Месје 33 — разлика између измена

М33
М33
Подаци посматрања (J2000.0 епоха)
Сазвежђе	Троугао
Ректасцензија	1h 33m 51,9s
Деклинација	+ 30° 39" 29'
Црвени помак	-0,000607
Хелиоцентрична радијална брзина	-182 km/s
Удаљеност	0,915 Mpc
Привидна величина (V)	5,5
Врста	спирална галаксија
Број звезда	40 милијарди (4×1010)
Величина	68,70' x 41,6'
Позициони угао (V)	23°
Фотографска магнитуда; (Б филтер)	6,2
Остале ознаке
	NGC 598 UGC 1117, MCG 5-4-69, CGCG 502-110, Triangulum galaxy, PGC 5818
	Види још: Галаксија, Списак галаксија

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Верзија на датум 9. јануар 2022. у 13:14

Месје 33 (М33) је спирална галаксија у сазвежђу Троугао која се налази у Месјеовом каталогу објеката дубоког неба.

Деклинација објекта је + 30° 39' 29" а ректасцензија 1h 33m 51,9s. Привидна величина (магнитуда) објекта М33 износи 5,5 а фотографска магнитуда 6,2. Налази се на удаљености од 0,915 милиона парсека од Сунца. М33 је још познат и под ознакама NGC 598 UGC 1117, MCG 5-4-69, CGCG 502-110, Triangulum galaxy, PGC 5818. The Triangulum Galaxy is the third-largest member of the Local Group of galaxies, behind the Andromeda Galaxy and the Milky Way. It is one of the most distant permanent objects that can be viewed with the naked eye.^[7]

The galaxy is the smallest spiral galaxy in the Local Group (although the smaller Large and Small Magellanic Clouds may have been spirals before their encounters with the Milky Way), and is believed to be a satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy or on its rebound into the latter due to their interactions, velocities,^[8] and proximity to one another in the night sky. It also has an H II nucleus.^[9]

Етимологија

The galaxy gets its name from the constellation Triangulum, where it can be spotted.

It is sometimes informally referred to as the "Pinwheel Galaxy" by some astronomy references,^[10] in some computerized telescope software, and in some public outreach websites.^[11] However, the SIMBAD Astronomical Database, a professional database, collates formal designations for astronomical objects and indicates that Pinwheel Galaxy refers to Messier 101,^[12] which several amateur astronomy resources including public outreach websites identify by that name, and that is within the bounds of Ursa Major.^[13]^[14]

Видљивост

Under exceptionally good viewing conditions with no light pollution, the Triangulum Galaxy can be seen with the 20/20 vision naked eye;^[15] to those viewers, it will sometimes be the farthest permanent entity visible without magnification.^[16]^[17] Its light diffuses (spreads) across a little more than a pinprick of the unmagnified sky, the cause of which is its broadness – this astronomers term a diffuse, rather than compact, object.

Observers range from finding the galaxy easily visible by direct vision in a truly dark (and impliedly dry, cloud-free) sky to needing to use averted vision in rural or suburban skies with good viewing conditions.^[15] It has been chosen as one of the critical sky marks of the Bortle Dark-Sky Scale,^[18] supported by its relative invariability, reasonable northern declination and brightness described.

Историја посматрања

The Triangulum Galaxy was probably discovered by the Italian astronomer Giovanni Battista Hodierna before 1654. In his work De systemate orbis cometici; deque admirandis coeli caracteribus ("About the systematics of the cometary orbit, and about the admirable objects of the sky"), he listed it as a cloud-like nebulosity or obscuration and gave the cryptic description, "near the Triangle hinc inde". This is in reference to the constellation of Triangulum as a pair of triangles. The magnitude of the object matches M33, so it is most likely a reference to the Triangulum Galaxy.^[19]

The galaxy was independently discovered by Charles Messier on the night of August 25–26, 1764. It was published in his Catalog of Nebulae and Star Clusters (1771) as object number 33; hence the name M33.^[20] When William Herschel compiled his extensive catalogue of nebulae, he was careful not to include most of the objects identified by Messier.^[21] However, M33 was an exception and he catalogued this object on September 11, 1784, as H V-17.^[22]

Herschel also catalogued the Triangulum Galaxy's brightest and largest H II region (diffuse emission nebula containing ionized hydrogen) as H III.150 separately from the galaxy itself; the nebula eventually obtained NGC number 604. As seen from Earth, NGC 604 is located northeast of the galaxy's central core. It is one of the largest H II regions known, with a diameter of nearly 1500 light-years and a spectrum similar to that of the Orion Nebula. Herschel also noted three other smaller H II regions (NGC 588, 592, and 595).

It was among the first "spiral nebulae" identified as such by Lord Rosse in 1850. In 1922–23, John Charles Duncan and Max Wolf discovered variable stars in the nebulae. Edwin Hubble showed in 1926 that 35 of these stars were classical Cepheids, thereby allowing him to estimate their distances. The results were consistent with the concept of spiral nebulae being independent galactic systems of gas and dust, rather than just nebulae in the Milky Way.^[23]

NGC 604 in the Triangulum Galaxy
Triangulum Galaxy as photographed by an amateur astronomer. Not related foreground stars have been edited out.
Composite of about 54 different pointings with Hubble's Advanced Camera for Surveys.^[24]

Види још

Референце

^ ^а ^б „M 33 – Galaxy”. SIMBAD. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Приступљено 2009-11-28.
^ ^а ^б SIMBAD база података, Стразбуршки центар астрономских података (CDS), Стразбур
^ NASA/IPAC вангалактичка база података - NED, JPL, Caltech, Калифорнија http://nedwww.ipac.caltech.edu/
^ U, Vivian; Urbaneja, Miguel A.; Kudritzki, Rolf-Peter; Jacobs, Bradley A.; Bresolin, Fabio; Przybilla, Norbert (2009). „A New Distance to M33 Using Blue Supergiants and the FGLR Method”. The Astrophysical Journal. 704 (2): 1120—1134. Bibcode:2009ApJ...704.1120U. S2CID 14893769. arXiv:0909.0032 . doi:10.1088/0004-637X/704/2/1120.
^ Corbelli, Edvige (јун 2003). „Dark matter and visible baryons in M33”. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 342 (1): 199—207. Bibcode:2003MNRAS.342..199C. S2CID 119383732. arXiv:astro-ph/0302318 . doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06531.x.
^ ^а ^б Michon, Gerard P. „Sizing up the Universe - Stars, Sand and Nucleons”. Приступљено 2010-01-07.
^ Garner, Rob (2019-02-20). „Messier 33 (The Triangulum Galaxy)”. NASA. Приступљено 2021-05-16.
^ Brunthaler, Andreas; Reid, Mark J.; Falcke, Heino; Greenhill, Lincoln J.; et al. (2005). „The Geometric Distance and Proper Motion of the Triangulum Galaxy (M33)”. Science. 307 (5714): 1440—1443. Bibcode:2005Sci...307.1440B. PMID 15746420. S2CID 28172780. arXiv:astro-ph/0503058 . doi:10.1126/science.1108342.
^ Ho, Luis C.; Filippenko, Alexei V.; Sargent, Wallace L. W. (октобар 1997). „A Search for "Dwarf" Seyfert Nuclei. III. Spectroscopic Parameters and Properties of the Host Galaxies”. Astrophysical Journal Supplement. 112 (2): 315—390. Bibcode:1997ApJS..112..315H. S2CID 17086638. arXiv:astro-ph/9704107 . doi:10.1086/313041.
^ O'Meara, S. J. (1998). The Messier Objects. Cambridge: Cambridge University. ISBN 978-0-521-55332-2.
^ „NASA Spitzer Telescope Reveals Pinwheel Galaxy's Hidden Wonders”. Приступљено 2007-04-07.
^ „SIMBAD Astronomical Database”. Results for Messier 101. Приступљено 2007-04-07.
^ „Messier Object 101”. Приступљено 2007-04-07.
^ „Best of AOP: M101: Pinwheel Galaxy”. Приступљено 2007-04-07.
^ ^а ^б Bortle, John E. (фебруар 2001). „The Bortle Dark-Sky Scale”. Приступљено 2010-01-07.
^ The following source lists it as the most distant object:
Naeye, Robert (21. 3. 2008). „A Stellar Explosion You Could See on Earth!”. NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. Приступљено 2010-04-13.
However, the more distant galaxy Messier 81 has also been sighted with the naked eye:
Christensen, Lars Lindberg; Zezas, Andreas; Noll, Keith; Villard, Ray (28. 5. 2007). „Hubble photographs grand spiral galaxy Messier 81”. ESA. Приступљено 2010-06-15.
^ Skiff, Brian (10. 1. 1997). „Messier 81 naked-eye”. sci.astro.amateur. Приступљено 2010-02-11.
^ Wilson, Barbara; Mitchell, Larry. „The Revised AINTNO 100”. Astronomy-Mall. Приступљено 2010-02-11.
^ Fodera-Serio, G.; Indorato, L.; Nastasi, P. (фебруар 1985). „Hodierna's Observations of Nebulae and his Cosmology”. Journal for the History of Astronomy. 16 (1): 1—36. Bibcode:1985JHA....16....1F. S2CID 118328541. doi:10.1177/002182868501600101 .
^ information@eso.org. „Triangulum Galaxy Snapped by VST”. www.eso.org (на језику: енглески). Приступљено 2021-05-16.
^ Jones, Kenneth Glyn (1991). Messier's nebulae and star clusters. The Practical astronomy handbook series (2nd изд.). Cambridge University Press. стр. 366. ISBN 978-0-521-37079-0.
^ Mullaney, James (2007). The Herschel objects and how to observe them. Astronomers' Observing Guides. Springer. стр. 16—17. Bibcode:2007hoho.book.....M. ISBN 978-0-387-68124-5.
^ Van den Bergh, Sidney (2000). The galaxies of the Local Group. Cambridge astrophysics series. 35. Cambridge University Press. стр. 72. ISBN 978-0-521-65181-3.
^ „Hubble takes gigantic image of the Triangulum Galaxy” (на језику: енглески). www.spacetelescope.org. Приступљено 8. 1. 2019.

Литература

Revised New General Catalogue and Index Catalogue, Wolfgang Steinicke, 2012. Доступно у овом фајлу са објашњењем на овој страници
Hodge, Paul (2012). The Spiral Galaxy M33. Astrophysics and Space Science Library. 379. Springer Science+Business Media. ISBN 978-94-007-2024-4. OCLC 757338008. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-2025-1.

Спољашње везе

Интерактивни каталог NGC, IC и Месјеових објеката
SIMBAD база података
The Triangulum Galaxy на WikiSky: DSS2, SDSS, GALEX, IRAS, Hydrogen α, X-Ray, Astrophoto, Sky Map, Чланци и слике
Messier 33, SEDS Messier pages
M33 at ESA/Hubble
Triangulum Galaxy High In Northern Skies
Dark Atmospheres Photography – M33 (dust lane enhancement)
Pointing to the Universe – M33
Balcells, Marc; Szymanek, Nik; Merrifield, Michael. „M33 – Triangulum Galaxy”. Deep Sky Videos. Brady Haran.
NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database entry for Messier 33
Triangulum Galaxy (M33) on Constellation Guide
Triangulum Galaxy – Zoomable UltraHighRez (Hubble; 11 January 2019)

[SIMBAD-M33-1] а ^б „M 33 – Galaxy”. SIMBAD. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Приступљено 2009-11-28.

[simbad-2] а ^б SIMBAD база података, Стразбуршки центар астрономских података (CDS), Стразбур

[3] NASA/IPAC вангалактичка база података - NED, JPL, Caltech, Калифорнија http://nedwww.ipac.caltech.edu/

[vivian-4] U, Vivian; Urbaneja, Miguel A.; Kudritzki, Rolf-Peter; Jacobs, Bradley A.; Bresolin, Fabio; Przybilla, Norbert (2009). „A New Distance to M33 Using Blue Supergiants and the FGLR Method”. The Astrophysical Journal. 704 (2): 1120—1134. Bibcode:2009ApJ...704.1120U. S2CID 14893769. arXiv:0909.0032 . doi:10.1088/0004-637X/704/2/1120.

[mnras342_1-5] Corbelli, Edvige (јун 2003). „Dark matter and visible baryons in M33”. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 342 (1): 199—207. Bibcode:2003MNRAS.342..199C. S2CID 119383732. arXiv:astro-ph/0302318 . doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06531.x.

[michon-6] а ^б Michon, Gerard P. „Sizing up the Universe - Stars, Sand and Nucleons”. Приступљено 2010-01-07.

[7] Garner, Rob (2019-02-20). „Messier 33 (The Triangulum Galaxy)”. NASA. Приступљено 2021-05-16.

[science307_5714-8] Brunthaler, Andreas; Reid, Mark J.; Falcke, Heino; Greenhill, Lincoln J.; et al. (2005). „The Geometric Distance and Proper Motion of the Triangulum Galaxy (M33)”. Science. 307 (5714): 1440—1443. Bibcode:2005Sci...307.1440B. PMID 15746420. S2CID 28172780. arXiv:astro-ph/0503058 . doi:10.1126/science.1108342.

[hoetal1997-9] Ho, Luis C.; Filippenko, Alexei V.; Sargent, Wallace L. W. (октобар 1997). „A Search for "Dwarf" Seyfert Nuclei. III. Spectroscopic Parameters and Properties of the Host Galaxies”. Astrophysical Journal Supplement. 112 (2): 315—390. Bibcode:1997ApJS..112..315H. S2CID 17086638. arXiv:astro-ph/9704107 . doi:10.1086/313041.

[omeara1998-10] O'Meara, S. J. (1998). The Messier Objects. Cambridge: Cambridge University. ISBN 978-0-521-55332-2.

[spaceref.com-11] „NASA Spitzer Telescope Reveals Pinwheel Galaxy's Hidden Wonders”. Приступљено 2007-04-07.

[simbadm101-12] „SIMBAD Astronomical Database”. Results for Messier 101. Приступљено 2007-04-07.

[seds-13] „Messier Object 101”. Приступљено 2007-04-07.

[hubble/esa-14] „Best of AOP: M101: Pinwheel Galaxy”. Приступљено 2007-04-07.

[bort-15] а ^б Bortle, John E. (фебруар 2001). „The Bortle Dark-Sky Scale”. Приступљено 2010-01-07.

[naeye08-16] The following source lists it as the most distant object:
Naeye, Robert (21. 3. 2008). „A Stellar Explosion You Could See on Earth!”. NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. Приступљено 2010-04-13.
However, the more distant galaxy Messier 81 has also been sighted with the naked eye:
Christensen, Lars Lindberg; Zezas, Andreas; Noll, Keith; Villard, Ray (28. 5. 2007). „Hubble photographs grand spiral galaxy Messier 81”. ESA. Приступљено 2010-06-15.

[skiff97-17] Skiff, Brian (10. 1. 1997). „Messier 81 naked-eye”. sci.astro.amateur. Приступљено 2010-02-11.

[wilson_mitchell-18] Wilson, Barbara; Mitchell, Larry. „The Revised AINTNO 100”. Astronomy-Mall. Приступљено 2010-02-11.

[jha16_1-19] Fodera-Serio, G.; Indorato, L.; Nastasi, P. (фебруар 1985). „Hodierna's Observations of Nebulae and his Cosmology”. Journal for the History of Astronomy. 16 (1): 1—36. Bibcode:1985JHA....16....1F. S2CID 118328541. doi:10.1177/002182868501600101 .

[20] rmation@eso.org. „Triangulum Galaxy Snapped by VST”. www.eso.org (на језику: енглески). Приступљено 2021-05-16.

[jones91-21] Jones, Kenneth Glyn (1991). Messier's nebulae and star clusters. The Practical astronomy handbook series (2nd изд.). Cambridge University Press. стр. 366. ISBN 978-0-521-37079-0.

[mullaney07-22] Mullaney, James (2007). The Herschel objects and how to observe them. Astronomers' Observing Guides. Springer. стр. 16—17. Bibcode:2007hoho.book.....M. ISBN 978-0-387-68124-5.

[bergh2000-23] Van den Bergh, Sidney (2000). The galaxies of the Local Group. Cambridge astrophysics series. 35. Cambridge University Press. стр. 72. ISBN 978-0-521-65181-3.

[24] „Hubble takes gigantic image of the Triangulum Galaxy” (на језику: енглески). www.spacetelescope.org. Приступљено 8. 1. 2019.

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@@ Ред 1: / Ред 1: @@
+{{Short description|Спирална галаксија у сазвежђу Троугао}}{{рут}}
 {{НГЦ објект ек|центар|
 | ознака = М33
@@ Ред 4: / Ред 5: @@
 | опис_слике =
 | ширина_слике = 260п
+| име = [[New General Catalogue|NGC]] 0598, [[Morphological Catalogue of Galaxies|MCG]]+05-04-069, [[Uppsala General Catalogue|UGC]] 1117, [[Principal Galaxies Catalogue|PGC]] 5818<ref name=ned/>
-| име =
 | страно_име =
 | друге_ознаке = -{NGC 598 UGC 1117, MCG 5-4-69, CGCG 502-110, Triangulum galaxy, PGC 5818}-
 | сазвежђе = Троугао
 | врста_објекта = [[спирална галаксија]]
-| тип = -{Sc}-
+| тип = -{Sc}-<ref name=ned/>
 | епоха = J2000.0
-| ректасцензија = 1h 33m 51,9s
+| ректасцензија = 1h 33m 51,9s<ref name="SIMBAD-M33"/>
-| деклинација = + 30° 39" 29'
+| деклинација = + 30° 39" 29'<ref name="SIMBAD-M33"/>
-| удаљеност = 0,915 -{Mpc}-<ref>''NASA/IPAC вангалактичка база података - NED'', JPL, Caltech, Калифорнија http://nedwww.ipac.caltech.edu/</ref>
+| удаљеност = 0,915 -{Mpc}-<ref>''NASA/IPAC вангалактичка база података - NED'', JPL, Caltech, Калифорнија http://nedwww.ipac.caltech.edu/</ref><ref name=vivian/>
 | брзина_објекта = -182 -{km/s}-<ref name="simbad">''[http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/ SIMBAD база података]'', Стразбуршки центар астрономских података (CDS), Стразбур</ref>
 | црвени_помак = -0,000607<ref name="simbad"/>
-| број_звезда_у_јату =
+| број_звезда_у_јату = 40 милијарди (4×10<sup>10</sup>)<ref name=michon/>
-| привидна_величина = 5,5
+| привидна_величина = 5,5<ref name=mnras342_1/>
 | магнитуда_најсјајније/централне_звезде =
 | фотографска_магнитуда = 6,2
 | површински_сјај =
-| димензије = 68,70' x 41,6'
+| димензије = 68,70' x 41,6'<ref name=michon/>
 | позициони_угао = 23°
 | Дрејеров_објект = да
@@ Ред 27: / Ред 28: @@
 | белешке =
 }}
 '''Месје 33''' (М33) је [[спирална галаксија]] у [[троугао (сазвежђе)|сазвежђу Троугао]] која се налази у [[Месјеов каталог|Месјеовом каталогу]] објеката дубоког неба.
-[[Деклинација (астрономија)|Деклинација]] објекта је + 30° 39' 29" а [[rektascenzija|ректасцензија]] 1-{h}- 33-{m}- 51,9-{s}-. [[Привидна звездана величина|Привидна величина]] (магнитуда) објекта М33 износи 5,5 а [[фотографска магнитуда]] 6,2. Налази се на удаљености од 0,915 милиона [[парсек]]а од [[Сунце|Сунца]]. М33 је још познат и под ознакама -{NGC 598 UGC 1117, MCG 5-4-69, CGCG 502-110, Triangulum galaxy, PGC 5818}-.
+[[Деклинација (астрономија)|Деклинација]] објекта је + 30° 39' 29" а [[rektascenzija|ректасцензија]] 1-{h}- 33-{m}- 51,9-{s}-. [[Привидна звездана величина|Привидна величина]] (магнитуда) објекта М33 износи 5,5 а [[фотографска магнитуда]] 6,2. Налази се на удаљености од 0,915 милиона [[парсек]]а од [[Сунце|Сунца]]. М33 је још познат и под ознакама -{NGC 598 UGC 1117, MCG 5-4-69, CGCG 502-110, Triangulum galaxy, PGC 5818}-. The Triangulum Galaxy is the third-largest member of the [[Local Group]] of galaxies, behind the [[Andromeda Galaxy]] and the [[Milky Way]]. It is one of the most distant permanent objects that can be viewed with the [[naked eye]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Garner|first=Rob|date=2019-02-20|title=Messier 33 (The Triangulum Galaxy)|url=http://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2019/messier-33-the-triangulum-galaxy|access-date=2021-05-16|website=NASA}}</ref>
+The galaxy is the smallest spiral galaxy in the Local Group (although the smaller [[Large Magellanic Cloud|Large]] and [[Small Magellanic Cloud]]s may have been spirals before their encounters with the Milky Way), and is believed to be a satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy or on its rebound into the latter due to their interactions, velocities,<ref name="science307_5714" /> and proximity to one another in the night sky. It also has an [[H II region|H II]] [[active galactic nucleus|nucleus]].<ref name="hoetal1997">{{Cite journal | last1 = Ho | first1 = Luis C. | last2 = Filippenko | first2 = Alexei V. | last3 = Sargent | first3 = Wallace L. W. | date = October 1997 | title = A Search for "Dwarf" Seyfert Nuclei. III. Spectroscopic Parameters and Properties of the Host Galaxies| journal = Astrophysical Journal Supplement| volume = 112| pages = 315–390| bibcode = 1997ApJS..112..315H| doi = 10.1086/313041| issue = 2 |arxiv = astro-ph/9704107 | s2cid = 17086638}}</ref>
+== Етимологија ==
+The galaxy gets its name from the constellation [[Triangulum]], where it can be spotted.
+It is sometimes informally referred to as the "[[Pinwheel Galaxy (disambiguation)|Pinwheel Galaxy]]" by some astronomy references,<ref name=omeara1998/> in some computerized telescope software, and in some public outreach websites.<ref name="spaceref.com"/> However, the [[SIMBAD Astronomical Database]], a professional database, collates formal designations for astronomical objects and indicates that [[Pinwheel Galaxy]] refers to Messier 101,<ref name=simbadm101/> which several amateur astronomy resources including public outreach websites identify by that name, and that is within the bounds of [[Ursa Major]].<ref name=seds/><ref name="hubble/esa"/>
+== Видљивост ==
+Under exceptionally good viewing conditions with no [[light pollution]], the Triangulum Galaxy can be seen with the [[20/20 vision]] [[naked eye]];<ref name=bort/> to those viewers, it will sometimes be the farthest permanent entity visible without magnification.<ref name=naeye08/><ref name=skiff97/> Its light diffuses (spreads) across a little more than a pinprick of the unmagnified sky, the cause of which is its broadness – this astronomers term a diffuse, rather than compact, object.
+Observers range from finding the galaxy easily visible by direct vision in a truly dark (and impliedly dry, cloud-free) sky to needing to use [[averted vision]] in rural or suburban skies with good viewing conditions.<ref name=bort/> It has been chosen as one of the critical sky marks of the [[Bortle Dark-Sky Scale]],<ref name=wilson_mitchell/> supported by its relative invariability, reasonable northern declination and brightness described.
+[[File:Triangulum Galaxy (Messier 33).jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Triangulum Galaxy (Messier 33), taken with amateur equipment.]]
+== Историја посматрања ==
+The Triangulum Galaxy was probably discovered by the Italian astronomer [[Giovanni Battista Hodierna]] before 1654. In his work ''De systemate orbis cometici; deque admirandis coeli caracteribus'' ("About the systematics of the cometary orbit, and about the admirable objects of the sky"), he listed it as a cloud-like nebulosity or obscuration and gave the cryptic description, "near the Triangle ''hinc inde''". This is in reference to the constellation of Triangulum as a pair of triangles. The magnitude of the object matches M33, so it is most likely a reference to the Triangulum Galaxy.<ref name=jha16_1/>
+The galaxy was independently discovered by [[Charles Messier]] on the night of August 25–26, 1764. It was published in his ''Catalog of Nebulae and Star Clusters'' (1771) as object number 33; hence the name M33.<ref>{{Cite web|last=information@eso.org|title=Triangulum Galaxy Snapped by VST|url=https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1424/|access-date=2021-05-16|website=www.eso.org|language=en}}</ref> When [[William Herschel]] compiled his extensive catalogue of nebulae, he was careful not to include most of the objects identified by Messier.<ref name=jones91/> However, M33 was an exception and he catalogued this object on September 11, 1784, as H V-17.<ref name=mullaney07/>
+Herschel also catalogued the Triangulum Galaxy's brightest and largest [[H II region]] (diffuse [[emission nebula]] containing [[ion]]ized [[hydrogen]]) as H III.150 separately from the galaxy itself; the nebula eventually obtained [[NGC 604|NGC number 604]]. As seen from Earth, NGC 604 is located northeast of the galaxy's central core. It is one of the largest H II regions known, with a diameter of nearly 1500 [[light-year]]s and a [[electromagnetic spectrum|spectrum]] similar to that of the [[Orion Nebula]]. Herschel also noted three other smaller H II regions (NGC 588, 592, and 595).
+It was among the first "[[spiral nebulae]]" identified as such by [[William Parsons, 3rd Earl of Rosse|Lord Rosse]] in 1850. In 1922–23, [[John Charles Duncan]] and [[Max Wolf]] discovered variable stars in the nebulae. [[Edwin Hubble]] showed in 1926 that 35 of these stars were [[Classical Cepheid variable|classical Cepheids]], thereby allowing him to estimate their distances. The results were consistent with the concept of spiral nebulae being independent galactic systems of gas and dust, rather than just nebulae in the Milky Way.<ref name=bergh2000/>
+<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px">
+Image:Nursery of New Stars - GPN-2000-000972.jpg|[[NGC 604]] in the Triangulum Galaxy
+Image:Triangulum_galaxy.png|Triangulum Galaxy as photographed by an amateur astronomer. Not related foreground stars have been edited out.
+File:Messier33 - HST - Heic1901a.jpg|Composite of about 54 different pointings with Hubble's Advanced Camera for Surveys.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hubble takes gigantic image of the Triangulum Galaxy |url=https://www.spacetelescope.org/news/heic1901/ |publisher=www.spacetelescope.org |access-date=8 January 2019 |language=en}}</ref>
+</gallery>
 == Види још ==
@@ Ред 36: / Ред 66: @@
 == Референце ==
-{{reflist}}
+{{reflist|refs=
+<ref name=vivian>{{cite journal|arxiv=0909.0032|doi=10.1088/0004-637X/704/2/1120|title=A New Distance to M33 Using Blue Supergiants and the FGLR Method|year=2009|last1=U|first1=Vivian|last2=Urbaneja|first2=Miguel A.|last3=Kudritzki|first3=Rolf-Peter|last4=Jacobs|first4=Bradley A.|last5=Bresolin|first5=Fabio|last6=Przybilla|first6=Norbert|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=704|issue=2|pages=1120–1134|bibcode=2009ApJ...704.1120U|s2cid=14893769}}</ref>
+<ref name="SIMBAD-M33">{{cite web | title=M 33 – Galaxy | work=SIMBAD | publisher=Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg | url=http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=M33 | access-date=2009-11-28 }}</ref>
-== Спољашње везе ==
-{{Commonscat|Triangulum Galaxy}}
+<ref name=bort>{{cite web | url=http://www.skyandtelescope.com/resources/darksky/3304011.html | title=The Bortle Dark-Sky Scale | first=John E. | last=Bortle |date=February 2001 | access-date=2010-01-07 }}</ref>
-* [http://spider.seds.org/ngc/ngc.html Интерактивни каталог NGC, IC и Месјеових објеката]
-* [http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/ -{SIMBAD}- база података]
+<ref name=skiff97>{{cite web | first=Brian | last=Skiff | date=January 10, 1997 | title=Messier 81 naked-eye | work=sci.astro.amateur | url=http://www.maa.clell.de/Messier/E/Xtra/Supp/m81naked.txt | access-date=2010-02-11 }}</ref>
+<ref name=wilson_mitchell>{{cite web | author=Wilson, Barbara | author2=Mitchell, Larry | title=The Revised AINTNO 100 | publisher=Astronomy-Mall | url=http://astronomy-mall.com/Adventures.In.Deep.Space/aintno.htm | access-date=2010-02-11 }}</ref>
+<ref name=omeara1998>{{cite book | first=S. J. | last=O'Meara | date=1998 | title=The Messier Objects | location=Cambridge | publisher=Cambridge University | isbn=978-0-521-55332-2 | url-access=registration | url=https://archive.org/details/messierobjectsfi00omea }}</ref>
+<ref name="spaceref.com">{{cite web | title=NASA Spitzer Telescope Reveals Pinwheel Galaxy's Hidden Wonders | url=http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.html?pid=14321 | access-date=2007-04-07}}</ref>
+<ref name=simbadm101>{{cite web | title=SIMBAD Astronomical Database | url=http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/ | work=Results for Messier 101 | access-date=2007-04-07 }}</ref>
+<ref name=seds>{{cite web | title=Messier Object 101 | url=http://messier.seds.org/m/m101.html | access-date=2007-04-07 }}</ref>
+<ref name="hubble/esa">{{cite web | title=Best of AOP: M101: Pinwheel Galaxy | url=http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/ | access-date=2007-04-07 }}</ref>
+<ref name=jha16_1>{{cite journal | first1=G.|first2=L.|first3= P. | title=Hodierna's Observations of Nebulae and his Cosmology | journal=Journal for the History of Astronomy | volume=16 | issue=1 |date=February 1985 | pages=1–36 | bibcode=1985JHA....16....1F | last2=Indorato | last3=Nastasi | last1=Fodera-Serio |doi=10.1177/002182868501600101|s2cid=118328541| doi-access=free }}</ref>
+<ref name=jones91>{{cite book | first=Kenneth Glyn | last=Jones | date=1991 | title=Messier's nebulae and star clusters | work=The Practical astronomy handbook series | page=366 | issue=2 | edition=2nd | publisher=Cambridge University Press | isbn=978-0-521-37079-0 }}</ref>
+<ref name=mullaney07>{{cite book | first=James | last=Mullaney | date=2007 | title=The Herschel objects and how to observe them | work=Astronomers' Observing Guides | pages=16–17 | publisher=Springer | isbn=978-0-387-68124-5 | bibcode=2007hoho.book.....M }}</ref>
+<ref name=michon>{{cite web | url= http://www.numericana.com/answer/sagan.htm | first=Gerard P. | last=Michon | title=Sizing up the Universe - Stars, Sand and Nucleons | access-date=2010-01-07 }}</ref>
+<ref name=mnras342_1>{{cite journal | last=Corbelli | first=Edvige |date=June 2003 | title=Dark matter and visible baryons in M33 | journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volume=342 | issue=1 | pages=199–207  | doi=10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06531.x | bibcode=2003MNRAS.342..199C |arxiv = astro-ph/0302318 | s2cid=119383732 }}</ref>
+<ref name=science307_5714>{{cite journal | author=Brunthaler, Andreas | display-authors=4 | author2=Reid, Mark J. | author3=Falcke, Heino | author4=Greenhill, Lincoln J.| author5=Henkel, Christian | date=2005 | title=The Geometric Distance and Proper Motion of the Triangulum Galaxy (M33) | journal=Science | volume=307 | issue=5714 | pages=1440–1443 | bibcode=2005Sci...307.1440B | doi=10.1126/science.1108342 | pmid=15746420|arxiv = astro-ph/0503058 | s2cid=28172780 }}</ref>
+<ref name=naeye08>The following source lists it as the most distant object:
+:{{cite web | first=Robert | last=Naeye | title=A Stellar Explosion You Could See on Earth! | date=March 21, 2008 | publisher=NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center | url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/swift/bursts/brightest_grb.html | access-date=2010-04-13 }}
+However, the more distant galaxy [[Messier 81]] has also been sighted with the naked eye:
+:{{cite web | author=Christensen, Lars Lindberg | author2=Zezas, Andreas | author3=Noll, Keith | author4=Villard, Ray | date=May 28, 2007 | title=Hubble photographs grand spiral galaxy Messier 81 | publisher=ESA | url=http://www.spacetelescope.org/news/heic0710/ | access-date=2010-06-15 }}</ref>
+<ref name=bergh2000>{{cite book | first=Sidney | last=Van den Bergh | title=The galaxies of the Local Group | volume=35 | series=Cambridge astrophysics series | publisher=Cambridge University Press | date=2000 | isbn=978-0-521-65181-3 | page=72 }}</ref>
+}}
 == Литература ==
+{{refbegin|}}
 * Revised New General Catalogue and Index Catalogue, Wolfgang Steinicke, 2012. Доступно у [https://web.archive.org/web/20130729104144/http://www.klima-luft.de/steinicke/ngcic/rev2000/NI2012.zip овом фајлу] са објашњењем на [http://www.klima-luft.de/steinicke/ngcic/rev2000/Explan.htm овој страници]
+* {{cite book |last=Hodge |first=Paul |author-link=Paul W. Hodge |title=The Spiral Galaxy M33 |series=Astrophysics and Space Science Library |volume=379 |date=2012 |publisher=Springer Science+Business Media |isbn=978-94-007-2024-4 |oclc=757338008 |doi=10.1007/978-94-007-2025-1|url=http://cds.cern.ch/record/1399129 }}
-* [http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/ SIMBAD база података], Стразбуршки центар астрономских података (CDS), Стразбур
+{{refend}}
+== Спољашње везе ==
+{{Commonscat|Triangulum Galaxy}}
+* [http://spider.seds.org/ngc/ngc.html Интерактивни каталог NGC, IC и Месјеових објеката]
+* [http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/ -{SIMBAD}- база података]
+* {{WikiSky|name=The Triangulum Galaxy}}
+* [http://messier.seds.org/m/m033.html Messier 33, SEDS Messier pages]
+* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070930014801/http://www.spacetelescope.org/bin/images.pl?searchtype=freesearch&string=m33 M33 at ESA/Hubble]
+* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071110000208/http://starrymirror.com/m331103.htm  Triangulum Galaxy High In Northern Skies]
+* [http://www.darkatmospheres.com/astro/gallery/galaxies/enlarge.php?fileBase=galaxies_4 Dark Atmospheres Photography – M33 (dust lane enhancement)]
+* [http://www.starpointing.com/dslr/m33.html Pointing to the Universe – M33]
+* {{cite web|last=Balcells|first=Marc|title=M33 – Triangulum Galaxy|url=http://www.deepskyvideos.com/videos/messier/M33_triangulum_galaxy.html|work=Deep Sky Videos|publisher=[[Brady Haran]]|author2=Szymanek, Nik|author2-link=Nik Szymanek|author3=Merrifield, Michael}}
+* [http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/objsearch?objname=messier+33&extend=no&hconst=73&omegam=0.27&omegav=0.73&corr_z=1&out_csys=Equatorial&out_equinox=J2000.0&obj_sort=RA+or+Longitude&of=pre_text&zv_breaker=30000.0&list_limit=5&img_stamp=YES  NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database entry for Messier 33]
+* [http://www.constellation-guide.com/triangulum-galaxy-messier-33/ Triangulum Galaxy (M33) on Constellation Guide]
+* [https://www.spacetelescope.org/images/heic1901a/zoomable/ Triangulum Galaxy – Zoomable UltraHighRez (Hubble; 11 January 2019)]
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