Jevsevije Kesarijski

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Jevsevije Kesarijski

Jevsevije Kesarijski ili Jevsevije Pamfil (grč. Εὐσέβιος τῆς Καισαρείας; nakon 260 — 30. maj 339), episkop rodne Kesarije, crkveni istoričar, egzegeta i polemičar.[1] Za sobom je ostavio veliki broj dela od kojih se naročito ističu dva istoriografska naslova — Crkvena istorija (od Hristovog vremena do Konstantinove pobede nad Licinijem 324. godine) i Život Konstantinov.[2]

Osnovne činjenice[uredi | uredi izvor]

Bio je prvi hrišćanski istoričar, erudita, apologeta, filolog; sabrao je sva dokumenta i podatke koji se tiču događaja i hrišćanskih ustanova, pisaca i mučenika prve Crkve. U Crkvenoj istoriji sakupio je ne samo najvažniji istorijski materijal o prvobitnom hrišćanstvu, nego je prepisao i odlomke tekstova, komentara i akata od velike vrednosti za rekonstrukciju postapostolske tradicije. U Hronici ili Hronološkim kanonima sintetički izlaže stablo sa datumima iz sveštene i profane istorije. Jevsevije Kesarijski je formulisao svoju ličnu koncepciju o istoriji sveta i Crkve, afirmišući u procesu istorije pedagogiku Božiju koja uvek potvrđuje pobedničku Crkvu. U taj proces pobedničke Crkve upisuje se i pobeda cara Konstantina, kome je sačinio biografiju u spisu Život Konstantinov. Carska ličnost i institucije nisu ništa drugo do zemaljski odsjaj božanske suverenosti. Saradnik Pamfilov (bibliotekar u Kesariji), učenik Origenov, on podržava u početku Arija, ali posle Nikeje postaje sledbenik Pravoslavnih. U Jevanđeljskoj pripremi otkriva patrimonijum nehrišćanskih religija.

O Crkvenoj istoriji[uredi | uredi izvor]

Crkvena istorija je napisana 315. godine i daje najranija pisana svedočanstva o Konstantinovom obraćenju u hrišćanstvo. Život Konstantinov Jevsevije je završio uoči svoje smrti 339. g. Zbog pojedinih, kako jezičkih tako i istoriografskih odstupanja od ranijeg dela, ovo delo je pod lupom istoričara koji veruju da je nastalo između druge polovine IV i početka V veka od nepoznatog autora.[3]

Osporavanje autentičnosti[uredi | uredi izvor]

Prvi autori koji su dali grubu hronologiju drevnosti bili su Jevsevije Pamfil i sveti Jeronim, koji se tradicionalno smeštaju u IV vek. Međutim, njihovi su tekstovi pronađeni tek u kasnom srednjem veku. Osnovu hronologije Jevsevije je dao u Istoriji vremena od početka sveta do Nikejskog sabora (takozvana Hronika). Grčki original sada postoji samo u odlomcima i dopunjuje se slobodnim latinskim prevodom Blaženog Jeronima. Čudno je da je Nikifor Kalista u XIV veku preduzeo „pokušaj da napiše novu istoriju prva tri veka, ali nije mogao da uradi ništa više, već da ponovi ono što je rekao Jevsevije“.

Pošto je Jevsevijev rad bio objavljen tek 1544. tj. posle Nikifora, umesno je postaviti pitanje: nije li danas poznata „Jevsevijeva verzija“ zasnovana na radu Nikifora Kalista? Bikerman tim povodom osnovano primećuje: „Hrišćanski istoričari su svetovnu hronografiju stavili u službu svete istorije… Kompilacija Jeronima, koji je ’slobodno prepričavao Jevsevija’, postala je osnova hronoloških znanja na Zapadu. Josif Skaliger, osnivač savremene hronologije kao nauke, pokušao je da rekonstruiše ceo Jevsevijev rad… Jevsevijeva datiranja (osnivača hronologije), koja su u rukopisima često pogrešno prenošena, danas su od male koristi…“

Ipak, danas nema mnogo naučnika koji sistematski osporavaju autentičnost ovog spisa. Naprotiv, većina prihvata da je ovaj spis autentičan, pogotovu zbog toga što njegova analiza pokazuje teološka stremljenja koja se i inače vezuju za Jevsevija.

Reference[uredi | uredi izvor]

  1. ^ Barnes 1981, str. 94, 278.
  2. ^ Srpski prevod sa propratnom studijom o Jevseviju: Prodić 2013a.
  3. ^ Srpski prevod: Prodić 2013b.

Literatura[uredi | uredi izvor]

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Spoljašnje veze[uredi | uredi izvor]

Jevsevije Kesarijski na Vikimedijinoj ostavi.
Preuzeto iz „https://sr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Јевсевије_Кесаријски&oldid=27547986”