Civilizacija doline Inda

Istorija Južne Azije Istorija Indije
Kameno doba	70.000–7000. p. n. e.
Kultura Mergar	7000–3300. p. n. e.
Civilizacija doline Inda	3.300.–1700. p. n. e.
Kasna Harapa kultura	1700.–1300. p. n. e..
Vedska civilizacija	1500.–500. p. n. e.
· Kraljevstva antičke Indije	· 1200.–700. p. n. e.
Mahadžanapadi	700.–300. p. n. e.
Carstvo Magada	684.–26. p. n. e.
· Maurijsko carstvo	· 321.–184. p. n. e.
Srednja kraljevstva Indije	230. p. n. e.–1279. nove ere
· Satavahana carstvo	· 230. p. n. e.–199. nove ere
· Kušansko carstvo	· 60.–240. nove ere
· Gupta carstvo	· 240.–550.
· Čola carstvo	· 848.–1279.
Islamski sultanati u Indiji	1210.–1596.
· Delhijski sultanat	· 1206.–1526.
· Dekanski sultanati	· 1490.–1596.
Hojsala carstvo	1040.–1346.
Vidžajanagarsko carstvo	1336.–1565.
Mogulsko carstvo	1526.–1707.
Marata carstvo	1674.–1818.
Kolonijalna Indija	1757.–1947.
Podela Indije	1947.–
Istorije država Republika Indija · Pakistan · Bangladeš Šri Lanka · Nepal · Butan · Maldivi
Regionalne istorije Pendžab · Južna Indija · Tamil Nadu · Bengal · Asam Pakistanski regioni · Sind · Tibet

Istorijska karta civilizacije Doline Inda

Na obalama reke Inda, u današnjem Pakistanu, pojavila se i razvijala jedna od najstarijih svetskih civilizacija između 2700. i 1750. p. n. e. Njena središta su bila gradovi Mohendžo-daro, Harapa i Lotal, sa po 40.000 stanovnika. Velike javne građevine, građene od opeka od blata , pokazuju da je ova civilizacija bila veoma napredna. Vrlo malo znamo o svakodnevnom životu stanovnika doline Inda, osim da su trgovali sa Sumerima i praktikovali jedan od prvih oblika hinduizma. Njihova je civilizacija neobjašnjivo propala nakon 1750. p. n. e. Uzrok može biti neka invazija Arijevaca ili promena toka reke Inda.

Mohendžo-daro

Ostaci grada Mohendžo-daro

Gradovi u dolini Inda bili su planski građeni po uzorku mreže. Imali su široke glavne puteve i uske uličice. Kućni otpad odvodio se odvodnim kanalima. Sve su kuće bile izgrađene oko središnjeg dvorišta. Ljudi su tokom dana u tom dvorištu živeli i radili.

Velika žitnica

Neki istoričari smatraju da su stanovnici u dolini Inda žitnicu koristili kao banku jer je bila sigurnosno skladište blaga trgovaca i vladara ovog grada.

• Žitnica- je imala drveni zid dug 46 m i krovove duž cele građevine.
• Kupalište - je bilo jedna od najvećih i najvažnijih građevina u Mohendžo-daru.
• Malena kupališta - smeštena u građevinama nedaleko od glavnog kupališta.
• Središnja kupališta - su se koristila za verske namene, primeri su obredno pranje pre svetkovine.
• Citadela - je visoko područje na kojem su bile smeštene važne javne građevine. Visoko područje lakše se brani.
• Stupa ili budističko svetište - sagrađena je mnogo kasnije nakon postojanja grada Mohendžo-daro. Izvorni glavni hram stanovnika doline Inda može biti skriven ispod humka stupe.

Nauka

Poput većine drevnih civilizacija, stanovnici doline Inda imali su svoj sastav za merenje mase i duljine. To je olakšavalo trgovinu, a moglo se određivati i vrednost robe radi plaćanja poreza. Ti drevni stanovnici bili su i vešti lončari i metalski radnici. Izrađivali su fine oslikane posude, figure od terakote i lep zlatni nakit. Naučili su mešati bakar i kalaj i prizvoditi bronzu.

Pečati

Pečati indskog naroda

Indski narod je koristio pečate za pokazivanje imovine. U svaki pečat je urezana slika životinje, na primer primer jednoroga, i zapis. Arheolozi su pronašli kamene pečate sa zapisima koji ne nalikuju nijednom drugom starom pismu. Kad bi se pronašli dugi tekstovi, istoričari bi ih mogli dešifrovati - međutim, zapisi u dolini Inda su kratki pa njihovo značenje ostaje tajna.

Religija

O religiji u dolini Inda se malo zna. Zbog važnosti vode, što dokazuje postojanje kupališta, neki istoričari su je povezali s kasnijim hinduizmom. Različite pronađene statue mogle bi predstavljati bogove i boginje. Većina kipova pronađenih u indskim gradovima imaju maske na glavi i nakit pa se pretpostavlja da predstavljaju figure boginja.

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Spoljašnje veze

• Indus
• Art of the First Cities: Mohenjo Daro - Izložba u Metropolitan Museum of Art
• Fotografije iz Mohendžo Daroa
• An invitation to the Indus Civilization (Tokyo Metropolitan Museum)
• Cache of Seal Impressions Discovered in Western India
• Parpola, Asko (19. 5. 2005). „Study of the Indus Script” (PDF). Arhivirano iz originala (PDF) 6. 3. 2006. g.