Чарапе

Црна вунена чарапа са шарама

Чарапе (тур. Çorap) или бјечве представљају текстилне предмете које се навлаче на стопала (када се обично називају назувице), поткољеницу (сокне и доколенице) а понекад и наткољеницу. Оне чувају ногу, да нога остане топла зими, а љети да се не узноји. Чарапе такође чувају ногу од жуљева који се могу стећи трењем о ципеле. Чарапе се обично праве од вуне, памука, најлона и разних синтетика, зависно од предвиђене им сврхе. Ако ли је сврха чувати ногу од хладноће, онда се употребљава по правилу вуна. Спортске чарапе се обично праве од памука или синтетике. Свечане женске чарапе су најчешће начињене од најлона. Знају бити и чипкане. Кад се оспу (поцијепају), обично по петама или прстима, у данашње време обично се више не поправљају (крпе) као што се то радило некад, већ се најчешће друге купују.

One of the roles of socks is absorbing perspiration. The foot is among the heaviest producers of sweat in the body, it can produce over 025 US pt (12 L) of perspiration per day; socks help to absorb this sweat and draw it to areas where air can evaporate the perspiration. In cold environments, socks made from cotton or wool help warm up cold feet which in turn helps decrease the risk of getting frostbite. Thin socks are most commonly worn in the summer months to keep feet cool. Light colored socks are typically worn with sports shoes and dark colored socks with dress shoes (often black or navy blue dress socks).

Etymology

The modern English word sock is derived from the Old English word socc, meaning "light slipper". This comes from the Latin soccus, a term to describe a "light, low-heeled shoe" worn by Roman comic actors, and deriving from the Ancient Greek word sykchos.

History

The earliest known pair of socks, created by naalbinding. Dating from 300–500, these were excavated from Oxyrhynchus on the Nile in Egypt. The split toes were designed for use with sandals. On display in the Victoria and Albert museum, reference 2085&A-1900.

Socks have evolved over the centuries from the earliest models, which were made from animal skins gathered up and tied around the ankles. Because the manufacture of socks was relatively time-consuming in pre-industrial times, they were long used only by the rich. The poor wore footwraps, simple cloths wrapped around the feet. These remained in use in Eastern European armies until the end of the 20th century.

According to the Greek poet Hesiod, in the 8th century BC, the Ancient Greeks wore socks called "piloi", which were made from matted animal hair. The Romans also wrapped their feet with leather or woven fabrics. Around the 2nd century AD, the Romans started sewing the fabrics together making fitted socks called "udones". By the 5th century AD, socks called "puttees" were worn by holy people in Europe to symbolize purity.

During the Middle Ages, the length of trousers was extended and the sock became a tight, brightly colored cloth covering the lower part of the leg. Since socks did not have an elastic band, garters were placed over the top of the stockings to prevent them from falling down. When breeches became shorter, socks began to get longer (and more expensive). By 1000 AD, socks became a symbol of wealth among the nobility. From the 16th century onwards, an ornamental design on the ankle or side of a sock has been called a "clock".

Fabrication

Socks can be created from a wide variety of materials, such as cotton, wool, nylon, acrylic, polyester, olefins (such as polypropylene). To get an increased level of softness other materials that might be used during the process can be silk, bamboo, linen, cashmere, or mohair. The color variety of socks can be any color that the designers intend to make the sock upon its creation. Sometimes art is also put onto socks to improve their appearance. Colored socks may be a key part of the uniforms for sports, allowing players teams to be distinguished when only their legs are clearly visible.

Fort Payne, Alabama, is regarded as the "Sock capital of the world" due to nearly half of socks manufactured in the early 21st century were made here. The Fort Payne sock industry employed about 7000 workers at its peak around 2000 AD. Fort Payne, while still one of the largest producers of socks only produces only a quarter of socks, has lost that title to Datang.

The township-level district of Datang in the city of Zhuji in Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China, has become known as Sock City. The town currently produces 8 billion pairs of socks each year, a third of the world's sock production, effectively creating two pairs of socks for every person on the planet in 2011.

Styles

Toe socks

Flip-flops socks

Socks are manufactured in a variety of lengths. No show, low cut, and ankle socks extend to the ankle or lower and are often worn casually or for athletic use. No show and low-cut socks are designed to create the look of bare feet when worn with shoes (sock not visible). Knee-high socks are sometimes associated with formal dress or as being part of a uniform, such as in sports (like football and baseball) or as part of a school's dress code or youth group's uniform. Over-the-knee socks or socks that extend higher (thigh-high socks) are sometimes referred to as female garments in the common era. They were widely worn by children, both boys and girls, during the late 19th and early 20th centuries; although, the popularity varied widely from country to country. When worn by adult females, knee-high or thigh-high socks can become the object of sexual attraction and fetishism by some men. Liner socks are socks which are worn underneath another sock with the intention being to prevent blisters.

Toe socks encases each toe individually the same way a finger is encased in a glove, while other socks have one compartment for the big toe and one for the rest, like a mitten; most notably what Japanese call tabi while other parts of the world simply call it split toe socks. Both of these allow one to wear flip-flops with the socks.

Crew socks are short and thick or thin everyday socks. Those socks are usually ribbed at the top of the ankles. They can be used in a way to warm legs if pulled all the way up.

Sizes

Види још: Shoe size

Knee-high white socks, often worn as part of a school uniform or for fashion

Although generally holding to a pattern of being divided into sizes of small-medium-large, etc., what range of shoe sizes those sock sizes correspond to carries in different markets. Some size standards are coordinated by standard-setting bodies but others have arisen from custom. Sock lengths vary, from ankle-high to thigh level.

Галерија

• Чарапе, део народне ношње, из Народног музеја у Крушевцу
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Види још

• Обојци

Литература

• Andersson, Bendt. „Recommendations to suppliers and manufacturers of orthopedic footwear concerning sizes of shoes and lasts” (PDF) (на језику: шведски). Архивирано из оригинала (PDF) 2012-06-16. г. Приступљено 2009-01-06. 
• „History”. Genuine Brannock Device. Приступљено 2009-01-06. 
• „Size Conversion Chart”. Genuine Brannock Device. Приступљено 2022-02-09. 
• „Instructions”. Genuine Brannock Device. Приступљено 2009-01-06. 
• Telfer S, Woodburn J (2010). „The use of 3D surface scanning for the measurement and assessment of the human foot”. J Foot Ankle Res. 3: 19. PMC 2944246 . PMID 20815914. doi:10.1186/1757-1146-3-19. 
• „ISO/TS 19407:2015 - Footwear -- Sizing -- Conversion of sizing systems”. www.iso.org (на језику: енглески). Приступљено 2018-06-22. 
• „National Baseball Hall of Fame – A History of the Baseball Uniform – Introduction”. National Baseball Hall of Fame. Архивирано из оригинала 24. 7. 2008. г. Приступљено 2008-06-14. CS1 одржавање: Формат датума (веза)
• „Baseball Uniforms of the 20th Century by Baseball Almanac”. Baseball Almanac. Архивирано из оригинала 9. 5. 2008. г. Приступљено 2008-05-02. CS1 одржавање: Формат датума (веза)
• „National Baseball Hall of Fame – Dressed to the Nines – Timeline”. National Baseball Hall of Fame. Архивирано из оригинала 5. 4. 2008. г. Приступљено 2008-05-11. CS1 одржавање: Формат датума (веза)
• „National Baseball Hall of Fame – Dressed to the Nines – Uniform Database”. National Baseball Hall of Fame. Архивирано из оригинала 11. 4. 2008. г. Приступљено 2008-05-02. CS1 одржавање: Формат датума (веза)
• „Rugby Socks”. Архивирано из оригинала 2023-02-04. г. .
• „What do rugby players wear?”. The Rugby Paper. 2020-01-14. Архивирано из оригинала 2023-02-04. г. Приступљено 10. 5. 2022. CS1 одржавање: Формат датума (веза)

Спољашње везе

• „Sockmuseum, Historical socks”. Sock Museum. 
• IS 8751-1 (1978): Footwear sizes in mondopoint system, Part 1: Fundamental characteristics
• IS 8751-2 (1978): Footwear sizes in mondopoint system, Part 2: Length grading
• Chart of US shoe widths by size