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Grab — разлика између измена

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ВизуелноВикитекст
bolje
ознака: уређивање извора (2017)
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Ред 23: Ред 23:


== Vrste ==
== Vrste ==
{{div col|cols=3}}
{{colbegin|colwidth=20em}}
# -{''[[Граб (дрво)|Carpinus betulus]]''}-<ref name="Perthensis">{{cite book|last=Brown|first=John |year=1816|title=Encyclopaedia Perthensis|volume=23|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=uE1QAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA364#v=onepage&q&f=false|pages=364}}</ref><ref name="Rackham">{{cite book|title=Ancient Woodland; its history, vegetation and uses in England (New Edition)|last=Rackham |first=Oliver |year=2003 |publisher=Castlepoint Press |isbn=978-1-897604-27-4|pages=}}</ref>
* -{''[[Граб (дрво)|Carpinus betulus]]''}-<ref name="Perthensis">{{cite book|last=Brown|first=John |year=1816|title=Encyclopaedia Perthensis|volume=23|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=uE1QAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA364#v=onepage&q&f=false|pages=364}}</ref><ref name="Rackham">{{cite book|title=Ancient Woodland; its history, vegetation and uses in England (New Edition)|last=Rackham |first=Oliver |year=2003 |publisher=Castlepoint Press |isbn=978-1-897604-27-4|pages=}}</ref>
# -{''[[Carpinus caroliniana]]''}-<ref name="Keeler">{{cite book|last=Keeler | first =Harriet L. | title =Our Native Trees and How to Identify Them |url=https://archive.org/details/ournativetreesa02keelgoog | publisher =Charles Scribner's Sons |year=1900 | location =New York |pages=[https://archive.org/details/ournativetreesa02keelgoog/page/n348 319]–322 }}</ref>
* -{''[[Carpinus caroliniana]]''}-<ref name="Keeler">{{cite book|last=Keeler | first =Harriet L. | title =Our Native Trees and How to Identify Them |url=https://archive.org/details/ournativetreesa02keelgoog | publisher =Charles Scribner's Sons |year=1900 | location =New York |pages=[https://archive.org/details/ournativetreesa02keelgoog/page/n348 319]–322 }}</ref>
# -{''[[Carpinus chuniana]]''}-
* -{''[[Carpinus chuniana]]''}-
* -{''[[Carpinus cordata]]''}-<ref name="POWO">{{cite web |title=Carpinus cordata Blume {{!}} Plants of the World Online {{!}} Kew Science |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:295253-1 |website=Plants of the World Online |access-date=31 January 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
⚫
# -{''[[Carpinus cordata]]''}-
# -{''[[Carpinus dayongiana]]''}-
* -{''[[Carpinus dayongiana]]''}-
# -{''[[Carpinus eximia]]''}-
* -{''[[Carpinus eximia]]''}-
# -{''[[Carpinus faginea]]''}-
* -{''[[Carpinus faginea]]''}-
# -{''[[Carpinus fangiana]]''}-<ref name="rogtreeshrub">{{cite web|title=''Carpinus fangiana'' |url=http://www.rogerstreesandshrubs.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~11156~source~gallerychooserresult.asp |publisher=Rogers Trees and Shrubs |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715200333/http://www.rogerstreesandshrubs.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~11156~source~gallerychooserresult.asp |archive-date=15. 7. 2011 }}</ref>
* -{''[[Carpinus fangiana]]''}-<ref name="rogtreeshrub">{{cite web|title=''Carpinus fangiana'' |url=http://www.rogerstreesandshrubs.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~11156~source~gallerychooserresult.asp |publisher=Rogers Trees and Shrubs |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715200333/http://www.rogerstreesandshrubs.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~11156~source~gallerychooserresult.asp |archive-date=15. 7. 2011 }}</ref>
# -{''[[Carpinus fargesiana]]''}-
* -{''[[Carpinus fargesiana]]''}-
# -{''[[Carpinus firmifolia]]''}-
* -{''[[Carpinus firmifolia]]''}-
# -{''[[Carpinus hebestroma]]''}-
* -{''[[Carpinus hebestroma]]''}-
# -{''[[Carpinus henryana]]''}-
* -{''[[Carpinus henryana]]''}-
# -{''[[Carpinus japonica]]''}-<ref name="japonica">[http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=34361 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families]</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Carpinus japonica |url=http://www.rogerstreesandshrubs.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~11157~gid~~source~gallerydefault.asp |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715200342/http://www.rogerstreesandshrubs.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~11157~gid~~source~gallerydefault.asp |archive-date=15. 7. 2011 }}</ref><ref>Iwatsuki, K., Boufford, D.E. & Ohba, H. (eds.) (2006). Flora of Japan IIa: 1-550. Kodansha Ltd., Tokyo.</ref><ref>[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/446787#page/310/mode/1up Blume, Carl (Karl) Ludwig von. 1851. Museum Botanicum 1: 308]</ref>
* -{''[[Carpinus japonica]]''}-<ref name="japonica">[http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=34361 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families]</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Carpinus japonica |url=http://www.rogerstreesandshrubs.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~11157~gid~~source~gallerydefault.asp |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715200342/http://www.rogerstreesandshrubs.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~11157~gid~~source~gallerydefault.asp |archive-date=15. 7. 2011 }}</ref><ref>Iwatsuki, K., Boufford, D.E. & Ohba, H. (eds.) (2006). Flora of Japan IIa: 1-550. Kodansha Ltd., Tokyo.</ref><ref>[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/446787#page/310/mode/1up Blume, Carl (Karl) Ludwig von. 1851. Museum Botanicum 1: 308]</ref>
# -{''[[Carpinus kawakamii]]''}-
* -{''[[Carpinus kawakamii]]''}-
# -{''[[Carpinus kweichowensis]]''}-
* -{''[[Carpinus kweichowensis]]''}-
* -{''[[Carpinus laxiflora]]''}-<ref name="T194624A2353470" >{{cite iucn |author1=Shaw, K. |author2=Roy , S. |author3=Wilson, B. |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T194624A2353470.en |page=e.T194624A2353470 |title=aka-shide ''Carpinus laxiflora'' |volume=2014 |year=2014 |access-date=2 May 2023 }}</ref><ref name="POWO_295265-1" >{{cite POWO |id=295265-1 |title=''Carpinus laxiflora'' (Siebold & Zucc.) Blume |access-date=2 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://bigtree.cnre.vt.edu/detail.cfm?AutofieldforPrimaryKey=2760 |title=loose-flower hornbeam ''Carpinus laxiflora'' |last1=Madden |first1=Virg |date=2020 |website=Virginia Big Tree Program |publisher=Virginia Tech |access-date=2 May 2023 }}</ref><ref name="bonsai" >{{cite book |title=The Beginner's Guide to American Bonsai |last1=Stowell |first1=Jerald P. |year=1978 |page=129 |isbn=9784770013026 }}</ref>
⚫
# -{''[[Carpinus laxiflora]]''}-
# -{''[[Carpinus lipoensis]]''}-
* -{''[[Carpinus lipoensis]]''}-
# -{''[[Carpinus londoniana]]''}-
* -{''[[Carpinus londoniana]]''}-
# -{''[[Carpinus luochengensis]]''}-
* -{''[[Carpinus luochengensis]]''}-
# -{''[[Carpinus mengshanensis]]''}-
* -{''[[Carpinus mengshanensis]]''}-
# -{''[[Carpinus microphylla]]''}-
* -{''[[Carpinus microphylla]]''}-
# -{''[[Carpinus mollicoma]]''}-
* -{''[[Carpinus mollicoma]]''}-
# -{''[[Carpinus monbeigiana]]''}-
* -{''[[Carpinus monbeigiana]]''}-
# -{''[[Carpinus omeiensis]]''}-
* -{''[[Carpinus omeiensis]]''}-
* -{''[[Carpinus orientalis]]''}-<ref name="GRIN">{{GRIN | accessdate=24. 10. 2008}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=34405|title = World Checklist of Selected Plant Families: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew}}</ref><ref>Czerepanov, S. K. 1981. Sosudistye Rasteniia SSSR. 509 pages. Nauka, Leningradskoe Otd-nie, Leningrad</ref><ref>Browicz, Kasimierz. Flora Iranica : Flora des Iranischen Hochlandes und der Umrahmenden Gebirge : Persien, Afghanistan, Teile von West-Pakistan, Nord-Iraq, (cont) 97: 2. 1972.</ref>
# -{''[[Carpinus orientalis]]''}-<ref name="GRIN">{{GRIN | accessdate=24. 10. 2008}}</ref>
# -{''[[Carpinus paohsingensis]]''}-
* -{''[[Carpinus paohsingensis]]''}-
*†''[[Carpinus perryae]]'' {{small|Pigg, Manchester, & [[Wesley Wehr|Wehr]], 2003}}<ref name=Pigg2003>{{cite journal |last1=Pigg |first1=K.&nbsp;B. |last2=Manchester |first2=S.&nbsp;R. |last3=Wehr |first3=W.&nbsp;C. |year=2003 |title=''Corylus'', ''Carpinus'', and ''Palaeocarpinus'' (Betulaceae) from the Middle Eocene Klondike Mountain and Allenby Formations of Northwestern North America |journal= International Journal of Plant Sciences |volume=164 |issue= 5 |pages=807–822 |doi=10.1086/376816|s2cid=19802370 }}</ref><ref name="Forest2005">{{cite journal |last1=Forest |first1=F. |last2=Savolainen |first2=V. |last3=Chase |first3=M.&nbsp;W. |last4=Lupia |first4=R. |last5=Bruneau |first5=A. |last6=Crane |first6=P.&nbsp;R. |year=2005 |title=Teasing apart molecular-versus fossil-based error estimates when dating phylogenetic trees: a case study in the birch family (Betulaceae) |journal=Systematic Botany |volume=30 |issue=1 |pages=118–133|doi=10.1600/0363644053661850 |s2cid=86080433 }}</ref>
⚫
# -{''[[Carpinus polyneura]]''}-
# -{''[[Carpinus pubescens]]''}-
* -{''[[Carpinus polyneura]]''}-
# -{''[[Carpinus purpurinervis]]''}-
* -{''[[Carpinus pubescens]]''}-
# -{''[[Carpinus putoensis]]''}-
* -{''[[Carpinus purpurinervis]]''}-
* -{''[[Carpinus putoensis]]''}-<ref name="Carpinus putoensis">{{cite iucn |author=Shaw, K. |author2=Roy , S. |author3=Wilson, B. |date=2014 |title=''Carpinus putoensis'' |volume=2014 |page=e.T32303A2813038 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T32303A2813038.en |access-date=13 November 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=601&taxon_id=200006196 |title=''Carpinus putoensis'' |author=eFloras |work=Flora of China |publisher=Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA |access-date=11 April 2012}}</ref><ref>Wilson, Edward O. ''The Future of Life''. Vintage Books, New York: 2002.</ref>
# -{''[[Carpinus rankanensis]]''}-
# -{''[[Carpinus rupestris]]''}-
* -{''[[Carpinus rankanensis]]''}-
# -{''[[Carpinus schuschaensis]]''}-
* -{''[[Carpinus rupestris]]''}-
# -{''[[Carpinus shensiensis]]''}-
* -{''[[Carpinus schuschaensis]]''}-
# -{''[[Carpinus shimenensis]]''}-
* -{''[[Carpinus shensiensis]]''}-
⚫
* -{''[[Carpinus shimenensis]]''}-
# †''[[Carpinus tengshongensis]]'' <small>W.C.Cheng</small>}-<ref>{{cite journal|last=Dai | last2=Sun | last3=Xie | last4=Lin | last5=Wu | last6=Dao |year=2013| title = A new species of ''Carpinus'' (Betulaceae) from the Pliocene of Yunnan Province, China | journal = Plant Systematics and Evolution | volume = 299 | issue = 3 |pages=643–658 | doi = 10.1007/s00606-012-0750-1 | first = Jing | first2 = Bainian | first3 = Sanping | first4 = Zhicheng | first5 = Jingyu | first6 = Kequn}}</ref>
* †''[[Carpinus tengshongensis]]'' <small>W.C.Cheng</small>}-<ref>{{cite journal|last=Dai | last2=Sun | last3=Xie | last4=Lin | last5=Wu | last6=Dao |year=2013| title = A new species of ''Carpinus'' (Betulaceae) from the Pliocene of Yunnan Province, China | journal = Plant Systematics and Evolution | volume = 299 | issue = 3 |pages=643–658 | doi = 10.1007/s00606-012-0750-1 | first = Jing | first2 = Bainian | first3 = Sanping | first4 = Zhicheng | first5 = Jingyu | first6 = Kequn}}</ref>
# -{''[[Carpinus tientaiensis]]''}-
# -{''[[Carpinus tropicalis]]''}-
* -{''[[Carpinus tientaiensis]]''}-
# -{''[[Carpinus tsaiana]]''}-
* -{''[[Carpinus tropicalis]]''}-
# -{''[[Carpinus tschonoskii]]''}-
* -{''[[Carpinus tsaiana]]''}-
⚫
* -{''[[Carpinus tschonoskii]]''}-
# -{''[[Carpinus turczaninowii]]'' <small>Hance</small>}-<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://www.forest.go.kr/kna/special/download/English_Names_for_Korean_Native_Plants.pdf|title=English Names for Korean Native Plants|publisher=[[Korea National Arboretum]]|year=2015|isbn=978-89-97450-98-5|location=Pocheon|accessdate=8. 12. 2016|via=[[Korea Forest Service]]|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525105020/http://www.forest.go.kr/kna/special/download/English_Names_for_Korean_Native_Plants.pdf|archivedate=25. 5. 2017|df=|pages=400}}</ref>
* -{''[[Carpinus turczaninowii]]'' <small>Hance</small>}-<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://www.forest.go.kr/kna/special/download/English_Names_for_Korean_Native_Plants.pdf|title=English Names for Korean Native Plants|publisher=[[Korea National Arboretum]]|year=2015|isbn=978-89-97450-98-5|location=Pocheon|accessdate=8. 12. 2016|via=[[Korea Forest Service]]|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525105020/http://www.forest.go.kr/kna/special/download/English_Names_for_Korean_Native_Plants.pdf|archivedate=25. 5. 2017|df=|pages=400}}</ref>
# -{''[[Carpinus viminea]]''}-
⚫
* -{''[[Carpinus viminea]]''}-
{{div col end}}
{{clear}}
{{colend}}


== Reference ==
== Reference ==
{{извори|30em}}
{{извори|30em}}

== Литература ==
{{refbegin|30em}}
* {{Citation |author=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2009 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=161 |issue=2 |pages=105–121 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x |doi-access=free }}
* {{cite journal |author1=Christenhusz, M. J. M. |author2=Byng, J. W. | year = 2016 | title = The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase | journal = Phytotaxa | volume = 261 | pages = 201–217 | url = http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/download/phytotaxa.261.3.1/20598 | doi = 10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1 | issue = 3 | publisher = Magnolia Press | doi-access = free }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Soltis DE, Smith SA, Cellinese N, Wurdack KJ, Tank DC, Brockington SF, Refulio-Rodriguez NF, Walker JB, Moore MJ, Carlsward BS, Bell CD, Latvis M, Crawley S, Black C, Diouf D, Xi Z, Rushworth CA, Gitzendanner MA, Sytsma KJ, Qiu YL, Hilu KW, Davis CC, Sanderson MJ, Beaman RS, Olmstead RG, Judd WS, Donoghue MJ, Soltis PS | year = 2011 | title = Angiosperm phylogeny: 17 genes, 640 taxa | journal = [[American Journal of Botany|Am J Bot]] | volume = 98 | issue = 4 | pages = 704–730 | url = http://www.amjbot.org/content/98/4/704 | doi = 10.3732/ajb.1000404| pmid = 21613169 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = ((Xiang X-G)), Wang W, ((Li R-Q)), Lin L, Liu Y, ((Zhou Z-K)), ((Li Z-Y)), ((Chen Z-D)) | year = 2014 | title = Large-scale phylogenetic analyses reveal fagalean diversification promoted by the interplay of diaspores and environments in the Paleogene | journal = Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics | volume = 16 | issue = 3 | pages = 101–110 | doi = 10.1016/j.ppees.2014.03.001}}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = ((Chen Z-D)), Manchester SR, ((Sun H-Y)) | year = 1999 | title = Phylogeny and evolution of the Betulaceae as inferred from DNA sequences, morphology, and palaeobotany | journal = [[American Journal of Botany|Am J Bot]] | volume = 86 | issue = 8 | pages = 1168–1181 | url = http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/content/full/86/8/1168 | doi=10.2307/2656981| jstor = 2656981 | pmid = 10449397 | doi-access = free }}
* {{cite web |url=https://www.treesandshrubsonline.org/articles/carpinus/carpinus-laxiflora/ |title=''Carpinus laxiflora'' (Sieb. & Zucc.) Blume |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=2023 |website=treesandshrubsonline.org |publisher=International Dendrology Society |access-date=2 May 2023 }}
* {{cite journal |title=The Global Urban Tree Inventory: A database of the diverse tree flora that inhabits the world's cities |year=2020 |last1=Ossola |first1=Alessandro |last2=Hoeppner |first2=Malin J. |last3=Burley |first3=Hugh M. |last4=Gallagher |first4=Rachael V. |last5=Beaumont |first5=Linda J. |last6=Leishman |first6=Michelle R. |journal=Global Ecology and Biogeography |volume=29 |issue=11 |pages=1907–1914 |doi=10.1111/geb.13169 |s2cid=225429443}}
* {{cite web |title=''Carpinus laxiflora'' |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/28831/i-carpinus-laxiflora-i/details |date=2023 |publisher=The Royal Horticultural Society |access-date=2 May 2023 |quote=3 suppliers}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Archibald |first1=S. |last2=Greenwood |first2=D. |last3=Smith |first3=R. |last4=Mathewes |first4=R. |last5=Basinger |first5=J. |year=2011 |title=Great Canadian ''Lagerstätten'' 1. Early Eocene Lagerstätten of the Okanagan Highlands (British Columbia and Washington State) |journal=Geoscience Canada |volume=38 |issue=4 |pages=155–164}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Wolfe |first1=J.A. |last2=Tanai |first2=T. |year=1987 |title=Systematics, Phylogeny, and Distribution of ''Acer'' (maples) in the Cenozoic of Western North America |journal= Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University. Series 4, Geology and Mineralogy |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=1–246 |url=http://eprints.lib.hokudai.ac.jp/dspace/handle/2115/36747?mode=full&submit_simple=Show+full+item+record}}
* {{cite report |last1=Wolfe |first1=J.&nbsp;A. |last2= Wehr |first2=W.&nbsp;C. |year=1987 |title=Middle Eocene dicotyledonous plants from Republic, northeastern Washington |url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1597/report.pdf |series= Bulletin |publisher=United States Geological Survey |volume=1597 |pages=1–25 |doi=10.3133/b1597 |doi-access=free }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Moss |first1=P.&nbsp;T. |last2=Greenwood |first2=D.&nbsp;R. |last3=Archibald |first3=S.&nbsp;B. |year=2005 |title=Regional and local vegetation community dynamics of the Eocene Okanagan Highlands (British Columbia – Washington State) from palynology |journal=Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences |volume=42 |issue= 2|pages=187–204 |url=https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1139/e04-095 |doi= 10.1139/E04-095|bibcode=2005CaJES..42..187M }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Greenwood |first1=D.&nbsp;R. |last2=Archibald |first2=S.&nbsp;B. |last3=Mathewes |first3=R.&nbsp;W |last4=Moss |first4=P.&nbsp;T. |year=2005 |title=Fossil biotas from the Okanagan Highlands, southern British Columbia and northeastern Washington State: climates and ecosystems across an Eocene landscape |url=https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1139/e04-100 |journal=Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences |volume=42 |issue=2 |pages=167–185|bibcode=2005CaJES..42..167G |doi=10.1139/e04-100}}

{{refend}}


== Spoljašnje veze ==
== Spoljašnje veze ==

Верзија на датум 21. мај 2023. у 01:52

Grab
C. betulus
Lišće evropskog graba
Naučna klasifikacija e
Carstvo: Plantae
Kladus: Tracheophytes
Kladus: Angiospermae
Kladus: Eudicotidae
Kladus: Rosids
Red: Fagales
Porodica: Betulaceae
Potporodica: Coryloideae
Rod: Carpinus
L.
Sinonimi[1]

Distegocarpus Siebold & Zucc

Grab (lat. Carpinus) rod је korisnog, ukrasnog drveća iz porodice Betulaceae. Porekla imena ovog roda nije potpuno razjašnjeno. Moguće je da dolazi keltskih reći karr (drvo) i penne (glava), što je bilo staro ime za grab kod Rimljana, ili dolazi od grčkog karpinos (plodonosan).

Najvažnija vrsta obični grab (C. betulus). Ovo drvo je izuzetno tvrdo, žilavo i teško ga je rascepiti, pa se koristi za izradu raznog alata, kao i za ogrev.[2] Druga poznata vrsta belograb ili beli grab (C. orientalis), niskog je rasta, ali je takođe čvrsto, pa se koristi u stolarstvu.[3]

Rasprostranjenost

Oko 30–40 vrsta je javlja širom većine umerenih regiona severne hemisfere, sa najvećim brojem vrsta u istočnoj Aziji, a posebno u Kini. Samo dve vrste se javljaju u Evropi, jedna u istočnoj Severnoj Americi, i jedna u Mezoamerici.[1][4][5][6][7] Carpinus betulus se može naći u Evropi, Turskoj i Ukrajini.[8]

Vrste

Reference

  1. ^ а б „Carpinus L., Sp. Pl.: 998 (1753)”. World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 
  2. ^ Priroda i biljke: Obični grab
  3. ^ Prirodfa i biljke: Bijeli grab
  4. ^ Flora of China, Vol. 4 Page 289, 鹅耳枥属 e er li shu, Carpinus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 998. 1753.
  5. ^ Flora of North America, Vol. 3, Hornbeam, Carpinus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 998. 1753; Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 432, 1754.
  6. ^ „Carpinus betulus L.”. Altervista Flora Italiana. 
  7. ^ „2013 BONAP North American Plant Atlas. TaxonMaps”. Biota of North America Program. 
  8. ^ Carpinus betulus. 2.nd Ed., The Royal Horticultural Society, Dorling Kindersley Ltd, London, pp. 234, 235. 
  9. ^ Brown, John (1816). Encyclopaedia Perthensis. 23. стр. 364. 
  10. ^ Rackham, Oliver (2003). Ancient Woodland; its history, vegetation and uses in England (New Edition). Castlepoint Press. ISBN 978-1-897604-27-4. 
  11. ^ Keeler, Harriet L. (1900). Our Native Trees and How to Identify Them. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. стр. 319–322. 
  12. ^ „Carpinus cordata Blume | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science”. Plants of the World Online (на језику: енглески). Приступљено 31. 1. 2021. 
  13. ^ „Carpinus fangiana”. Rogers Trees and Shrubs. Архивирано из оригинала 15. 7. 2011. г. 
  14. ^ Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  15. ^ „Carpinus japonica”. Архивирано из оригинала 15. 7. 2011. г. 
  16. ^ Iwatsuki, K., Boufford, D.E. & Ohba, H. (eds.) (2006). Flora of Japan IIa: 1-550. Kodansha Ltd., Tokyo.
  17. ^ Blume, Carl (Karl) Ludwig von. 1851. Museum Botanicum 1: 308
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