Drugo zlatno doba televizije

S Vikipedije, slobodne enciklopedije

U SAD, sadašnje Zlatno doba televizije (takođe poznato kao Pik TV ili Prestiž TV )[1][2] je period za koji se smatra da je obeležen velikim brojem „visokokvalitetnih“ međunarodno priznatih televizijskih programa.[3][4][5][6]

Naziv je kreiran u odnosu na originalno zlatno doba televizije iz 1950-ih. Trenutni period se takođe naziva „novo“, „drugo“ ili „treće zlatno doba televizije“. Različiti nazivi odražavaju neslaganje oko toga da li emisije iz 1980-ih i ranih sredina 1990-ih pripadaju zlatnoj eri koja je od okončana ili sadašnjoj.[17] Savremeni period se generalno identifikuje kao otpočeo 1999. godine sa Porodicom Soprano,[18][19] sa izvesnim sporom oko toga da li se ovo zlatno doba doba završilo sredinom kasnih 2010-ih[18][20][21][22] ili početkom 2020-ih,[23] ili je i dalje u toku.[24]

Veruje se da je rezultat napretka u tehnologiji distribucije medija, digitalne TV tehnologije (uključujući televiziju visoke rezolucije, onlajn video platforme, TV striming, video na zahtev i veb TV),[25] i veliko povećanje broja sati dostupne televizije, što je izazvalo veliki talas kreiranja sadržaja.[26]

Istorija[uredi | uredi izvor]

Glumačka ekipa Svemirski brod svitac se ponovo okuplja na panelu Komik-Kon u San Dijegu

Francuski naučnik Aleksis Pišar tvrdi da je televizija uživala u Drugom zlatnom dobu[27] počevši od 2000-ih koje je predstavljalo kombinaciju tri elementa: prvo, poboljšanje vizuelne estetike i pripovedanja; drugo, ukupna homogenost između serija TV stanica i serija mreža; i treće, ogroman popularni uspeh. Ond tvrdi da je ovo Drugo zlatno doba bilo rezultat revolucije koju su pokrenule tradicionalne mreže 1980-ih i sprovedene kablovskim kanalima (posebno HBO) 1990-ih.[28] Filmski reditelj Frensis Ford Kopola smatra da drugo zlatno doba televizije dolazi od „klinaca” sa „tatinim kaemkoderima”, koji su hteli da snimaju filmove kao on 1970-ih, ali im nije bilo dozvoljeno, pa su to radili za televiziju.[29]

Novo Zlatno doba donelo je tragične drame 2000-ih i 2010-ih koje su pokretali stvaraoci, uključujući Porodicu Soprano iz 1999.[30][31] i Zapadno krilo; 2001. Sik Feet Under and 24;[30] Žica[30] i Prljava značka iz 2002.,[30] Dedvud iz 2004.,[32][30] Izgubljeni[33] i Betlstar Galaktika;[30] Uvod u anatomiju te Avatar: Poslednji vladar vetrova iz 2005; Friday Night Lights 2006;[30] Ljudi sa Menhetena iz 2007.;[30] Čista hemija iz 2008.;[30] Igra prestola iz 2011;[34][35] i Kuća od karata iz 2013. godine.[36] Druge serije se pojavljuju u Američkom savezu pisaca koji glasaju za 101 najbolju napisanu TV emisiju. [37] Produkcijske vrednosti su postale veće nego ikada ranije u serijama kao što su Ljudi sa Menhetena, Čista Hemija i Domovina, do te mere da su bile konkurentne filmu, dok je za anti-herojske serije poput Porodice Soprano i Žice navođeno da poboljšavaju televizijski sadržaj i tako dobijaju pohvale kritike.[38][39][40]

Stefani Zaharek iz The Village Voice tvrdi da je sadašnje zlatno doba počelo ranije sa serijama kao što su Vavilon 5, Zvezdane staze: Duboki svemir 9 (od kojih su oba premijerno prikazana 1993.) i Bafi, ubica vampira (1997).[15] TV kritičar Alan Sepinvol navodi emisije kao što su Bafi i Oz (koje su obe prvi put emitovane 1997. godine) kao uvod u zlatno doba [30] Vil Gomperc sa Bi-Bi-Sija veruje da bi Prijatelji, koji su debitovali 1994. godine, mogli da budu uvodno ostvarenje za zlatni period. Met Zoler Zajc tvrdi da je počelo 1980-ih sa Hill Street Blues (1981) i St. Elsewhere (1982). Kirk Hamilton iz Kotakua je rekao da Avatar: Poslednji vazdušni mag (2005) treba smatrati delom zlatnog doba televizije i preporučio je drugima „sofisticirani dečji šou”.[41] Sa porastom trenutnog pristupa sadržaju na Netflik-u, televizijske emisije stekle su lojalne pratioce koji su postali široko popularni. Uspeh trenutnog pristupa televizijskim emisijama nagovešten je popularnošću DVD-a i nastavlja da raste sa porastom digitalnih platformi i onlajn kompanija.

Veruje se da je zlatno doba televizije rezultat napretka u tehnologiji distribucije medija, digitalne TV tehnologije (uključujući HDTV, onlajn video platforme, TV striming, video na zahtev i veb TV),[25] i veliki porast broja sati dostupnog programa, što je izazvalo veliki talas kreiranja sadržaja.[26]

Povećanje broja emisija se takođe navodi kao dokaz zlatnog doba, ili „vrhunske televizije“. U pet godina između 2011. i 2016. godine, broj scenarističkih televizijskih emisija, na emitovanim, kablovskim i digitalnim platformama porastao je za 71%. U 2002. godini emitovane su 182 televizijske serije, dok je 2016. bilo 455 ostvarenja po originalnom po scenariju i 495 u 2018. Broj emisija u velikoj meri raste zahvaljujući kompanijama kao što su Netfliks, Amazon Video i Hulu koje ulažu velika sredstva u originalni sadržaj. Broj emisija koje emituje onlajn servis porastao je sa samo jedne u 2009. na preko 93 u 2016.[42][43][44][45][46][47]

Otprilike 2019. godine počeo je period intenzivne konkurencije za tržišni udeo među servisima za striming, period poznat kao ratovi za striming. Ovo takmičenje je pojačano tokom prve dve godine pandemije kovida 19 jer je sve više ljudi ostajalo kod kuće i gledalo TV. Mnoge usluge su pokušale da se takmiče u kvalitetu. Ratovi striminga, u kombinaciji sa padom popularnosti mejnstrim filmova (zajedno sa navedenim mejnstrim filmovima koji se sve više oslanjaju na franšize za koje je manje verovatno da će dobiti nagrade), i porast nezavisnih filmova koji osvajaju glavne filmske nagrade u poslednjih šest godina, rezultirali su u istoriji prvi — prvi film sa servisa za striming koji je proizveo dobitnika Oskara za najbolji film: CODA Apple TV -a (film koji je osvojio glavnu nagradu na Sandensu o jedinom čujućem članu porodice gluvih koji se bori za slavu) u odnosu na Netfliksov kandidat vestern Moć psa u režiji Džejn Kampion na 94. dodeli Oskara.[48] Uglavnom je priznato da su ratovi za striming završeni 2022. godine, pošto su glavni strimeri izgubili pretplatnike i preusmerili svoj fokus na profit preko tržišnog udela podizanjem pretplate, smanjenjem budžeta za proizvodnju, suzbijanjem deljenja lozinki i uvođenjem nivoa podržanih oglasima.[49]

Ova era nije bez kritika: pored ograničene privlačnosti za gledaoce emisija u kojima se pojavljuju neprikladni likovi i previše šourunera koji prihvataju strukturu priča „12-satnog filma“, [50] broj originalnih emisija koje se produciraju ima neke, poput Izvršni direktor FKS-a Džon Landgraf[51][52] i Tajmova TV kritičarka Džudi Berman[1] zabrinuti su da će preplaviti publiku do tačke koju je ovaj drugi nazvao „vrhunskom viškom“.[1][53] Autor Danijel Keli tvrdi da je ovo bilo i zlatno doba loše televizije.[54] Derek Tompson iz Atlantika izjavio je da je TV zamenila filmove kao „elitnu zabavu“.[55]

Odabrane serije[uredi | uredi izvor]

U nastavku su prikazane odabrene serije i mini-serije iz zlatnog perioda, prikazane sa originalnim naslovom:

Ostvarenja pre 1999. g. povezane sa savremenim zlatnim dobom[uredi | uredi izvor]

Reference[uredi | uredi izvor]

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