Гао-цу (династија Хан) — разлика између измена

Цар Гао-цу
Цар Гао-цу
	Гао-цу
Лични подаци
Пуно име	Љу Банг
Датум рођења	256. п. н. е. или 247. п. н. е.
Место рођења	Пеј округ, Кина
Датум смрти	1. јун 195. п. н. е.
Место смрти	Кина,
Породица
Супружник	Царица Лу Џи, конкубина Ћи, царица Довагер Бо, Џао Ђи
Потомство	Јуен Лу, Љу Феј, Љу Жуји, цар Вен Хан, цар Хуеј Хан, Љу Хуеј, Љу Јоур, Љу Џанг, Љу Ђен
Родитељи	Љу Тајгонг; Љу Ао
Династија	Хан
Цар Кине (Династије Хан)
Период	206. п. н. е. - 195. п. н. е.
Претходник	нико, Гао-цу је основао династију Хан, кином је пре тога владала династија Ћин и њихов владар Јинг Ц’-јинг
Наследник	Цар Хуи из династије Хан

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Верзија на датум 13. август 2022. у 19:49

Љу Банг, познатији као цар Гао-цу (256. п. н. е. или 247. п. н. е. – 1. јун 195. п. н. е.) био је оснивач династије Хан и цар Кине од 202. п. н. е. до 195. п. н. е. Био је сиромашан сељак који је дошао на власт када се распало моћно царство Ћин.^[2] У младости је био војвода од Пеха.

Рођење и рани живот

In imperial Han myth, Liu Bang's ancestors were the mythical Emperor Yao and the Yellow Emperor.^[3] Many ancient Chinese noble families claimed descent from the Yellow Emperor to justify their right to rule.^[4]

Liu Bang was born during the late years of the Warring States period;^[1] his parents are only remembered as "Liu Taigong" (劉太公; lit. "Old Sir Liu") and "Liu Ao" (劉媪; lit. "Old Madam Liu")^[5] His family was from Zhongyang (中陽里) (Feng (丰邑) district, Pei County (沛縣)) in the state of Chu.^[1] According to legend, Liu Bang was conceived after Liu Ao encountered a dragon during a rainstorm.^[6]

Успон на престо

После смрти првог кинеског цара 209. године п. н. е. године официр Чен Шенг је подигао побуну у Хенану и основао царство Чу. Њему се придружио Љу Банг и освојио град Ксиао. Ускоро је постао један од најважнијих вођа побуњеника. Побуњеници су после пада Ксиаоа кренули ка престоници династије Ћин. У зиму кад су се освајањима приближили престоници, вође побуњеника су побијени. Љу Банг је у то време постао важна личност у тадашњој Кини.

Референце

^ ^а ^б ^в 李祖德 (2012). „刘邦祭祖考——兼论春秋战国以来的社会变革”. 中国史研究 [Journal of Chinese Historical Studies]. CNKI. 34 (3): 11—58.
^ „Gaozu Emperor of Han Dynasty”. Encyclopædia Britannica.
^ Patricia Buckley Ebrey (2003). Women and the family in Chinese history. 2 of Critical Asian scholarship (illustrated изд.). Psychology Press. стр. 171. ISBN 0-415-28823-1.
^ Fabrizio Pregadio (2008). Fabrizio Pregadio, ур. The encyclopedia of Taoism, Volume 1 (ill ustrated изд.). Psychology Press. стр. 505. ISBN 978-0-7007-1200-7.
^ Note that the Chinese character "媪" (ǎo) was not the personal name of Liu's mother. It was used as a formal way of addressing an old woman at the time. See the definition of 媪.
^ Translation Архивирано 10 јануар 2017 на сајту Wayback Machine of Sima Qian's Shiji.

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Yule, Henry (1915), Henri Cordier, ур., Cathay and the Way Thither: Being a Collection of Medieval Notices of China, Vol I: Preliminary Essay on the Intercourse Between China and the Western Nations Previous to the Discovery of the Cape Route, 1, London: Hakluyt Society.
Zhang, Guangda (2002), „The role of the Sogdians as translators of Buddhist texts”, Ур.: Juliano, Annette L.; Lerner, Judith A., Silk Road Studies VII: Nomads, Traders, and Holy Men Along China's Silk Road, Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, стр. 75—78, ISBN 978-2-503-52178-7.
Zhou, Jinghao (2003), Remaking China's Public Philosophy for the Twenty-First Century, Westport: Greenwood Publishing Group, ISBN 978-0-275-97882-2.
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Спољашње везе

Han dynasty by Minnesota State University
Han dynasty art with video commentary, Minneapolis Institute of Arts
Early Imperial China: A Working Collection of Resources Архивирано 25 јун 2010 на сајту Wayback Machine
"Han Culture," Hanyangling Museum Website
The Han Synthesis, BBC Radio 4 discussion with Christopher Cullen, Carol Michaelson & Roel Sterckx (In Our Time, Oct. 14, 2004)

нико, Гао-цу је основао династију Хан, кином је пре тога владала династија Ћин и њихов владар Јинг Ц’-јинг	Цар Кине (206/2-195)	Цар Хуи из династије Хан

[Birthplace-1] а ^б ^в 李祖德 (2012). „刘邦祭祖考——兼论春秋战国以来的社会变革”. 中国史研究 [Journal of Chinese Historical Studies]. CNKI. 34 (3): 11—58.

[2] „Gaozu Emperor of Han Dynasty”. Encyclopædia Britannica.

[3] Patricia Buckley Ebrey (2003). Women and the family in Chinese history. 2 of Critical Asian scholarship (illustrated изд.). Psychology Press. стр. 171. ISBN 0-415-28823-1.

[4] Fabrizio Pregadio (2008). Fabrizio Pregadio, ур. The encyclopedia of Taoism, Volume 1 (ill ustrated изд.). Psychology Press. стр. 505. ISBN 978-0-7007-1200-7.

[5] Note that the Chinese character "媪" (ǎo) was not the personal name of Liu's mother. It was used as a formal way of addressing an old woman at the time. See the definition of 媪.

[iub.edu-6] Translation Архивирано 10 јануар 2017 на сајту Wayback Machine of Sima Qian's Shiji.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

@@ Ред 1: / Ред 1: @@
+{{Short description|Оснивач цара династије Хан (256–195 пне)}}
-{{bez_inlajn_referenci}}
-{{чишћење|разлог=Додавање викивеза, пребацивање у перфекат|датум=}}
 {{Инфокутија владар
 | име = Цар Гао-цу
 | слика = Hangaozu.jpg
 | опис_слике = Гао-цу
-| пуно_име = Лију Банг
+| пуно_име = Љу Банг
 | датум_рођења = [[256. п. н. е.]] или [[247. п. н. е.]]
+| место_рођења = [[Pei County|Пеј]] округ<ref name="Birthplace">{{cite journal |last= 李祖德 |date=2012 |title=刘邦祭祖考——兼论春秋战国以来的社会变革 |journal=中国史研究 [Journal of Chinese Historical Studies]  |publisher=CNKI |volume=34 |issue=3 |pages=11–58 }}</ref>
-| место_рођења = [[Pei County]]
 | држава_рођења = [[Династија Ћин|Кина]]
 | датум_смрти = [[1. јун]] [[195. п. н. е.]]
@@ Ред 20: / Ред 19: @@
 | наследник = [[Цар Хуи из династије Хан]]
 | династија = [[Династија Хан|Хан]]
-| отац = [[Liu Taigong]]
+| отац = [[Liu Taigong|Љу Тајгонг]]
-| мајка = [[Liu Ao]]
+| мајка = [[Liu Ao|Љу Ао]]
-| супружник = [[Empress Lü Zhi]], [[Concubine Qi]], [[Empress Dowager Bo]], [[Zhao Ji]]
+| супружник = Царица [[Empress Lü Zhi|Лу Џи]], конкубина [[Concubine Qi|Ћи]], царица [[Empress Dowager Bo|Довагер Бо]], [[Zhao Ji|Џао Ђи]]
-| деца = [[Yuan of Lu]], [[Liu Fei]], [[Liu Ruyi]], [[Emperor Wen of Han]], [[Emperor Hui of Han]], [[Liu Hui]], [[Liu You]], [[Liu Zhang]], [[Liu Jian]]
+| деца = [[Yuan of Lu|Јуен Лу]], [[Liu Fei|Љу Феј]], [[Liu Ruyi|Љу Жуји]], цар [[Emperor Wen of Han|Вен Хан]], цар [[Emperor Hui of Han|Хуеј Хан]], [[Liu Hui|Љу Хуеј]], [[Liu You|Љу Јоур]], [[Liu Zhang|Љу Џанг]], [[Liu Jian|Љу Ђен]]
 | грб =
 | опис_грба =
 }}
-'''Лију Банг''', познатији као '''цар Гао-цу''' ([[256. п. н. е.|256. пре н. е.]] или 247. пре н. е. – 1. јун [[195. п. н. е.|195. пре н. е.]]) био је оснивач династије [[Династија Хан|Хан]] и цар Кине од 202. пре н. е. до 195. пре н. е. Био је сиромашан сељак који је дошао на власт када се распало моћно царство [[Династија Ћин|Ћин]]. У младости је био војвода од Пеиа.
+'''Љу Банг''', познатији као '''цар Гао-цу''' ([[256. п. н. е.]] или 247. п. н. е. – 1. јун [[195. п. н. е.]]) био је оснивач династије [[Династија Хан|Хан]] и цар Кине од 202. п. н. е. до 195. п. н. е. Био је сиромашан сељак који је дошао на власт када се распало моћно царство [[Династија Ћин|Ћин]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Gaozu-emperor-of-Han-dynasty|title=Gaozu Emperor of Han Dynasty|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref> У младости је био војвода од Пеха.
+== Рођење и рани живот ==
+{{рут}}
+In imperial Han myth, Liu Bang's ancestors were the mythical [[Emperor Yao]] and the [[Yellow Emperor]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4raAAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA171|title=Women and the family in Chinese history|author=Patricia Buckley Ebrey|year=2003|page=171|publisher=Psychology Press|volume=2 of Critical Asian scholarship|edition=illustrated|isbn=0-415-28823-1}}</ref> Many ancient Chinese noble families claimed descent from the Yellow Emperor to justify their [[Mandate of Heaven|right to rule]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MioRmEq2xHUC&q=huangdi+family+tree&pg=PA505|title=The encyclopedia of Taoism, Volume 1|author=Fabrizio Pregadio|editor=Fabrizio Pregadio|year=2008 |page=505|publisher=Psychology Press|edition=ill ustrated|isbn=978-0-7007-1200-7}}</ref>
+Liu Bang was born during the late years of the [[Warring States period]];<ref name="Birthplace"/> his parents are only remembered as "[[Liu Taigong]]" (劉太公; lit. "Old Sir Liu") and "Liu Ao" (劉媪; lit. "Old Madam Liu")<ref>Note that the Chinese character "媪" (ǎo) was not the personal name of Liu's mother. It was used as a formal way of addressing an old woman at the time. See the [http://www.mdbg.net/chindict/chindict.php?page=chardict&cdcanoce=0&cdqchi=媪dictionary definition of 媪].</ref> His family was from Zhongyang ({{lang|zh|中陽里}}) ([[Feng County, Jiangsu|Feng]] ({{lang|zh|丰邑}}) district, [[Pei County]] ({{lang|zh-Hant|沛縣}})) in the state of [[Chu (state)|Chu]].<ref name="Birthplace"/> According to legend, Liu Bang was conceived after Liu Ao encountered a dragon during a rainstorm.<ref name="iub.edu">[http://www.iub.edu/~g380/4.3-Rise-2010.pdf Translation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170110191814/http://www.iub.edu/~g380/4.3-Rise-2010.pdf |date=10 January 2017 }} of Sima Qian's ''Shiji''.</ref>
 == Успон на престо ==
-После смрти првог кинеског цара 209. године пре н. е. године официр Чен Шенг је подигао побуну у [[Хенан|Хенану]] и основао царство Чу. Њему се придружио Лију Банг и освојио град Ксиао. Ускоро је постао један од најважнијих вођа побуњеника. Побуњеници су после пада Ксиаоа кренули ка престоници династије Ћин. У зиму кад су се освајањима приближили престоници, вође побуњеника су побијени. Лију Банг је у то време постао важна личност у тадашњој Кини.
+После смрти првог кинеског цара 209. године п. н. е. године официр Чен Шенг је подигао побуну у [[Хенан|Хенану]] и основао царство Чу. Њему се придружио Љу Банг и освојио град Ксиао. Ускоро је постао један од најважнијих вођа побуњеника. Побуњеници су после пада Ксиаоа кренули ка престоници династије Ћин. У зиму кад су се освајањима приближили престоници, вође побуњеника су побијени. Љу Банг је у то време постао важна личност у тадашњој Кини.
-[[Датотека:Xiang Yu.jpg|мини|лево|Цар Јанг Ју]]
+[[Датотека:Xiang Yu.jpg|мини|right|250px|Цар Сјанг Ју]]
-=== Борба са династијом Чу ===
-Лију је за време владавине цара Јинга Ц’-јинга добио на управу Сичуан и Шенси. Искористио опадање централне власти у Кини и од те две провинције створио царство Хан. Престоницу је сместио у Ханжонгу. Отпочео је припреме хране и скупљање војске против династије Чу. У борби је претрпео пораз, али цар Јанг Ју, из династије Чу није умео да искористи победе, па се Лију Банг брзо опоравио и после пораза снага династије Чу, Јанг је 202. п. н. е. извршио самоубиство, а његов наследник Хан Јин се предао Лију Бангу. Јин је постао један од најлојалнијих војсковођа Лију Бангу.
-[[Датотека:Hán Xìn.jpg|мини|лево|Хан Јин]]
-== Царевање ==
+== Референце ==
+{{Reflist}}
-За Лију Банга се сматра да је владао од марта 206. п. н. е., када је постао принц од Хана, али његова владавина заправо почиње 28. фебруара 202. п. н. е., када је узео име Гао-цу (Гаозу). Гао-цу је по доласку на власт почео реформе. Увео је нове порезе, али их је смањио, водећи рачуна о пољопривреди. Склопио је мир са Хунима, на северу. Водио је рачуна о религији и из законика је избацио окрутне законе. За генерале је постављао само своје рођаке. Лична имена владара династије Хан су увек била Лију. За премијера је довео Јао Хиа. Хуни су кад је избила побуна против Гао-цуа, Хуни су прекршили мир и придружили се побуњеницима, али побуна је угушена.
-[[Датотека:Xiao he.jpg|мини|десно|Јао Хи]]
-[[Датотека:Han commanderies and kingdoms CE 2.jpg|мини|лево|Кина у време Гао-цуове смрти]]
 == Литература ==
+{{refbegin|30em}}
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+{{refend}}
+== Спољашње везе ==
+{{Commonscat|Liu Bang}}
+*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090710041505/https://mnsu.edu/emuseum/prehistory/china/early_imperial_china/han.html Han dynasty by Minnesota State University]
+*[https://artsmia.org/art-of-asia/history/dynasty-han.cfm Han dynasty art with video commentary, Minneapolis Institute of Arts]
+*[https://e-asia.uoregon.edu/earlychina/ Early Imperial China: A Working Collection of Resources ] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100625031315/https://e-asia.uoregon.edu/earlychina/ |date=25 June 2010 }}
+*[https://web.archive.org/web/20111010033305/https://hylae.com/en/hdwh.asp "Han Culture," Hanyangling Museum Website]
+*[https://bbc.co.uk/programmes/p004y29t The Han Synthesis], BBC Radio 4 discussion with Christopher Cullen, Carol Michaelson & Roel Sterckx (''In Our Time'', Oct. 14, 2004)
 {{низ
@@ Ред 51: / Ред 174: @@
 | после=[[Цар Хуи из династије Хан]]
 }}
-{{Commonscat|Liu Bang}}
 {{Authority control}}

Нормативна контрола
Међународне	FAST ISNI VIAF WorldCat
Државне	Немачка Израел Сједињене Државе Јапан Аустралија Кореја Холандија
Људи	Родовид 2 Trove
Остале	Енциклопедија Британика