne. Kada su odstranili sve potencijalne izvore, uključujući sletanje goluba na antenu, šum je konačno identifikovan kao [[Kosmičko pozadinsko zračenje|CMB]], koji je služio kao važna potvrda teorije [[Veliki prasak|Velikog praska]].
Dok su radili na novom [[Holmdel Horn Antenna|tipu antena]] u [[Белове лабораторије|Belovim laboratorijama]] u [[Њу Џерзи|Nju Džerziju]],<ref name="nrhpinv">{{cite web | url={{NHLS url|id=89002457}} | last=Butowsky | first=Harry | title=Holmdel Horn Antenna | work=National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination | publisher=[[National Park Service]] | date=1989-05-01}}</ref><ref>[http://www.nps.gov/history/nhl/designations/Lists/NJ01.pdf NJ NHL list]</ref><ref name="nhlsum">{{cite web|url=http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=2082&ResourceType=Structure|title=Holmdel Horn Antenna|date=2008-06-23|work=National Historic Landmark summary listing|publisher=National Park Service|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090225013531/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=2082&ResourceType=Structure|archivedate=2009-02-25}}</ref> pronašli su šum koji nisu mogli da objasne.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Penzias|first1 = A.A.|last2 = Wilson|first2=R.W.|title=A Measurement of Excess Antenna Temperature at 4080 Mc/s|journal=[[Astrophysical Journal]]|volume=142|pages=419–421|date=1965|doi=10.1086/148307|bibcode=1965ApJ...142..419P}}</ref><ref name="Penzias">{{cite journal | last1 = Penzias | first1 = A. A. | last2 = Wilson | first2 = R. W. | title = A Measurement of Excess Antenna Temperature at 4080 Mc/s | journal = Astrophysical Journal | volume = 142 | issue = | pages = 419–421 | publisher = [[American Astronomical Society]] | date = July 1965 | issn = | doi = 10.1086/148307 | id = | bibcode = 1965ApJ...142..419P}}</ref> Kada su odstranili sve potencijalne izvore, uključujući sletanje goluba na antenu, šum je konačno identifikovan kao [[Kosmičko pozadinsko zračenje|CMB]], koji je služio kao važna potvrda teorije [[Veliki prasak|Velikog praska]].
{{L|rut}}
In 1970, Wilson led a team that made the first detection of a rotational spectral line of carbon monoxide (CO) in an astronomical object, the [[Orion Nebula]], and eight other galactic sources.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Wilson|first1 = R.W.|last2 = Jefferts|first2=K.B.|last3=Penzias|first3=A.A.|title=Carbon Monoxide in the Orion Nebula|journal=[[Astrophysical Journal]]|volume=161|pages=L43–L44|date=1970|doi=10.1086/180567|bibcode=1970ApJ...161..L43P}}</ref> Subsequently, [[Carbon_monoxide#Astronomy|CO observations]] became the standard method of tracing cool molecular interstellar gas,<ref>{{cite journal|author=Combes, Françoise|year=1991|title=Distribution of CO in the Milky Way|journal=Annual Review of Astronomy & Astrophysics|volume=29|pages=195–237|bibcode=1991ARA&A..29..195C|doi=10.1146/annurev.aa.29.090191.001211}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author=Hamed, M.|year=2021|title=Multiwavelength dissection of a massive heavily dust-obscured galaxy and its blue companion at z∼2|journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics|volume=646|pages=A127|bibcode=2021A&A...646A.127H|doi=10.1051/0004-6361/202039577|arxiv=2101.07724|s2cid=231639096}}</ref><ref name="LAT-20140308">{{cite news|last=Khan|first=Amina|title=Did two planets around nearby star collide? Toxic gas holds hints|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|url=http://www.latimes.com/science/sciencenow/la-sci-sn-beta-pictoris-star-planet-gas-collision-comets-carbon-monoxide-20140307,0,1884709.story|access-date=March 9, 2014}}</ref><ref name="SCI-20140306">{{cite journal|vauthors=Dent, WR, Wyatt, MC, Roberge, A, Augereau, JC, Casassus, S, Corder, S, Greaves, JS, ((de Gregorio-Monsalvo, I)), Hales, A, Jackson, AP, Hughes, AM, Meredith A, Lagrange, AM, Matthews, B, Wilner, D|date=March 6, 2014|title=Molecular Gas Clumps from the Destruction of Icy Bodies in the β Pictoris Debris Disk|url=https://www.science.org/doi/abs/10.1126/science.1248726|journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]]|volume=343|issue=6178|pages=1490–1492|arxiv=1404.1380|bibcode=2014Sci...343.1490D|doi=10.1126/science.1248726|pmid=24603151|access-date=March 9, 2014|s2cid=206553853}}</ref> and detection of CO was the foundational event for the fields of millimeter and [[Submillimetre astronomy|submillimeter astronomy]].<ref name=ellesmere>{{cite web | url=http://almatelescope.ca/submmFuture-17feb2012/Presentations/Steinbring-Arctic.pdf | title=Recent Interest in Eureka on Ellesmere Island as a Submillimetre Observing Site | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150703235656/http://almatelescope.ca/submmFuture-17feb2012/Presentations/Steinbring-Arctic.pdf | archive-date=2015-07-03 }}</ref><ref name=summit>{{cite web | url=http://www.asiaa.sinica.edu.tw/~hirashita/dust_group/JuanCarlos220811.pdf | title=ASIAA sub-mm VLBI Project}}</ref>


== Život i rad ==
== Život i rad ==
Robert Vudro Vilson je rođen 10. januara 1936. u [[Hjuston]]u.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1978/wilson/biographical/|title=The Nobel Prize in Physics 1978|website=NobelPrize.org|language=en-US|access-date=2021-01-29}}</ref> Maturirao je u školi u [[River Ouks (Teksas)|River Ouksu]] a studije nastavio na univerzitetu Rajs. Diplomirao je na [[Kalifornija|Kalifornijskom]] tehnološkom univerzitetu. Vilson i Penzijas su takođe osvojili Henri Draper medalju na Nacionalnoj akademiji nauka 1977.
Robert Vudro Vilson je rođen 10. januara 1936. u [[Hjuston]]u.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1978/wilson/biographical/|title=The Nobel Prize in Physics 1978|website=NobelPrize.org|language=en-US|access-date=2021-01-29}}</ref><ref name="HISDAlumni">"[http://www.houstonisd.org/HISDConnectDS/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=c3783acb02efc010VgnVCM10000052147fa6RCRD Distinguished HISD Alumni] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120206123543/http://www.houstonisd.org/HISDConnectDS/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=c3783acb02efc010VgnVCM10000052147fa6RCRD |date=February 6, 2012 }}," ''[[Houston Independent School District]]''</ref> Maturirao je u školi u [[River Ouks (Teksas)|River Ouksu]] a studije nastavio na univerzitetu Rajs. Diplomirao je na [[Kalifornija|Kalifornijskom]] tehnološkom univerzitetu. Vilson i Penzijas su takođe osvojili [Henry Draper Medal[|Henri Drejper]] medalju na [[United States National Academy of Sciences|Nacionalnoj akademiji nauka]] 1977.<ref name=Draper>{{cite web|title=Henry Draper Medal|url=http://www.nasonline.org/about-nas/awards/henry-draper-medal.html|publisher=[[National Academy of Sciences]]|access-date=February 24, 2011}}</ref> Wilson received the Golden Plate Award of the [[Academy of Achievement|American Academy of Achievement]] in 1987.<ref>{{cite web|title= Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement |website=www.achievement.org|publisher=[[American Academy of Achievement]]|url=https://achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/#science-exploration}}</ref>

Wilson remained at Bell Laboratories until 1994, when he was named a senior scientist at the [[Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics|Center for Astrophysics {{!}} Harvard & Smithsonian]] in Cambridge, Massachusetts.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fofweb.com/History/MainPrintPage.asp?iPin=AS0290&DataType=AmericanHistory&WinType=Free |title=Facts on File History Database Center |access-date=April 2, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407073319/http://www.fofweb.com/History/MainPrintPage.asp?iPin=AS0290&DataType=AmericanHistory&WinType=Free |archive-date=April 7, 2014 }}</ref>

Wilson has been a resident of [[Holmdel Township, New Jersey]].<ref>Nobel Lectures, Physics 1971–1980, Editor Stig Lundqvist, World Scientific Publishing Co., Singapore, 1992. {{Nobelprize|name=Autobiography}}. Accessed March 15, 2011. "We still live in the house in Holmdel which we bought when I first came to Bell Laboratories."</ref>

Wilson married Elizabeth Rhoads Sawin<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1978/wilson-bio.html|title=Robert Woodrow Wilson - Biographical|website=www.nobelprize.org|access-date=June 7, 2016}}</ref> in 1958.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nndb.com/people/938/000099641/|title=Robert Woodrow Wilson|website=www.nndb.com|access-date=June 7, 2016}}</ref>

Wilson is one of the 20 American recipients of the Nobel Prize in Physics to sign a letter addressed to President [[George W. Bush]] in May 2008, urging him to "reverse the damage done to basic science research in the Fiscal Year 2008 Omnibus Appropriations Bill" by requesting additional emergency funding for the [[United States Department of Energy|Department of Energy]]'s [[Office of Science]], the [[National Science Foundation]], and the [[National Institute of Standards and Technology]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=A Letter from America's Physics Nobel Laureates|url=https://fire.pppl.gov/nobel_bush_fy08_050808.pdf}}</ref>

Wilson was elected to the [[American Philosophical Society]] in 2009.<ref>{{Cite web|title=APS Member History|url=https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Robert+W.+Wilson&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced|access-date=2021-04-23|website=search.amphilsoc.org}}</ref>


== Reference ==
== Reference ==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}

== Literatura ==
{{refbegin|30em}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120206123543/http://www.houstonisd.org/HISDConnectDS/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=c3783acb02efc010VgnVCM10000052147fa6RCRD "Distinguished HISD Alumni]", [[Houston Independent School District]], Houston, Texas, 2008.
* Cite Video | BBC/WGBH BOSTON | NOVA #519 | A Whisper From Space | Copyright 1978 | Available With Permission | Consolidated Aircraft - Ronkonkoma, New York
* {{cite journal | last = Crawford | first = A.B. | authorlink = |author2=D. C. Hogg |author3=L. E. Hunt | title = Project Echo: A Horn-Reflector Antenna for Space Communication | journal = Bell System Technical Journal | volume = 40 | issue = 4 | pages = 1095–1099 | publisher = AT&T | location = USA | date = July 1961 | url = http://www3.alcatel-lucent.com/bstj/vol40-1961/articles/bstj40-4-1095.pdf | issn = | doi =10.1002/j.1538-7305.1961.tb01639.x}} on [http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/bstj/ Alcatel-Lucent website]
* Richard Learner, ''Astronomy Through the Telescope'' (New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, 1981), p.&nbsp;154.
* A.B. Crawford, D. C. Hogg, and L. E. Hunt, "Project Echo: A Horn Antenna for Space Communication," ''Bell System Technical Journal'' (July 1961), pp. 1095–1099.
* Aaronson, Steve. "The Light of Creation: An Interview with Arno A. Penzias and Robert W. Wilson." ''Bell Laboratories Record''. January 1979, pp.&nbsp;12–18.
* Abell, George O. ''Exploration of the Universe''. 4th ed., Philadelphia: Saunders College Publishing, 1982.
* Asimov, Isaac. ''Asimov's Biographical Encyclopedia of Science and Technology''. 2nd ed., New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1982.
* Bernstein, Jeremy. ''Three Degrees Above Zero: Bell Labs in the Information Age''. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1984.
* Chown, Marcus. "A Cosmic Relic in Three Degrees," ''New Scientist'', September 29, 1988, pp.&nbsp;51–55.
* Crawford, A.B., D.C. Hogg and L.E. Hunt. "Project Echo: A Horn-Reflector Antenna for Space Communication," ''The Bell System Technical Journal'', July 961, pp.&nbsp;1095–1099.
* Disney, Michael. ''The Hidden Universe''. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1984.
* Ferris, Timothy. ''The Red Limit: The Search for the Edge of the Universe''. 2nd ed., New York: Quill Press, 1978.
* Friedman, Herbert. ''The Amazing Universe''. Washington, DC: National Geographic Society, 1975.
* Hey, J.S. ''The Evolution of Radio Astronomy''. New York: Neale Watson Academic Publications, Inc., 1973.
* Jastrow, Robert. ''God and the Astronomers''. New York : W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1978.
* [[H.T. Kirby-Smith]] ''U.S. Observatories: A Directory and Travel Guide''. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, 1976.
* Learner, Richard. ''Astronomy Through the Telescope''. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, 1981.
* Penzias, A.A., and R. W. Wilson. "A Measurement of the Flux Density of CAS A At 4080 Mc/s," ''Astrophysical Journal Letters'', May 1965, pp.&nbsp;1149–1154.
* {{cite journal|last1=Lellouch|first1=E.|last2=de Bergh|first2=C.|last3=Sicardy|first3=B.|last4=Ferron|first4=S.|last5=Käufl|first5=H.-U.|year=2010|title=Detection of CO in Triton's atmosphere and the nature of surface-atmosphere interactions|journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics|volume=512|pages=L8|arxiv=1003.2866|bibcode=2010A&A...512L...8L|doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201014339|issn=0004-6361|s2cid=58889896}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Greenberg|first1=J. Mayo|date=1998|title=Making a comet nucleus|journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics|volume=330|pages=375|bibcode=1998A&A...330..375G}}
* {{cite web|last=Yeomans|first=Donald K.|date=2005|title=Comets (World Book Online Reference Center 125580)|url=http://www.nasa.gov/worldbook/comet_worldbook.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050429084558/http://www.nasa.gov/worldbook/comet_worldbook.html|archive-date=29 April 2005|access-date=18 August 2022|quote=About 80 percent of the ice is water ice, and frozen carbon monoxide makes up another 15 percent.|publisher=NASA|df=dmy-all}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Christopher Glein and Hunter Waite|date=May 11, 2018|title=Primordial N2 provides a cosmo chemical explanation for the existence of Sputnik Planitia, Pluto|journal=Icarus|volume=313|pages=79–92|arxiv=1805.09285|bibcode=2018Icar..313...79G|doi=10.1016/j.icarus.2018.05.007|s2cid=102343522}}
{{refend}}


== Spoljašnje veze ==
== Spoljašnje veze ==
Ред 35: Ред 127:
* [http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1978/wilson-bio.html Nobelova nagrada]
* [http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1978/wilson-bio.html Nobelova nagrada]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060828140646/http://alsos.wlu.edu/qsearch.aspx?browse=people%2FWilson%2C+Robert Biografija]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060828140646/http://alsos.wlu.edu/qsearch.aspx?browse=people%2FWilson%2C+Robert Biografija]
* {{Nobelprize}} including the Nobel Lecture, December 8, 1978 ''The Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation''

{{klica-fizičar}}


{{Nobelova nagrada za fiziku-lat}}
{{Nobelova nagrada za fiziku-lat}}
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{{normativna kontrola-lat}}{{portal bar-lat|Astronomija|Fizika|Sjedinjene Američke Države}}
{{portal bar-lat|Astronomija|Fizika|Sjedinjene Američke Države}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Вилсон, Роберт Вудро}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Вилсон, Роберт Вудро}}

Верзија на датум 11. септембар 2022. у 19:03

Robert Vudro Vilson
Robert Vudro Vilson 2016.
Datum rođenja(1936-01-10)10. јануар 1936.(88 год.)
Mesto rođenjaHjuston (Teksas)
 SAD
PrebivališteSAD
DržavljanstvoSAD
ObrazovanjeRajs univerzitet
Kalifornijski tehnološki institut
ZanimanjeAstronom
DelovanjeFizika
RadoviKosmičko pozadinsko zračenje
SupružnikElizabet Roads Savin (в. 1958)
NagradeNobelova nagrada za fiziku (1978)

Robert Vudro Vilson (engl. Robert Woodrow Wilson; Hjuston, 10. januar 1936) američki je astronom, Nobelovac na polju fizike, koji je zajedno sa Arnom Penzijasom otkrio 1964. godine kosmičko pozadinsko zračenje.[1][2][3]

Датотека:Wilson penzias200.jpg
Penzijas i Vilson pored antene

Dok su radili na novom tipu antena u Belovim laboratorijama u Nju Džerziju,[4][5][6] pronašli su šum koji nisu mogli da objasne.[7][8] Kada su odstranili sve potencijalne izvore, uključujući sletanje goluba na antenu, šum je konačno identifikovan kao CMB, koji je služio kao važna potvrda teorije Velikog praska.

In 1970, Wilson led a team that made the first detection of a rotational spectral line of carbon monoxide (CO) in an astronomical object, the Orion Nebula, and eight other galactic sources.[9] Subsequently, CO observations became the standard method of tracing cool molecular interstellar gas,[10][11][12][13] and detection of CO was the foundational event for the fields of millimeter and submillimeter astronomy.[14][15]

Život i rad

Robert Vudro Vilson je rođen 10. januara 1936. u Hjustonu.[16][17] Maturirao je u školi u River Ouksu a studije nastavio na univerzitetu Rajs. Diplomirao je na Kalifornijskom tehnološkom univerzitetu. Vilson i Penzijas su takođe osvojili [Henry Draper Medal[|Henri Drejper]] medalju na Nacionalnoj akademiji nauka 1977.[18] Wilson received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement in 1987.[19]

Wilson remained at Bell Laboratories until 1994, when he was named a senior scientist at the Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian in Cambridge, Massachusetts.[20]

Wilson has been a resident of Holmdel Township, New Jersey.[21]

Wilson married Elizabeth Rhoads Sawin[22] in 1958.[23]

Wilson is one of the 20 American recipients of the Nobel Prize in Physics to sign a letter addressed to President George W. Bush in May 2008, urging him to "reverse the damage done to basic science research in the Fiscal Year 2008 Omnibus Appropriations Bill" by requesting additional emergency funding for the Department of Energy's Office of Science, the National Science Foundation, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology.[24]

Wilson was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 2009.[25]

Reference

  1. ^ May 2014, Mike Wall 20 (20. 5. 2014). „Cosmic Anniversary: 'Big Bang Echo' Discovered 50 Years Ago Today”. Space.com (на језику: енглески). Приступљено 13. 3. 2020. 
  2. ^ „The Nobel Prize in Physics 1978”. NobelPrize.org (на језику: енглески). Приступљено 13. 3. 2020. 
  3. ^ „Laureate - Robert W. Wilson”. Lindau Nobel Mediatheque (на језику: енглески). Приступљено 2021-01-29. 
  4. ^ Butowsky, Harry (1989-05-01). „Holmdel Horn Antenna”. National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination. National Park Service. 
  5. ^ NJ NHL list
  6. ^ „Holmdel Horn Antenna”. National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. 2008-06-23. Архивирано из оригинала 2009-02-25. г. 
  7. ^ Penzias, A.A.; Wilson, R.W. (1965). „A Measurement of Excess Antenna Temperature at 4080 Mc/s”. Astrophysical Journal. 142: 419—421. Bibcode:1965ApJ...142..419P. doi:10.1086/148307. 
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