Psihologija rada

Psihologija rada (poslovna psihologija) je ogranak psihologije koji proučava zavisnost uspeha u radu od različitih psihičkih faktora, kao i uticaj pojedinih vrsta poslova i radnih uslova na psihički život onih koji rade. Najrazvijeniji deo psihologije rada jeste industrijska psihologija, koja se bavi psihološkim pitanjima rada u industriji. Krajni cilj je humanizacija rada sa ljudima uz postizanje što veće efikasnosti i ostvarivanja maksimalnog individualnog i kolektivnog potencijala. Poslovni psiholog se bavi savetovanjem, obukom, unapređenjem ljudskih resursa kao i psihofiziološkim i organizacijskim aspektima rada, da bi se obezbedio individualni uspeh i prosperitet zaposlenih u svim oblastima pa sa tim i siguran uspjeh i bolje poslovanje preduzeća.

Psihologija rada nastala je u Americi u periodu industrijalizacije (krajem XIX veka). Tejlor je veoma doprineo ovoj oblasti. Radio je kao inženjer u Fordovim fabrikama u kojima je uvodio principe naučne organizacije rada. Osnivač psihologije rada je Amerikanac nemačkog porekla Hjugo Minsterberg.

Da bi organizacija odgovorila zahtevima modernog doba, neophodno je vršiti kvalitetnu i efikasnu regrutaciju i selekciju, odabrati prave ljude za posao i efikasno koristiti ljudske potencijale, motivisati radnike, eliminisati odsustva, uvesti pravedno nagrađivanje, sisteme napredovanja i donositi odluke na osnovu trenutnih informacija. Stručna selekcija i orijentacija zaposlenih omogućuje da zaposleni budu dobro raspoređeni, i to na osnovu svojih sposobnosti, sklonosti i motivisanosti za rad i da u kompaniji pravi čovek bude na pravom mestu.

Poslovni psiholozi su poznavaoci osnova psihologije rada, psihologije menadžmenta, psihologije marketinga, upravljanja ljudskim resursima, organizacionog ponašanja, psihologije uspeha, poslovnih komunikacija, savetovanja, pravnih propisa s područja rada i radnih odnosa, zdravstvenog osiguranja i zdravstvene zaštite, socijalne zaštite i zaštite na radu. Moraju poznavati zakone i zakonske propise, interne propise preduzeća ili organizacije u kojoj su zaposleni (statut, pravilnike, ugovore, kolektivne ugovore). Zaduženi su za kreiranje kadrovske dokumentacije, učestvovanje u obračun plate zaposlenih i izveštaje po zadatim kriterijumima za veliki broj zaposlenih.

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Spoljašnje veze

• Canadian Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology
• European Academy of Occupational Health Psychology