Mongolska visoravan — разлика између измена
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(нема разлике)
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Mongolska visoravan is the part of the Central Asian Plateau lying between 37°46′-53°08′N and 87°40′-122°15′E and having an area of approximately 3.200.000 km2 (1.200.000 sq mi). It is bounded by the Greater Hinggan Mountains in the east, the Yin Mountains to the south, the Altai Mountains to the west, and the Sayan and Khentii mountains to the north.[1] The plateau includes the Gobi Desert as well as dry steppe regions. It has an elevation of roughly 1,000 to 1,500 meters, with the lowest point in Hulunbuir and the highest point in Altai.[1]
Politically, the plateau is divided between Mongolia, China and Russia. In China, parts of the Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang autonomous regions lie on the plateau. In Russia, the plateau forms part of Buryatia and the southern Irkutsk Oblast.
Istorija
The plateau was inhabited and conquered by various groups, including (chronologically) the Xiongnu, Xianbei, Göktürks, Tang dynasty, Liao dynasty, Mongol Empire, and Qing dynasty.
Promene okruženja
Many lakes on the Mongolian Plateau such as Qagaan Nurr and XinKai Lake, have shrunk by two-thirds of their surface area. Some have dried up completely; the Huangqihai Lake and Naiman Xihu dried up entirely between 1980 and 2010. While a few lakes such as East Juyan Lake and Had Paozi have grown, on average the total surface area of lakes has shrunk by 30%.[2][3]
Reference
- ^ а б Zhang, Xueyan; Hu, Yunfeng; Zhuang, Dafang; Qi, Yongqing; Ma, Xin (2009). „NDVI spatial pattern and its differentiation on the Mongolian Plateau”. Journal of Geographical Sciences. Springer-Verlag. 19 (4): 405. doi:10.1007/s11442-009-0403-7.
- ^ „Shrinking Lakes on the Mongolian Plateau”. NASA. 8. 4. 2015. Приступљено 26. 11. 2016.
- ^ Tao, Shengli; Fang, Jingyun; Zhao, Xia; Zhao, Shuqing; Shen, Haihua; Hu, Huifeng; Tang, Zhiyao; Wang, Zhiheng; Guo, Qinghua (17. 2. 2015). „Rapid loss of lakes on the Mongolian Plateau”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 112 (7): 2281—2286. PMC 4343146 . PMID 25646423. doi:10.1073/pnas.1411748112.
Literatura
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- Bellér-Hann, Ildikó (2008). Community Matters in Xinjiang, 1880-1949: Towards a Historical Anthropology of the Uyghur. Brill. ISBN 978-9004166752.
- Hill, John E. 2004. The Peoples of the West from the Weilue 魏略 by Yu Huan 魚豢: A Third Century Chinese Account Composed between 239 and 265 CE. Draft annotated English translation. [1]
- Hill, John E. (2009) Through the Jade Gate to Rome: A Study of the Silk Routes during the Later Han Dynasty, 1st to 2nd Centuries CE. BookSurge, Charleston, South Carolina. ISBN 978-1-4392-2134-1.
- Mallory, J.P. and Mair, Victor H. 2000. The Tarim Mummies: Ancient China and the Mystery of the Earliest Peoples from the West. Thames & Hudson. London. ISBN 0-500-05101-1.
- Edme Mentelle; Malte Conrad Brun (dit Conrad) Malte-Brun; Pierre-Etienne Herbin de Halle (1804). Géographie mathématique, physique & politique de toutes les parties du monde, Volume 12 (на језику: француски). H. Tardieu. Приступљено 10. 3. 2014.
- Millward, James A. (1998). Beyond the Pass: Economy, Ethnicity, and Empire in Qing Central Asia, 1759-1864 (illustrated изд.). Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0804729338. Приступљено 10. 3. 2014.
- Stein, Aurel M. 1907. Ancient Khotan: Detailed report of archaeological explorations in Chinese Turkestan, 2 vols. Clarendon Press. Oxford. [2]
- Stein, Aurel M. 1921. Serindia: Detailed report of explorations in Central Asia and westernmost China, 5 vols. London & Oxford. Clarendon Press. Reprint: Delhi. Motilal Banarsidass. 1980. [3]
- Stein Aurel M. 1928. Innermost Asia: Detailed report of explorations in Central Asia, Kan-su and Eastern Iran, 5 vols. Clarendon Press. Reprint: New Delhi. Cosmo Publications. 1981.
- John, Ranjeet; et al. (2013). „Vegetation response to extreme climate events on the Mongolian Plateau from 2000 to 2010”. Environmental Research Letters. IOP Publishing. 8 (3): 035033. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/8/3/035033 .
- „Mongolian Plateau region, Mongolia and China”. Britannica.com. Encyclopædia Britannica. 2. 8. 1999. Приступљено 26. 11. 2016.
- Jarring, Gunnar (1997). "The toponym Takla-makan", Turkic Languages, Vol. 1, pp. 227–240.
- Hopkirk, Peter (1980). Foreign Devils on the Silk Road: The Search for the Lost Cities and Treasures of Chinese Central Asia. Amherst: The University of Massachusetts Press. ISBN 0-87023-435-8.
- Hopkirk, Peter (1994). The Great Game: The Struggle for Empire in Central Asia. ISBN 1-56836-022-3.
- Tamm, Eric Enno (2010). The Horse That Leaps Through Clouds. Vancouver/Toronto/Berkeley: Douglas & McIntyre. ISBN 9781553652694 (cloth); ISBN 978-1-55365-638-8 (ebook).
- Warner, Thomas T. (2004). Desert Meteorology. Cambridge University Press, 612 pages. ISBN 0-521-81798-6.
- Cariou, Alain (2010). „Taklamakan”. Encyclopaedia Iranica.
- Chisholm, Hugh, ур. (1911). „Takla Makan”. Encyclopædia Britannica (на језику: енглески). 26 (11 изд.). Cambridge University Press. стр. 365—366.
- Tian, Fei; Lu, Xinbian; Zheng, Songqing; Zhang, Hongfang; Rong, Yuanshuai; Yang, Debin; Liu, Naigui (2017-06-26). „Structure and Filling Characteristics of Paleokarst Reservoirs in the Northern Tarim Basin, Revealed by Outcrop, Core and Borehole Images”. Open Geosciences. 9 (1): 266—280. Bibcode:2017OGeo....9...22T. ISSN 2391-5447. doi:10.1515/geo-2017-0022 .
- Boliang, H., 1992, Petroleum Geology and Prospects of Tarim (Talimu) Basin, China, In Giant Oil and Gas Fields of the Decade, 1978-1988, AAPG Memoir 54, Halbouty, M.T., editor, Tulsa: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, ISBN 0891813330
- „Natural Gas Geochemistry in the Tarim Basin, China and Its Indication to Gas Filling History, by Tongwei Zhang, Quanyou Liu, Jinxing Dai, and Yongchun Tang, #10131”. www.searchanddiscovery.net. 2007. Архивирано из оригинала 2008-10-26. г.
- Karen Teo (4. 1. 2005). „Doubts over Sinopec oil find in Tarim”. thestandard.com.hk. Архивирано из оригинала 10. 3. 2011. г.
- „Baker Hughes Signs Strategic Framework Agreement with PetroChina Tarim Oilfield Co.”. bakerhughes.com. 10. 6. 2010. Архивирано из оригинала 19. 6. 2010. г.
- Li, Yan; Wang, Yu-Gang; Houghton, R. A.; Tang, Li-Song (2015). „Hidden carbon sink beneath desert”. Geophysical Research Letters (на језику: енглески). 42 (14): 5880—5887. Bibcode:2015GeoRL..42.5880L. ISSN 1944-8007. doi:10.1002/2015GL064222 . Генерални сажетак – Inhabitat (2015-09-16).
Spoljašnje veze
- Wong, Edward (2009-07-12). „Rumbles on the Rim of China's Empire - NYTimes.com”. www.nytimes.com. Архивирано из оригинала 2011-12-04. г. Приступљено 2009-07-13.