Mongoli

S Vikipedije, slobodne enciklopedije

Mongoli
Mongolski budistički monah, 1913
Ukupna populacija
oko 10–11 miliona
Regioni sa značajnom populacijom
 Kina6.278.722 (izuzimajući Daure)[1]
 Mongolija     3.201.377[2]
 Rusija651.355[3]
 Južna Koreja41,500[4]
 Sjedinjene Države18.000–20.500[5]
 Češka Republika10.200[6]
 Kirgistan10.000[7]
 Japan7.340[8]
 Kanada7.480[9]
 Nemačka4,056[8]
 Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo3.331[8]
 Kazahstan2.723[8]
 Francuska2.459[8]
 Turska2.143[8]
 Austrija2.007[10]
Jezici
mongolski
Religija
Uglavnom tibetanski budizam,[11][12][13] u manjoj meri mongolski šamanizam (tengrizam),[14] sunizam, pravoslavna crkva, taoizam, bon, protestantizam

Pod pojmom Mongoli se, u užem smislu, podrazumijevaju etnički Mongoli, koji se jezički mogu grubo podeliti na Istočne i Zapadne Mongole. U širem smislu, pod tim nazivom se podrazumevaju i mongolski narodi, dakle, narodi koji govore nekim mongolskim jezikom. Oni pak, po pravilu, sami sebe nazivaju drugim imenima. Uglavnom su nastanjeni u Aziji, ali ih ima i u Evropi. Narodi iz ove grupe su Halha Mongoli, Kalmici, Burjati, Ojrati, itd. Čine većinu stanovništva u državi Mongoliji, kao i u Republici Kalmikiji (deo Rusije). U manjem broju ih ima i u Republici Burjatiji (Rusija), Unutrašnjoj Mongoliji (Kina), kao i na još nekim područjima.

Poreklo imena[uredi | uredi izvor]

Područja nastanjena mongolskim narodima
Razmeštaj Mongola u Mongoliji i NR Kini

Ime „Mongol“ potiče iz tunguskih jezika i znači „nepobedivi“. Nekada se odnosilo na jedno malo, beznačajno pleme koje je živelo u srednjem toku reke Onon. Kasnije se, za vreme Džingis-kana u 13. veku uobičajilo kao grupni naziv za čitav narod.

Današnje mongolske etničke grupe[uredi | uredi izvor]

U raznim državama u kojima žive pripadnici mongolskih naroda i etničkih grupa linije razgraničenja između „plemena“ i „naroda“ se jako razlikuju. U zemlji sa najvećim brojem mongolskog stanovništva, Narodnoj Republici Kini, Mongole smatraju jednim narodom. Timed, Čahar, Ordos, Bargut, Burjat i Ojrat Mongoli se svi smatraju delom naroda Mongola. Uz njih, postoje i drugi narodi koji govore mongolskim jezicima, kao što su: Daur, Tu, Dongsjang, Bonar i deo naroda Jogur. Oni se, kao što je rečeno, ne smatraju Mongolima po narodnosti, nego čine posebne etnicitete.

U državi Mongoliji žive tri plemena istočnih Mongola i jedno zapadnih Mongola.

I u Rusiji živi nekoliko grupa koje pripadaju istočnim i zapadnim Mongolima (npr. Kalmici, Burjati).

Narodi Mogol, Hazara i Ajmaci, koji su jednim delom mongolskog porekla, žive raštrkani i u Avganistanu i u Pakistanu.

Prema gorenavedenom principu, u 2000. godini je u popisu stanovništva u Kini živelo 5.813,947 Mongola. Smatra se da Mongola na svetu ima do 10 miliona.

Vidi još[uredi | uredi izvor]

Reference[uredi | uredi izvor]

  1. ^ Demographics of China
  2. ^ „Mongolыn үndэsniй statistikiйn horoo”. National Statistical Office of Mongolia. Pristupljeno 2013-11-14. 
  3. ^ 2,986 Mongols proper, 461,389 Buryats, 183,372 Kalmyks, 3,608 Soyots (Russian Census (2010))
  4. ^ „'Korean Dream' fills Korean classrooms in Mongolia”, The Chosun Ilbo, 24. 04. 2008, Arhivirano iz originala 23. 9. 2008. g., Pristupljeno 06. 02. 2009 
  5. ^ Bahrampour, Tara (2006-07-03). „Mongolians Meld Old, New In Making Arlington Home”. The Washington Post. Pristupljeno 2007-09-05. 
  6. ^ „T13 Cizinci podle typu pobytu a pohlaví - 25 nejčastějších státních občanství k 30. 6. 2020” (PDF). czso.cz (na jeziku: Czech). Pristupljeno 30. 7. 2021. 
  7. ^ President of Mongoli Received the Kalmyk Citizens of the Kyrgyz. 2012 Arhivirano 2016-12-06 na sajtu Wayback Machine
  8. ^ a b v g d đ „Mongolia National Census” (PDF) (na jeziku: mongolski). National Statistical Office of Mongolia. 2010. Arhivirano iz originala (PDF) 15. 9. 2011. g. Pristupljeno 29. 1. 2017. 
  9. ^ „File not found | Fichier non trouvé”. 
  10. ^ „Bevölkerung nach Staatsangehörigkeit und Geburtsland” [Population by citizenship and country of birth] (na jeziku: nemački). Statistik Austria. 3. 7. 2014. Pristupljeno 21. 8. 2014. 
  11. ^ National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China (april 2012). Tabulation of the 2010 Population Census of the People's Republic of China. China Statistics Press. ISBN 978-7-5037-6507-0. Pristupljeno 19. 02. 2013. 
  12. ^ China.org.cn – The Mongolian ethnic minority
  13. ^ China.org.cn – The Mongolian Ethnic Group
  14. ^ Bira 2011.

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Spoljašnje veze[uredi | uredi izvor]

Mongoli na Vikimedijinoj ostavi.
Preuzeto iz „https://sr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Монголи&oldid=27738880”