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Dinastija Ljao

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Teritorije dinastije Ljao godine 1111. (roze)
Istorija Kine
Istorija Kine
ANTIKA
Neolit c. 8500 – c. 2070 p. n. e.
Dinastija Sja c. 2070 – c. 1600 p. n. e.
Dinastija Šang c. 1600 – c. 1046 p. n. e.
Dinastija Džou c. 1046 – 256 p. n. e.
 Zapadni Džou
 Istočni Džou
   Proleće i Jesen
   Zaraćene države
CARSTVO
Dinastija Ćin 221–206 p. n. e.
Dinastija Han 206 p. n. e. – 220 n. e.
  Zapadni Han
  Dinastija Sin
  Istočni Han
Tri kraljevstva 220–280
  Vej, Šu i Vu
Dinastija Đin 265–420
  Zapadni Đin
  Istočni Đin Šesnaest
kraljevstava
Južne i Sjeverne dinastije
420–589
Dinastija Suej 581–618
Dinastija Tang 618–907
  (Druga Džou dinastija 690–705)
Pet dinastija i
deset kraljevstava

907–960
Dinastija Ljao
907–1125
Dinastija Sung
960–1279
  Severni Sung Zapadni Sja
  Južni Sung Đin
Dinastija Juan 1271–1368
Dinastija Ming 1368–1644
Dinastija Ćing 1644–1911
SAVREMENO DOBA
Republika Kina 1912–1949
Narodna Republika
Kina

1949–sadašnjost
Republika
Kina (Tajvan)

1949–sadašnjost

Dinastija Ljao (kineski jezik: 遼朝, tradicionalno kinesko pismo:辽朝);[1] takođe poznata i kao Kitansko Carstvo (kineski: 契丹國, Qìdān Guó; kitanski: Mos diau-d kitai huldʒi gur),[2] bila je država u istočnoj Aziji koja je kao carstvo vladala Mongolijom, kao i delovima današnjeg Kazahstana, ruskog Dalekog istoka i severne Kine između 907.[3][4] i 1125. Osnovao ju je kitanski veliki kan Tai-cu u vreme kolapsa kineske carske dinastije Tang.

Dinastija je nastala iz konsolidacije moći među Kidanima u 8. veku i njihovih ekspanzionističkih kampanja u drugoj polovini 9. veka. Na kraju je poglavar Jila, Abaođi, postao vođa Kitana i proglasio dinastičku državu u kineskom stilu 916. Dinastija Ljao je pokrenula više vojnih kampanja protiv susednih država i naroda, uključujući Kumo Si, Šivej, Tatare, Zubu, Kongirad, Balhoj , Korjo, Kasniji Tang i dinastija Sung. Njena osvajanja obuhvataju šesnaest prefektura (uključujući današnji Peking i deo Hebeja) podsticanjem proksi rata koji je doveo do kolapsa kasnijeg Tanga (923–936). Godine 1004, dinastija Ljao je pokrenula ekspediciju protiv dinastije Severni Sung. Nakon teških borbi i velikih žrtava između dva carstva, strane su sklopile Čanjuanski sporazum. Kroz sporazum, dinastija Ljao je primorala Severni Sung da ih prizna kao pandane i najavila eru mira i stabilnosti između dve sile koja je trajala oko 120 godina. To je bila prva država koja je kontrolisala čitavu Mandžuriju.[5]

Ljao Carstvo je uništila dinastija Đin 1125 godine. Delovi kitanskog naroda pod vodstvom Jeli Dašija su prebegli i osnovali dinastiju Zapadni Sja, takođe poznatu i kao Kara-Kitanski Kanat. Ona je stekla značajan uticaj na Centralnu Aziju i održala se sve do mongolske invazije pod Džingis Kanom 1220.

Dinastija Ljao[uredi | uredi izvor]

Kineski: 辽朝 (Liáocháo)


Na vlasti od 907. do 1125. godine.

Posthumno ime Hramovno ime Lično ime1 Vladarsko ime Period vladavine
Konvencija za navođenje: hramovno ime.
Car Lije-tijen
烈天皇帝 (Liètiān huángdì)
Tai-cu
太祖 (Tàizǔ)
Je-li A-bao-đi
耶律阿保机 (Yēlǜ Ābǎojī)
bez imena
Šen-c’ (神册)
Tijen-can (天赞)
Tijen-sjen (天显)
907—916
916—922
922—926
926
Car Hui-ven
惠文皇帝 (Huìwén huángdì)
Tai-cung
太宗 (Tàizōng)
Je-li Jao-gu
耶律尧骨 (Yēlǜ Yáogǔ)
Tijen-sjen (天显)
Hui-tung (会同)
Da-tung (大同)
926—938
938—947
947
Car Džuang-sjen
庄宪皇帝 (Zhuāngxiàn huángdì)
Š’-cung
世宗 (Shìzōng)
Je-li Vu-ji
耶律兀欲 (Yēlǜ Wùyù)
Tijen-lu (天禄) 947—951
Car Đing-dženg
敬正皇帝 (Jìngzhèng huángdì)
Mu-cung
穆宗 (Mùzōng)
Je-li Šu-li
耶律述律 (Yēlǜ Shùlǜ)
Jing-li (应历) 951—969
Car Kang-đing
康靖皇帝 (Kāngjìng huángdì)
Đing-cung
景宗 (Jǐngzōng)
Je-li Ming-ji
耶律明扆 (Yēlǜ Míngyǐ)
Bao-ning (保宁)
Ćijen-heng (乾亨)
969—979
979—982
Car Sjao-sjuen
孝宣皇帝 (Xiàoxuān huángdì)
Šeng-cung
圣宗 (Shèngzōng)
Je-li Ven-šu-nu
耶律文殊奴 (Yēlǜ Wénshūnú)
Ćijen-heng (乾亨)
Tung-h’ (统和)
Kai-tai (开泰)
Tai-ping (太平)
982
983—1012
1012—1021
1021—1031
Car Sjao-džang
孝章皇帝 (Xiàozhāng huángdì)
Sjing-cung
兴宗 (Xìngzōng)
Je-li Dž’-gu
耶律只骨 (Yēlǜ Zhīgǔ)
Đing-fu (景福)
Čung-sji (重熙)
1031—1032
1032—1055
Car Sjao-ven
孝文皇帝 (Xiàowén huángdì)
Dao-cung
道宗 (Dàozōng)
Je-li Dža-la
耶律查剌 (Yēlǜ Zhālà)
Ćing-ning (清宁)
Sjen-jung (咸雍)
Tai-kang (太康)
Da-an (大安)
Šou-čang (寿昌)
1055—1064
1065—1074
1075—1084
1085—1094
1095—1101
Car Tijen-cuo
天祚皇帝 (Tiānzuò huángdì)
nema Je-li A-guo
耶律阿果 (Yēlǜ Āguǒ)
Ćijen-tung (乾统)
Tijen-ćing (天庆)
Bao-da (保大)
1101—1110
1111—1120
1121—1125
1. Vladarska kuća dinastije Ljao nije pripadala nacionalnosti Han, nego danas izumrloj proto-mongolskoj etničkoj grupi Kitan (kin. 契丹, Qìdān) sa područja Mandžurije. U tabeli su data njihova kitanska lična imena. Kineska imena koja su koristili data su u članku o ovoj dinastiji.

Reference[uredi | uredi izvor]

  1. ^ „The State Name of the Liao Dynasty was not “Qara Khitai (Liao Khitai )”: with Presumptions of Phonetic Values of Khitai Large Script  and Khitai Small Script  (遼朝國號非「哈喇契丹(遼契丹)」考:兼擬契丹大字及契丹小字的音値)” (PDF). Arhivirano iz originala (PDF) 27. 9. 2011. g. Pristupljeno 4. 2. 2012. 
  2. ^ „Original Meaning of Dan gur in the Khitai Scripts: with a Discussion of the State Name of the Dongdanguo (契丹文dan gur與「東丹國」國號:兼評劉浦江「再談“東丹國”國号問題」)” (PDF). Arhivirano iz originala (PDF) 27. 9. 2011. g. Pristupljeno 4. 2. 2012. 
  3. ^ Turchin, Adams, and Hall (2006), 222.
  4. ^ Rein Taagepera (September 1997). "Expansion and Contraction Patterns of Large Polities: Context for Russia". International Studies Quarterly 41 (3): 475–504.
  5. ^ Hudson, Mark James (1999). Ruins of Identity: Ethnogenesis in the Japanese Islands. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0824821562 — preko Google Books. 

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