Podaci (računarstvo)

Razni tipovi podataka koji se mogu vizuelizovati putem računarskog uređaja

Podaci (treated as singular, plural, or as a mass noun) is any sequence of one or more symbols given meaning by specific act(s) of interpretation. Data requires interpretation to become information. To translate data to information, there must be several known factors considered. The factors involved are determined by the creator of the data and the desired information. The term metadata is used to reference the data about the data. Metadata may be implied, specified or given. Data relating to physical events or processes will also have a temporal component. In almost all cases this temporal component is implied. This is the case when a device such as a temperature logger receives data from a temperature sensor. When the temperature is received it is assumed that the data has a temporal references of "now". So the device records the date, time and temperature together. When the data logger communicates temperatures, it must also report the date and time (metadata) for each temperature.

Digital data is data that is represented using the binary number system of ones (1) and zeros (0), as opposed to analog representation. In modern (post 1960) computer systems, all data is digital. Data within a computer, in most cases, moves as parallel data. Data moving to or from a computer, in most cases, moves as serial data. See Parallel communication and Serial communication. Data sourced from an analog device, such as a temperature sensor, must pass through an "analog to digital converter" or "ADC" (see Analog-to-digital converter) to convert the analog data to digital data.

Data representing quantities, characters, or symbols on which operations are performed by a computer are stored and recorded on magnetic, optical, or mechanical recording media, and transmitted in the form of digital electrical signals.

A program is a set of data that consists of a series of coded software instructions to control the operation of a computer or other machine. Physical computer memory elements consist of an address and a byte/word of data storage. Digital data are often stored in relational databases, like tables or SQL databases, and can generally be represented as abstract key/value pairs.

Data can be organized in many different types of data structures, including arrays, graphs, and objects. Data structures can store data of many different types, including numbers, strings and even other data structures. Data pass in and out of computers via peripheral devices.

In an alternate usage, binary files (which are not human-readable) are sometimes called "data" as distinguished from human-readable "text". The total amount of digital data in 2007 was estimated to be 281 billion gigabytes (= 281 exabytes). Digital data comes in these three states: data at rest, data in transit and data in use.

Literatura

• Karolin Kappler; Jan-Felix Schrape; Lena Ulbricht; Johannes Weyer (2018). „Societal Implications of Big Data”. KI – Künstliche Intelligenz. св. 32 бр. 1. Springer. doi:10.1007/s13218-017-0520-x. .
• Peter Kinnaird; Inbal Talgam-Cohen, ур. (2012). „Big Data”. ACM Crossroads student magazine. XRDS: Crossroads, The ACM Magazine for Students. св. 19 бр. 1. Association for Computing Machinery. ISSN 1528-4980. OCLC 779657714. 
• Jure Leskovec; Anand Rajaraman; Jeffrey D. Ullman (2014). Mining of massive datasets. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781107077232. OCLC 888463433. 
• Viktor Mayer-Schönberger; Kenneth Cukier (2013). Big Data: A Revolution that Will Transform how We Live, Work, and Think. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. ISBN 9781299903029. OCLC 828620988. 
• Press, Gil (9. 5. 2013). „A Very Short History Of Big Data”. forbes.com. Jersey City, NJ: Forbes Magazine. Приступљено 17. 9. 2016. CS1 одржавање: Формат датума (веза)
• „Big Data: The Management Revolution”. hbr.org. Harvard Business Review. 
• O'Neil, Cathy (2017). Weapons of Math Destruction: How Big Data Increases Inequality and Threatens Democracy. Broadway Books. ISBN 978-0553418835. 
• P. Beynon-Davies (2002). Information Systems: An introduction to informatics in organisations. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 0-333-96390-3. 
• P. Beynon-Davies (2009). Business information systems. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave. ISBN 978-0-230-20368-6. 
• P. Checkland and S. Holwell (1998). Information, Systems, and Information Systems: Making Sense of the Field. Chichester, West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons. стр. 86—89. ISBN 0-471-95820-4. 
• Dedić, N.; Stanier, C. (2017). „Towards Differentiating Business Intelligence, Big Data, Data Analytics and Knowledge Discovery”. Innovations in Enterprise Information Systems Management and Engineering. Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. 285. Berlin ; Heidelberg: Springer International Publishing. стр. 114—122. ISBN 978-3-319-58800-1. ISSN 1865-1356. OCLC 909580101. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-58801-8_10. 

Spoljašnje veze

• Reinsel, David; Gantz, John; Rydning, John (13. 4. 2017). „Data Age 2025: The Evolution of Data to Life-Critical” (PDF). seagate.com. Framingham, MA, US: International Data Corporation. Приступљено 2. 11. 2017. CS1 одржавање: Формат датума (веза)