Kлупa

Ливена парковска клупа

Клупа од дрвета и гвожђа испред ковачнице, Гренвил острво - Ванкувер

Велика дрвена клупа са дрворезом испред улаза продавнице сувенира "Кутак за змајеве" у Ванкуверу, Гренвил острво - Ванкувер

Клупе су комад намештаја и део урбаног мобилијара које су обично направљене од дрвета или у комбинацији више материјала: метала ливеног гвожђа, кованог гвожђа, бетона или синтетичких материјала. Клупе могу бити разних облика и димензија, са наслонима за руке и леђа или без њих. Клупе су обично намењене за спољашњу употребу, за уређење паркова, дворишта и башта и тако представљају део урбаног мобилијара тј уличног намештаја једног града.

Врсте клупа

• Дрвене клупе које су израђене искључиво од дрвета могу бити дизајниране на више начина и највећу примену имају у приватним двориштима и баштама. Дрвене клупе је потребно заштитити квалитетним премазима који ће је заштитити од разних временских услова: сунца, кише, снега...
• Клупе израђене у комбинацији метала, ливеног гвожђа и дрвета најчешћу примену имају у уређењу јавних површина, паркова, градских тргова итд због свог изгледа, физичке издржљивости и једноставног причвршћивања за бетонску подлогу.

Often, benches are simply named for the place they are used, regardless of whether this implies a specific design.

• Park benches are set as seating places within public parks, and vary in the number of people they can seat.
• Garden benches are similar to public park benches, but are longer and offer more sitting places.
• Picnic tables, or catering buffet tables, have benches as well as a table. These tables may have table legs which are collapsible, in order to expedite transport and storage.
• Scenic benches are situated to provide a more comfortable means of enjoying the contemplation of a beautiful landscape, a busy street scene, or less commonly a specific event.
• Perch benches are usually situated in high traffic areas to enable people to take a quick break.
• A storage bench is a combination of sitting space and a storage box, often used for keeping gardening supplies or grill equipment.
• A form is a backless bench that was used for seating in dining rooms, school rooms and law courts — can be leather or upholstered fabric with or without a back rest.
• Wooden benches in early railway passenger cars

Various types of benches are specifically designed for and/or named after specific uses, such as:

• Leaning benches, or "leaners", have been installed by some cities for people to rest against in public areas where there is no room for regular benches.
• Church benches and pews inside places of worship, which are sometimes equipped with an additional kneeling bench. Church benches and pews can come in various styles including traditional, modern and curved to match and complement the architectural styles and spaces of places of worship.
• a bench seat is a traditional seat installed in automobiles, featuring a continuous pad running the full width of the cabin.
• a punishment bench is used to have a punishee lie (and often be tied) down on for the administration of a corporal punishment, after which it may be specifically named, e.g. caning bench

Галерија

• Клупе
• 
  GWR Shirt Button railway bench at St Erth railway station, Cornwall, UK
• 
  Stone bench at Livadia Palace, Crimea
• 
  An open park bench in Tehran
• 
  Benches in Kefalonia, western Greece
• 
  Bench made with a chainsaw-cut tree trunk
• 
  Ancient tree trunk bench from Etar Architectural-Ethnographic Complex
• 
  In Suffolk, England
• 
  Bank of the Berlin court porch, 13th century
• 
  Pews or church benches, St Paul's Cathedral, London
• 
  Wooden bench in memory of composer Hans Roelli in skiing area of Arosa, Switzerland
• 
  A decorative "rabbit bench" in Peyzazhna alley, Kyiv, Ukraine
• 
  Church benches in St Marylebone Parish Church.
• 
  Traditional solid oak church pew
• 
  Making benches in a carpentry workshop
• 
  Adobe (earthen) banco-style bench
• 
  A neglected bench, Korea
• 
  A long wooden bench in central Ystad.
• 
  A nl in Luttelgeest (Netherlands)

Литература

• Broda, Herbert W. (2007). Schoolyard-enhanced Learning: Using the Outdoors as an Instructional Tool, K-8. Stenhouse Publishers. ISBN 9781571107299. 
• Good, Albert H. (1938). „Picnic Tables”. Park and Recreation Structures. 
• Sesco, Jerry Anthony (1969). The Market for Wood Picnic Structures. North Central Forest Experiment Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. 
• Emily Mangles (2017-07-07). „The power of the picnic bench”. The Guardian. Архивирано из оригинала 2020-02-28. г. Приступљено 2020-02-28. „The final testament to this extraordinary piece of outdoor furniture is from the local tenants, who were so impressed with the “bench effect” that they secured funding from the local council’s Cleaner Greener Safer project to install more street furniture around the local area.” 
• Jessy Shelton (јун 2017). „The Turquoise Table Movement Wants You.”. Christianity Today. Архивирано из оригинала 2020-02-28. г. Приступљено 2020-02-28. CS1 одржавање: Формат датума (веза)
• Verderber, Stephen (јул 2016). „Learning From Commercial Vernacular Building Types: A North American Case Study”. International Journal of Architectural Research. 10 (2): 22—37. doi:10.26687/archnet-ijar.v10i2.962. CS1 одржавање: Формат датума (веза)
• Mitten, Denise (2018). „Let’s Meet at the Picnic Table at Midnight”. The Palgrave International Handbook of Women and Outdoor Learning. стр. 19—34. ISBN 978-3-319-53549-4. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-53550-0_2. 
• Wolf, Aaron T. (1995). „Conclusions: Historic summary and lessons for the future”. dropolitics along the Jordan River: Scarce Water and its Impact on the Arab-Israeli Conflict. Архивирано из оригинала 2020-02-27. г. Приступљено 2020-02-26. 
• ABC News. „Obama Daughters' White House Swing Set Donated to Local Organization - ABC News”. ABC News. Архивирано из оригинала 24. 3. 2020. г. Приступљено 2020-02-27. „Malia Obama was 10 and Sasha Obama was 7 when they came home from school on March 4, 2009, to find the surprise gift from their parents erected just a short distance from the Oval Office.” CS1 одржавање: Формат датума (веза)
• Daniel Nasaw (2009-07-30). „Barack Obama, white Cambridge police sergeant James Crowley and black Harvard professor Henry Louis Gates to share beers at the White House”. The Guardian. Архивирано из оригинала 2020-02-28. г. Приступљено 2020-02-27. „The summit will convene at the picnic table in the White House's back yard, near a swing set for Obama's daughters.” 
• Tim Reid (2009-07-31). „Policeman's race gibe sours beer summit with Barack Obama”. Times of London. Архивирано из оригинала 2020-02-28. г. Приступљено 2020-02-28. „The comments came just hours before President Obama sat down for perhaps the most widely televised beer in US history when, at a small white table in the Rose Garden, he drank with Henry Louis Gates Jr and Sergeant James Crowley[.]” 
• Stone, Chelsea (2017-01-06). „Malia and Sasha Obama's White House Swing Set Has Been Donated to Charity”. Teen Vogue. Архивирано из оригинала 2020-02-28. г. Приступљено 2020-02-27. „The Rainbow-brand wooden structure, which bears a plaque that reads "Malia & Sasha's Castle" and has [...] a picnic table etched with the names of all 44 presidents, has been donated to a local organization that serves the needy[.]” 
• Federal Highway Administration (2009). „Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices” (PDF). стр. 338. Архивирано (PDF) из оригинала 2017-01-14. г. Приступљено 2020-02-28. „RS-044Picnic Site” 
• Dějiny nábitkového umění, F. Cimburek-Jan Halák-Karel Herain-Zdenek Wirth, Brno 1948.
• Blakemore, Robbie G. (2006). History of interior design & furniture: from ancient Egypt to nineteenth-century Europe. J. Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-471-46433-4. 
• Britannica, Encyclopædia (23. 2. 2016). „Furniture”. Архивирано из оригинала 16. 5. 2016. г. Приступљено 16. 5. 2016. 
• Gadalla, Moustafa (2007). The Ancient Egyptian Culture Revealed. Tehuti Research Foundation. ISBN 978-1-931446-27-3. 
• Litchfield, Frederick (2011). Illustrated History of Furniture. Arcturus Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84837-803-2. 
• Lucie-Smith, Edward (1979). Furniture: A Concise History. Thames and Hudson. ISBN 978-0-500-18173-7. 
• Metropolitan Museum of Art (1999). Egyptian Art in the Age of the Pyramids. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. ISBN 978-0-87099-907-9. 
• Smardzewski, Jerzy (2015). Furniture Design. Springer. ISBN 978-3-319-19533-9. 
• Solodow, Joseph B. (2010). Latin Alive: The Survival of Latin in English and the Romance Languages. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-139-48471-8. 
• Weekley, Ernest (2013). An Etymological Dictionary of Modern English. Courier Corporation. ISBN 978-0-486-12287-8. 

Спољашње везе

• Ливене парковске клупе