Ноћ

Ноћ

Ноћ је период времена између заласка Сунца и свитања током којег се не види Сунчева светлост. Супротно од ноћи је обданица. Доба његовог трајања зависи од много фактора као што су годишње доба, географска ширина, географска дужина и временска зона.

Током ноћи већина људи и животиња спава, јер не могу да спроводе већину активности без дневног светла. Недостатак дневног светла има утицај на морфологију, физиологију и понашање скоро свих живих организама. Насупрот томе неке животиње на пример слепи мишеви или цврчци су активни пре свега ноћу.

У култури и митологији ноћ се често спаја са злом и опасношћу. У народном фолклору у такорећи свим земљама постоје легенде о бићима које су по ноћи активне и ту се говори о духовима, вукодлацима и сл.

The word can be used in a different sense as the time between bedtime and morning. In common communication, it is a farewell (sometimes lengthened to "good night"), mainly when someone is going to sleep or leaving.

Duration and geography

On Earth, an average night is shorter than daytime due to two factors. Firstly, the Sun's apparent disk is not a point, but has an angular diameter of about 32 arcminutes (32'). Secondly, the atmosphere refracts sunlight so that some of it reaches the ground when the Sun is below the horizon by about 34'. The combination of these two factors means that light reaches the ground when the center of the solar disk is below the horizon by about 50'. Without these effects, daytime and night would be the same length on both equinoxes, the moments when the Sun appears to contact the celestial equator. On the equinoxes, daytime actually lasts almost 14 minutes longer than night does at the equator, and even longer towards the poles.

The drainage basin of the Nile river and delta at night

In the region within either polar circle, the variation in daylight hours is so extreme that part of summer sees a period without night intervening between consecutive days, while part of winter sees a period without daytime intervening between consecutive nights.

Beyond Earth

The waning moon

The phenomenon of day and night is due to the rotation of a celestial body about its axis, creating an illusion of the sun rising and setting. Different bodies spin at very different rates, some much faster than Earth and others extremely slowly, leading to very long days and nights. The planet Venus rotates once every 224.7 days – by far the slowest rotation period of any of the major planets. In contrast, the gas giant Jupiter's sidereal day is only 9 hours and 56 minutes. The length of a planet's orbital period determines the length of its day-night cycle as well - Venus has a rotation period of 224.7 days, but a day-night cycle just 116.75 days long due to its retrograde rotation and orbital motion around the Sun. Mercury has the longest day-night cycle as a result of its 3:2 resonance between its orbital period and rotation period - this resonance gives it a day-night cycle that is 176 days long. A planet may experience large temperature variations between day and night, such as Mercury, the planet closest to the sun. This is one consideration in terms of planetary habitability or the possibility of extraterrestrial life.

Effects on life

Social

Regent Street, London, England, at 10:00 pm

The first constant electric light was demonstrated in 1835. As artificial lighting has improved, especially after the Industrial Revolution, nighttime activity has increased and become a significant part of the economy in most places. Many establishments, such as nightclubs, bars, convenience stores, fast-food restaurants, gas stations, distribution facilities, and police stations now operate 24 hours a day or stay open as late as 1 or 2 a.m. Even without artificial light, moonlight sometimes makes it possible to travel or work outdoors at night.

Nightlife is a collective term for entertainment that is available and generally more popular from the late evening into the early hours of the morning. It includes pubs, bars, nightclubs, parties, live music, concerts, cabarets, theatre, cinemas, and shows. These venues often require a cover charge for admission. Nightlife entertainment is often more adult-oriented than daytime entertainment.

Cultural and psychological

Vincent van Gogh's painting Starry Night (1889)

Upper Paleolithic art was found to show (by André Leroi-Gourhan) a pattern of choices where the portrayal of animals that were experienced as dangerous were located at a distance from the entrance of a cave dwelling at a number of different cave locations.

People who prefer nocturnal activity are called night owls.

Литература

• „International Night Studies Network”. the CISAN-UNAM (México), the Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Montreal, McGill (Canada), the Institut de Géoarchitecture and the IDA-Brest (France). Архивирано из оригинала 15. 5. 2021. г. Приступљено 23. 5. 2021. CS1 одржавање: Формат датума (веза)CS1 одржавање: BOT: статус параметра оригинални-URL непознат (веза)
• Shaw, Robert (2. 2. 2018). The Nocturnal City (Ebook). Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9781317197225. Приступљено 23. 5. 2021 — преко Google Books. „"...This book looks at the relationship between night and society in contemporary cities.."” CS1 одржавање: Формат датума (веза)
• Linn, Jason (2014). The dark side of Rome : a social history of nighttime in ancient Rome. Santa Barbara, California: University of California. ISBN 9781321349702. Приступљено 23. 12. 2022. CS1 одржавање: Формат датума (веза)
• Benjamin Schwarz (април 2012). „Night Owls”. Atlantic Magazine. стр. 82—83. CS1 одржавање: Формат датума (веза)
• „Ray Oldenburg”. Project for Public Spaces. Архивирано из оригинала 2. 7. 2015. г. Приступљено 18. 6. 2015. CS1 одржавање: Формат датума (веза)
• „Eric Adams, Shouldn't You Be Working?”. New York magazine. 9. 9. 2022. Приступљено 11. 9. 2022. CS1 одржавање: Формат датума (веза)
• Grazian, David (2009). „Urban Nightlife, Social Capital, and the Public Life of Cities”. Sociological Forum. 24 (4): 908—917. JSTOR 40542603. doi:10.1111/j.1573-7861.2009.01143.x. 
• „Licensing Act 2003”. legislation.gov.uk. Архивирано из оригинала 2. 7. 2016. г. Приступљено 17. 6. 2015. CS1 одржавање: Формат датума (веза)
• Moss, Stuart (2010). The Entertainment Industry: An Introduction. CABI. стр. 66. ISBN 978-1-84593-551-1. Архивирано из оригинала 8. 1. 2016. г. Приступљено 14. 11. 2015. CS1 одржавање: Формат датума (веза)
• Hansen, V.; Lund, E.; Smith-Sivertsen, T. (март 1998). „Self-reported mental distress under the shifting daylight in the high north”. Psychological Medicine. 28 (2): 447—452. PMID 9572101. S2CID 10556073. doi:10.1017/S0033291797006326. CS1 одржавање: Формат датума (веза)
• Asmelash, Leah; Allan, David (30. 7. 2019). „A black moon is coming on July 31. Here's what that means”. CNN. CS1 одржавање: Формат датума (веза)
• Buick, Tony; Pugh, Philip (2011). How to Photograph the Moon and Planets with Your Digital Camera. Springer. ISBN 978-1-4419-5828-0. 
• Kelley, David H.; Milone, Eugene F. (2011). Exploring Ancient Skies: A Survey of Ancient and Cultural Astronomy (2nd изд.). Springer. ISBN 978-1-4419-7624-6. 
• Kutner, Marc L. (2003). Astronomy: A Physical Perspective. Cambridge University Press. стр. 435. ISBN 978-0-521-52927-3. 
• Lynch, Mike. Texas Starwatch. Voyageur Press. ISBN 978-1-61060-511-3. 
• Naylor, John (2002). Out of the Blue: A 24-Hour Skywatcher's Guide. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-80925-2. 
• Ruggles, Clive L. N. (2005). Ancient Astronomy: An Encyclopedia of Cosmologies and Myth. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-85109-477-6. 
• Seidelmann, P. Kenneth, ур. (1992). Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Almanac. Mill Valley: University Science Books. 

Спољашње везе

• The polar night and polar darkness
• Many years' of webcam pictures from Tromsø, Norway. These clearly show the progression into and away from winter at a latitude within the Arctic Circle.