Vejanje žita — разлика између измена

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Верзија на датум 1. јул 2023. у 07:00

Vejanje žita je poljoprivredna metoda koju su razvile drevne kulture za odvajanje žita^[1]^[2] od kukolja.^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7] Takođe se može koristiti za uklanjanje štetočina sa uskladištenog zrna. Vejanje obično sledi vršidbi u pripremi žita.

Upotreba vejačkih vila u drevnoj egipatskoj poljoprivredi.

U svom najjednostavnijem obliku obuhvata bacanje smeše u vazduh tako da vetar oduva lakšu plevu, dok teža zrna padaju dole odakle se prikupe. Tehnike su uključivale upotrebu lepeze za vejanje (oblikovana korpa protresana da se podigne pleva) ili upotrebu alata (vila ili lopata za vitlanje) na gomili požnjevenog žita.

U grčkoj kulturi

Lepeza za vejanje (λίκνον [líknon], što takođe znači „kolevka”) predstavljena u obredima koji su se dodeljivali Dionisu i u Eleusinskim misterijama: „to je bio jednostavan poljoprivredni alat koji je preuzela i mistifikovala Dionisova religija”, primetila je Džejn Elen Harison.^[8] Dionisa Liknita („Dionisa od vetra koji provejava”) probudile su Dionizijske žene, u ovom slučaju zvane Tije, u pećini na Parnasu visoko iznad Delfa; vejačka lepeza se vezuje za boga povezanog sa misterioznim religijama sa poljoprivrednim ciklusom, ali su i smrtne grčke bebe takođe ležale u vejačkoj lepezi.^[9] U Kalimahovoj Himni Zevsu, Adrasteja polaže novorođenče Zevsa u zlatni liknon, njena koza ga doje i njemu je dat med.

U Odiseji, mrtva proročnica Tiresija kaže Odiseju da se veslom udalji od Itake sve dok mu putnik ne kaže da je to lepeza za vejanje (tj. dok Odisej ne dođe toliko daleko od mora da ljudi ne prepoznaju vesla), i tamo da sagradi svetilište Posejdonu.

Kina

U Drevnoj Kini, metoda je poboljšana mehanizacijom razvojem rotacione vejačke lepeze, koja je koristila zglobasti ventilator za proizvodnju vazdušne struje.^[10] Ovo je predstavljeno u Vang Dženovoj knjizi Nong Šu iz 1313. godine.

U Evropi

U Saskim naseljima poput onog koje je u Nortamberlandu identifikovano kao Bedeov Ad Gefrin^[11] (a sada se zove Jevring) eskavacionom rekonstrukcijom je pokazano da su zgrade imala naspramne ulaze. U stajama je promaja stvarana upotrebom ovih naspramnih dovratnika, i korišćena za provejavanje.^[12]

Tehnika koju su razvili Kinezi je usvojena u Evropi tek u 18. veku, kada su mašine za vejanje koristile „jedreni fen”.^[13] Rotacioni ventilatori za vejanje izvezen je u Evropu, a tamo su ga doneli holandski mornari između 1700. i 1720. godine. Smatra se da su ih dobivili iz holandskog naselja Batavia na Javi, Holandska Istočna Indija. Šveđani su u isto vreme uvezli takve sprave iz južne Kine, a jezuiti su nikoliko naprava iz Kine doneli u Francusku do 1720. godine. Do početka 18. veka, na zapadu nije bilo rotacionih vejačkih fenova.^[14]

U Sjedinjenim Državama

Razvoj vejačke žitnice omogućio je plantažama pirinča u Južnoj Karolini da dramatično povećaju svoje prinose.

Mehanizacija procesa

Godine 1737. Endru Rodžer, farmer na imanju Kavers u Roksbergširu, razvio je vejačku mašinu za kukuruz, nazvanu 'Faner'. Te naprave su bile uspešne i porodica ih je dugi niz godina prodavala širom Škotske. Neki od škotskih prezbiterijanskih sveštenka poprimali su te naprave grehom protiv Boga, jer je vetar bio nešto što je On posebno napravio, te je veštački vetar bio je drzak i nečist pokušaj uzurpiranja onog što pripada samom Bogu.^[15] Tokom industrijske revolucije, vejački proces je mehanizovan izumom dodatnih mašina, kao što su vejački mlinovi.

Reference

^ „IDRC - International Development Research Centre”. nternational Development Research Centre (IDRC). Архивирано из оригинала 9. 6. 2016. г.
^ Mundell, E.J. (9. 7. 2019). „More Americans Are Eating Whole Grains, But Intake Still Too Low”. HealthDay. Архивирано из оригинала 2. 11. 2021. г. Приступљено 31. 5. 2021.
^ Daniel Jones (2006). Peter Roach; James Hartman; Jane Setter, ур. Cambridge Pronouncing Dictionary. Cambridge University Press.
^ „What Is Chaff: Learn How To Winnow Seeds From Chaff”. Gardening Know How (на језику: енглески). Приступљено 2022-10-07.
^ „The Chaff cutter”. Архивирано из оригинала 2006-01-03. г. Приступљено 2005-09-06.
^ Cutting chaff by hand: detail of painting by David Teniers the Younger
^ A Victorian chaff cutter Архивирано март 21, 2008 на сајту Wayback Machine
^ Harrison, Prolegomena to the Study of Greek Religion, 3rd ed. (1922:159).
^ Karl Kerenyi, Dionysus: Archetypal Image of Indestructible Life (1976:44).
^ The Question of the Transmission of the Rotary Winnowing Fan from China to Europe: Some New Findings Архивирано на сајту Wayback Machine (5. април 2008), Hans Ulrich Vogel, 8th International Conference on the History of Science in China
^ Münzenberg, Hessen. Chapel and Palas (G.Binding, Burg Münzenberg, 1962)
^ M.W.Thompson, The Rise of the Castle, (Cambridge University Press, 1991), 5–6.
^ Broadcasting and winnowing Архивирано на сајту Wayback Machine (16. мај 2017), Peter Charles Dorrington
^ Robert Temple, The Genius of China, p. 24
^ Chambers, Robert (1885). Domestic Annals of Scotland. Edinburgh : W & R Chambers. p. 397.

Literatura

Hong-Sen Yan & Marco Ceccarelli (2009), International Symposium on History of Machines and Mechanisms: Proceedings of HMM 2008, Springer, стр. 247, ISBN 978-1-4020-9484-2
Needham, Joseph (1965). Science and Civilization in China, Vol. IV: Physics and Physical Technology, p.118. ISBN 978-0-521-05802-5
Ulrich Vogel, Hans (1. 1. 2019). „Materials on Traditional Chinese Winnowing Machines”. Academia.edu.
Yan, Hong Sen; Hsiao, Kuo-Hung (2014). Mechanisms in Ancient Chinese Books with Illustrations. Springer (објављено 13. 12. 2013). ISBN 978-3319020082.
Ceccarelli, Marco; Cigola, Michela; Recinto, Giuseppe (2017). New Activities For Cultural Heritage: Proceedings of the International Conference Heritage. Springer. ISBN 978-3319883663.
Lu, Yongxiang. A History of Chinese Science and Technology. 2. Springer. ISBN 978-3662513897.
Randolph Barker; Robert W. Herdt; Beth Rose (1985), „Rice Milling”, The Rice Economy of Asia, 2, стр. 174—177, ISBN 978-0-915707-15-7
Quick, Graeme R.; Wesley F. Buchele (1978). The Grain Harvesters. St. Joseph: American Society of Agricultural Engineers. ISBN 0-916150-13-5.
Constable, George; Somerville, Bob (2003). A Century of Innovation: Twenty Engineering Achievements That Transformed Our Lives, Chapter 7, Agricultural Mechanization. Washington, DC: Joseph Henry Press. ISBN 0-309-08908-5.
„About Combine harvesters”. Mascus UK.
Biographical Dictionary of the History of Technology. Taylor & Francis. септембар 2003. ISBN 9780203028292.
„The History of Combine Harvesters”. Cornways.
„Sunshine header-harvester, c.1935”. collection.maas.museum.
Timesonline.co.uk, access date 31-09-2009 Архивирано 2020-05-11 на сајту Wayback Machine
„History of the Combine”. Historylink.com. Приступљено 18. 8. 2009.
The John Deere Tractor Legacy, Don McMillan, Voyageur Press, 2003, page 118 with photo
Remarkable Australian Farm Machines, Graeme R. Quick, Rosenberg Publishing, 2007, page 72.
„Gleaner: 85 Years of Harvest History” (PDF). Gleaner Agco Company. 2008. стр. 8. Архивирано из оригинала (PDF) 23. 12. 2010. г.
„La maquinaria que haría historia”. La Nacion (на језику: Spanish). 6. 11. 2004. Архивирано из оригинала 2011-06-06. г.
Voorhis, Dan (6. 4. 2012Z). „Lyle Yost, founder of Hesston Industries, dies at age 99”. Wichita Eagle. Архивирано из оригинала 10. 8. 2014. г. Приступљено 12. 9. 2012.
„Euro yellow combine”. Farmindustrynews.com. Архивирано из оригинала 2008-10-23. г. Приступљено 2009-11-15.
Jordan, DK (24. 11. 2012). „Living the Revolution”. The Neolithic. University of California – San Diego. Архивирано из оригинала 29. 10. 2013. г. Приступљено 22. 4. 2013.
„The Development of Agriculture”. National Geographic. Архивирано из оригинала 14. 4. 2016. г. Приступљено 22. 4. 2013.
Hancock, James F. (2012). Plant evolution and the origin of crop species (3rd изд.). CABI. стр. 119. ISBN 978-1-84593-801-7. Архивирано из оригинала 4. 5. 2021. г. Приступљено 10. 2. 2021.
UN Industrial Development Organization, International Fertilizer Development Center (1998). The Fertilizer Manual (3rd изд.). Springer Science and Business Media LLC. стр. 46. ISBN 978-0-7923-5032-3. Архивирано из оригинала 4. 5. 2021. г. Приступљено 10. 2. 2021.
Serna-Saldivar, Sergio (2010). Cereal Grains: Properties, Processing, and Nutritional Attributes. стр. 535. ISBN 978-1-4398-8209-2. Архивирано из оригинала 2. 5. 2021. г. Приступљено 22. 6. 2015.
Henry, R.J.; Kettlewell, P.S. (1996). Cereal Grain Quality. Chapman & Hall. стр. 155. ISBN 9789400915138.
Ruhlman, Michael; Bourdain, Anthony (2007). The Elements of Cooking: Translating the Chef's Craft for Every Kitchen. Simon and Schuster. стр. 216. ISBN 978-1-4391-7252-0.
„Industrial Strainers - Liquid Basket Strainer - Eaton Strainers”. industrialstrainer.com.
Finex, Russell. „Replacing Bag Filters with Self Cleaning Filters - Russell Finex”. www.russellfinex.com.
Industries, Elcan. „High Energy Sieving Machine - Elcan Industries”. www.elcanindustries.com.

Spoljašnje veze

„Industrial Strainers - Liquid Basket Strainer - Eaton Strainers”. industrialstrainer.com. Архивирано из оригинала 08. 05. 2018. г. Приступљено 28. 09. 2020.
Photo of Mansfield plantation winnowing house, Library of Congress
Mansfield Plantation website

[1] „IDRC - International Development Research Centre”. nternational Development Research Centre (IDRC). Архивирано из оригинала 9. 6. 2016. г.

[2] Mundell, E.J. (9. 7. 2019). „More Americans Are Eating Whole Grains, But Intake Still Too Low”. HealthDay. Архивирано из оригинала 2. 11. 2021. г. Приступљено 31. 5. 2021.

[3] Daniel Jones (2006). Peter Roach; James Hartman; Jane Setter, ур. Cambridge Pronouncing Dictionary. Cambridge University Press.

[4] „What Is Chaff: Learn How To Winnow Seeds From Chaff”. Gardening Know How (на језику: енглески). Приступљено 2022-10-07.

[5] „The Chaff cutter”. Архивирано из оригинала 2006-01-03. г. Приступљено 2005-09-06.

[6] Cutting chaff by hand: detail of painting by David Teniers the Younger

[7] A Victorian chaff cutter Архивирано март 21, 2008 на сајту Wayback Machine

[8] Harrison, Prolegomena to the Study of Greek Religion, 3rd ed. (1922:159).

[9] Karl Kerenyi, Dionysus: Archetypal Image of Indestructible Life (1976:44).

[10] The Question of the Transmission of the Rotary Winnowing Fan from China to Europe: Some New Findings Архивирано на сајту Wayback Machine (5. април 2008), Hans Ulrich Vogel, 8th International Conference on the History of Science in China

[11] Münzenberg, Hessen. Chapel and Palas (G.Binding, Burg Münzenberg, 1962)

[12] M.W.Thompson, The Rise of the Castle, (Cambridge University Press, 1991), 5–6.

[13] Broadcasting and winnowing Архивирано на сајту Wayback Machine (16. мај 2017), Peter Charles Dorrington

[14] Robert Temple, The Genius of China, p. 24

[15] Chambers, Robert (1885). Domestic Annals of Scotland. Edinburgh : W & R Chambers. p. 397.

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@@ Ред 1: / Ред 1: @@
 {{short description|Način odvajanja zrna od kukolja}}
-[[File:Rice winnowing, Uttarakhand, India.jpg|thumb|Vejanje pirinča, [[Utarakand]], [[Indija]]]]
+[[File:Rice winnowing, Uttarakhand, India.jpg|thumb|250px|Vejanje pirinča, [[Utarakand]], [[Indija]]]]
-[[File:Madurai_Dalit_village_2.jpg|thumb|Vejanje žita na selu u [[Tamil Nadu]], [[Indija]]]]
-[[File:C+B-Agriculture-Fig12-Winnowing.PNG|upright|thumb|right|Upotreba vejačkih vila u [[Agriculture in ancient Egypt|drevnoj egipatskoj poljoprivredi]].]]
+'''Vejanje žita''' je [[agriculture|poljoprivredna]] metoda koju su razvile drevne kulture za odvajanje [[cereal|žita]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.idrc.ca/en|title=IDRC - International Development Research Centre|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160609075145/https://www.idrc.ca/en|archive-date=9 June 2016|website=[[nternational Development Research Centre]] (IDRC)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Mundell|first=E.J.|date=9 July 2019|title=More Americans Are Eating Whole Grains, But Intake Still Too Low|work=[[HealthDay]]|url=https://consumer.healthday.com/vitamins-and-nutrition-information-27/food-and-nutrition-news-316/more-americans-are-eating-whole-grains-but-intake-still-too-low-748156.html|access-date=31 May 2021|archive-date=2 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102033043/https://consumer.healthday.com/vitamins-and-nutrition-information-27/food-and-nutrition-news-316/more-americans-are-eating-whole-grains-but-intake-still-too-low-748156.html|url-status=live}}</ref> od [[chaff|kukolja]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Cambridge Pronouncing Dictionary|author=Daniel Jones|editor1=Peter Roach |editor2=James Hartman |editor3=Jane Setter |publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2006}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=What Is Chaff: Learn How To Winnow Seeds From Chaff |url=https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/grains/general-grains/chaff-and-winnowing-information.htm |access-date=2022-10-07 |website=Gardening Know How |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dulwichpicturegallery.org.uk/collection/search/display.aspx?irn=56 |title=The Chaff cutter |access-date=2005-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060103083512/http://www.dulwichpicturegallery.org.uk/collection/search/display.aspx?irn=56 |archive-date=2006-01-03 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://www.antiquefarmtools.info/ Cutting chaff by hand]: detail of painting by [[David Teniers the Younger]]</ref><ref>[http://www.victorians.asp-host.co.uk/themes/agriculture/chaffcutterobj.htm A Victorian chaff cutter] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080321063813/http://www.victorians.asp-host.co.uk/themes/agriculture/chaffcutterobj.htm |date=March 21, 2008 }}</ref> Takođe se može koristiti za uklanjanje štetočina sa uskladištenog zrna. Vejanje obično sledi [[Threshing|vršidbi]] u pripremi žita.
-'''Vejanje žita''' je [[agriculture|poljoprivredna]] metoda koju su razvile drevne kulture za odvajanje [[cereal|žita]] od [[chaff|kukolja]]. Takođe se može koristiti za uklanjanje štetočina sa uskladištenog zrna. Vejanje obično sledi [[Threshing|vršidbi]] u pripremi žita.
+[[File:C+B-Agriculture-Fig12-Winnowing.PNG|250px|thumb|left|Upotreba vejačkih vila u [[Agriculture in ancient Egypt|drevnoj egipatskoj poljoprivredi]].]]
+[[File:Madurai_Dalit_village_2.jpg|thumb|250px|Vejanje žita na selu u [[Tamil Nadu]], [[Indija]]]]
 U svom najjednostavnijem obliku obuhvata bacanje smeše u vazduh tako da vetar oduva lakšu plevu, dok teža zrna padaju dole odakle se prikupe. Tehnike su uključivale upotrebu lepeze za vejanje (oblikovana korpa protresana da se podigne pleva) ili upotrebu alata (vila ili lopata za vitlanje) na gomili požnjevenog žita.
@@ Ред 15: / Ред 15: @@
 == Kina ==
-[[File:Winnowing machine.jpg|upright|thumb|left|Kineska [[Fengshanche|mašina za vejanje]] sa rotacionim fanom, prikaz preuzet iz ''[[Tiangong Kaiwu|Tjangong Kajwu]]'' enciklopedije (1637)]]
+[[File:Winnowing machine.jpg|upright|thumb|left|250px|Kineska [[Fengshanche|mašina za vejanje]] sa rotacionim fanom, prikaz preuzet iz ''[[Tiangong Kaiwu|Tjangong Kajwu]]'' enciklopedije (1637)]]
 {{Main-lat|Fengšanče}}
@@ Ред 21: / Ред 21: @@
 == U Evropi ==
-[[File:Jean-François Millet - Le vanneur (1846-47).jpg|upright|thumb|-{''Le vanneur''}- (''Vejač'') umetnika [[Jean-François Millet|Žan-Fransoe Mija]], prikaz vejanja žita iz 19. veka.]]
+[[File:Jean-François Millet - Le vanneur (1846-47).jpg|250px|thumb|-{''Le vanneur''}- (''Vejač'') umetnika [[Jean-François Millet|Žan-Fransoe Mija]], prikaz vejanja žita iz 19. veka.]]
 U [[Саси|Saskim]] naseljima poput onog koje je u [[Nortamberland]]u identifikovano kao [[Беда Поштовани|Bedeov]] Ad Gefrin<ref>Münzenberg, Hessen. Chapel and Palas (G.Binding, Burg Münzenberg, 1962)</ref> (a sada se zove [[Yeavering|Jevring]]) eskavacionom rekonstrukcijom je pokazano da su zgrade imala naspramne ulaze. U stajama je promaja stvarana upotrebom ovih naspramnih dovratnika, i korišćena za provejavanje.<ref>M.W.Thompson, The Rise of the Castle, (Cambridge University Press, 1991), 5–6.</ref>
@@ Ред 32: / Ред 32: @@
 == Mehanizacija procesa ==
-[[File:Wanmolen Duitsland.jpg|thumb|Vejačka mašina iz 1839. godine]]
+[[File:Wanmolen Duitsland.jpg|thumb|250px|Vejačka mašina iz 1839. godine]]
 Godine 1737. [[Andrew Rodger|Endru Rodžer]], farmer na imanju [[Cavers, Scottish Borders|Kavers]] u [[Roxburghshire|Roksbergširu]], razvio je vejačku mašinu za kukuruz, nazvanu 'Faner'. Te naprave su bile uspešne i porodica ih je dugi niz godina prodavala širom Škotske. Neki od škotskih [[Презвитеријанство|prezbiterijanskih]] sveštenka poprimali su te naprave grehom protiv Boga, jer je vetar bio nešto što je On posebno napravio, te je veštački vetar bio je drzak i nečist pokušaj uzurpiranja onog što pripada samom Bogu.<ref>Chambers, Robert (1885). ''Domestic Annals of Scotland''. Edinburgh : W & R Chambers. p. 397.</ref> Tokom [[Industrial Revolution|industrijske revolucije]], vejački proces je mehanizovan izumom dodatnih mašina, kao što su vejački mlinovi.
@@ Ред 40: / Ред 40: @@
 == Literatura ==
-{{refbegin|32em}}
+{{refbegin|30em}}
 * {{citation|title=International Symposium on History of Machines and Mechanisms: Proceedings of HMM 2008|author=Hong-Sen Yan & Marco Ceccarelli|publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]]|year=2009|isbn=978-1-4020-9484-2|page=247}}
 * [[Joseph Needham|Needham, Joseph]] (1965). ''Science and Civilization in China, Vol. IV: Physics and Physical Technology'', p.118. {{ISBN|978-0-521-05802-5}}
-* {{Cite document |last=Ulrich Vogel  |first=Hans |date=January 1, 2019 |title=Materials on Traditional Chinese Winnowing Machines |url=https://www.academia.edu/4326050 |publisher=[[Academia.edu]] |pages= }}
 * {{Cite document |last=Ulrich Vogel  |first=Hans |date=January 1, 2019 |title=Materials on Traditional Chinese Winnowing Machines |url=https://www.academia.edu/4326050 |publisher=[[Academia.edu]] |pages= }}
 * {{Cite book |title=Mechanisms in Ancient Chinese Books with Illustrations |last1=Yan  |first1=Hong Sen |last2=Hsiao  |first2=Kuo-Hung  |publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]] |year=2014 |isbn=978-3319020082 |publication-date=December 13, 2013 |pages=}}
 * {{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C8E0DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA36&dq=three+types+winnower#q=three%20types%20winnower |title=New Activities For Cultural Heritage: Proceedings of the International Conference Heritage |last1=Ceccarelli  |first1=Marco  |last2=Cigola |first2= Michela  |last3=Recinto  |first3=Giuseppe |publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]] |year=2017 |isbn= 978-3319883663 |pages= }}
-* [[Joseph Needham|Needham, Joseph]] (1965). ''Science and Civilization in China, Vol. IV: Physics and Physical Technology'', p.118. {{ISBN|978-0-521-05802-5}}.
-* {{citation|title=International Symposium on History of Machines and Mechanisms: Proceedings of HMM 2008|author=Hong-Sen Yan & Marco Ceccarelli|publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]]|year=2009|isbn=978-1-4020-9484-2|page=247}}
 * {{Cite book |title=A History of Chinese Science and Technology |last=Lu |first=Yongxiang |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3662513897 |volume=2 |pages= }}
-* {{citation|title=International Symposium on History of Machines and Mechanisms: Proceedings of HMM 2008|author=Hong-Sen Yan & Marco Ceccarelli|publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]]|year=2009|isbn=978-1-4020-9484-2|page=247}}
-* {{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C8E0DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA36&dq=three+types+winnower#q=three%20types%20winnower |title=New Activities For Cultural Heritage: Proceedings of the International Conference Heritage |last1=Ceccarelli  |first1=Marco  |last2=Cigola |first2= Michela  |last3=Recinto  |first3=Giuseppe |publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]] |year=2017 |isbn= 978-3319883663 |pages= }}
 * {{citation |pages=174–177 |title=The Rice Economy of Asia |volume=2 |author1=Randolph Barker |author2=Robert W. Herdt |author3=Beth Rose | year=1985 |isbn=978-0-915707-15-7 |chapter=Rice Milling}}
+* {{cite book|first=Graeme R.|last= Quick|author2=Wesley F. Buchele|title=The Grain Harvesters|publisher=American Society of Agricultural Engineers|location=[[St. Joseph, Michigan|St. Joseph]]|year=1978|isbn=0-916150-13-5}}
+* {{cite book |title=A Century of Innovation: Twenty Engineering Achievements That Transformed Our Lives, Chapter 7, Agricultural Mechanization |last=Constable |first=George |author2=Somerville, Bob |year=2003 |publisher=Joseph Henry Press |location=Washington, DC |isbn=0-309-08908-5 |url= http://www.greatachievements.org/?id=2955}}
+* {{cite web|title=About Combine harvesters|publisher=Mascus UK|url=http://www.mascus.co.uk/Agriculture/Used-Agricultural-Combine-harvesters}}
+* {{cite book|title=Biographical Dictionary of the History of Technology|date=September 2003|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=9780203028292|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n--ivouMng8C&q=Hiram+Moore+and+combine+harvester&pg=PA865}}
+* {{cite web|title=The History of Combine Harvesters|publisher=Cornways|url=http://www.cornways.de/hi_combine.html}}
+* {{Cite web|url=https://collection.maas.museum/object/211927|title=Sunshine header-harvester, c.1935|website=collection.maas.museum}}
+* [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/related_reports/article377318.ece Timesonline.co.uk], access date 31-09-2009 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200511135937/http://www.thetimes.co.uk/ |date=2020-05-11 }}
+* {{cite web|url=http://www.historylink101.com/lessons/farm-city/combine.htm|title=History of the Combine|website=Historylink.com|access-date=August 18, 2009}}
+* [https://books.google.com/books?id=3cJeffKoriEC&pg=PA118&lpg=PA118&dq=oldest+self-propelled+combine+harvester&source=bl&ots=bsYPJG-OFa&sig=7cXtYy83WSUZFMVLLO5yOvR2gfQ&hl=en&ei=P95DTNjiOoH98Ab90IAK&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CDIQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q&f=false The John Deere Tractor Legacy], Don McMillan, Voyageur Press, 2003, page 118 with photo
+* [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=eiqZ7KmeLRMC&pg=PA72 Remarkable Australian Farm Machines], Graeme R. Quick, Rosenberg Publishing, 2007, page 72.
+* {{cite web|url=http://www.agcoiron.com/fileUpload/GLEANER_85Years_Brochure.pdf|title=Gleaner: 85 Years of Harvest History|website=Gleaner Agco Company|date=2008|page=8|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101223103732/http://www.agcoiron.com/fileUpload/GLEANER_85Years_Brochure.pdf|archive-date=December 23, 2010}}
+* {{cite web|url=http://www.lanacion.com.ar/nota.asp?nota_id=651079|title=La maquinaria que haría historia|website=La Nacion|date=6 Nov 2004|language=Spanish|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606010014/http://www.lanacion.com.ar/nota.asp?nota_id=651079 |archive-date=2011-06-06}}
+* {{cite web|url=http://www.kansas.com/2012/04/06/2286965/lyle-yost-founder-of-hesston-industries.html|publisher=[[Wichita Eagle]]|first=Dan|last=Voorhis|title=Lyle Yost, founder of Hesston Industries, dies at age 99|access-date=September 12, 2012|date=April 6, 2012Z|archive-date=August 10, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810092401/http://www.kansas.com/2012/04/06/2286965/lyle-yost-founder-of-hesston-industries.html|url-status=dead}}
+* {{Cite web |url=http://farmindustrynews.com/mag/farming_euro_yellow_combine_2/ |title=Euro yellow combine|website=Farmindustrynews.com |access-date=2009-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081023192941/http://farmindustrynews.com/mag/farming_euro_yellow_combine_2/ |archive-date=2008-10-23 |url-status=dead }}
+* {{cite web|url=http://anthro.ucsd.edu/~dkjordan/arch/neolithic/Neo3-LivRev.html|title=Living the Revolution|first=DK|last=Jordan|date=24 November 2012|work=The Neolithic|publisher=[[University of California – San Diego]] |access-date=22 April 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029191022/http://anthro.ucsd.edu/~dkjordan/arch/neolithic/Neo3-LivRev.html|archive-date=29 October 2013}}
+* {{cite magazine|url=https://genographic.nationalgeographic.com/development-of-agriculture/ |title=The Development of Agriculture |magazine=[[National Geographic]]|access-date=22 April 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160414142437/https://genographic.nationalgeographic.com/development-of-agriculture/ |archive-date=14 April 2016 }}
+* {{cite book|title=Plant evolution and the origin of crop species|page=119|last=Hancock|first=James F.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j_O9ZnFRNngC&pg=PA119|publisher=CABI|year=2012|isbn=978-1-84593-801-7|edition=3rd|access-date=10 February 2021|archive-date=4 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504223635/https://books.google.com/books?id=j_O9ZnFRNngC&pg=PA119|url-status=live}}
+* {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qPkoOU4BvEsC&pg=PA44|page=46|author=UN Industrial Development Organization, [[International Fertilizer Development Center]]|title=The Fertilizer Manual|publisher=[[Springer Science and Business Media LLC]]|year=1998|edition=3rd|isbn=978-0-7923-5032-3|access-date=10 February 2021|archive-date=4 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504221511/https://books.google.com/books?id=qPkoOU4BvEsC&pg=PA44|url-status=live}}
+* {{cite book|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=OgzSBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA535|title= Cereal Grains: Properties, Processing, and Nutritional Attributes|last1= Serna-Saldivar|first1= Sergio|page= 535|date= 2010|access-date= 22 June 2015|isbn= 978-1-4398-8209-2|archive-date= 2 May 2021|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210502183704/https://books.google.com/books?id=OgzSBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA535|url-status= live}}
+* {{Cite book |last1=Henry |first1=R.J. |title=Cereal Grain Quality |last2=Kettlewell |first2=P.S. |publisher=[[Chapman & Hall]]|year=1996 |isbn=9789400915138 |pages=155}}
+* {{cite book |last1=Ruhlman|first1=Michael |last2=Bourdain|first2=Anthony |title=The Elements of Cooking: Translating the Chef's Craft for Every Kitchen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9WXclAEACAAJ&pg=PA278 |year=2007 | publisher=Simon and Schuster |isbn=978-1-4391-7252-0 |page=216}}
+* {{cite web|url=http://industrialstrainer.com/eaton-hayward-strainers/|title=Industrial Strainers - Liquid Basket Strainer - Eaton Strainers|website=industrialstrainer.com}}
+* {{cite web|url=http://www.russellfinex.com/en/news-and-events/replacing-bag-filters-with-russell-filters/|title=Replacing Bag Filters with Self Cleaning Filters - Russell Finex|first=Russell|last=Finex|website=www.russellfinex.com}}
+* {{cite web|url=https://elcanindustries.com/screening-technology/high-energy-screening-machines/|title= High Energy Sieving Machine - Elcan Industries|first=Elcan|last=Industries |website=www.elcanindustries.com}}
 {{refend}}
@@ Ред 58: / Ред 77: @@
 {{commonscat-lat|Winnowing}}
 * {{cite web|url=http://industrialstrainer.com/eaton-hayward-strainers/|title=Industrial Strainers - Liquid Basket Strainer - Eaton Strainers|website=industrialstrainer.com|access-date=28. 09. 2020|archive-date=08. 05. 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180508200149/http://industrialstrainer.com/eaton-hayward-strainers/|url-status=dead}}
+* [https://www.loc.gov/item/sc0530/ Photo of Mansfield plantation winnowing house, Library of Congress]
+* [http://www.mansfieldplantation.com Mansfield Plantation website]
 {{нормативна контрола}}