Poetika

Poetika je teorija strukture, forme i diskursa^[4]^[5] unutar književnosti,^[6] i, posebno, unutar poezije.^[7]

Istorija[уреди | уреди извор]

Termin poetika potiče od starogrčkog ποιητικός poietikos' „koji se odnosi na poeziju“; takođe „kreativni“ i „produktivni“.^[8] U zapadnom svetu, razvoj i evolucija poetike karakteriše tri umetnička pokreta koja se bave poetskom kompozicijom: (i) formalistički, (2) objektivistički i (iii) aristotelovski. (pogledajte Poetiku).^[9] Aristotelova Poetika je prva sačuvana filozofska rasprava koja se fokusira na teoriju književnosti. Arapski prevod Aristotelove poetike od Abu Bišra Mata ibn Junusa

Delo je dugo bilo izgubljeno za zapadni svet. Bilo je dostupno u srednjem veku i ranoj renesansi samo preko latinskog prevoda arapskog komentara koji je napisao Averoes i preveo Hermanus Aleman 1256. Tačan grčko-latinski prevod koji je napravio Vilijam od Moerbeka 1278. je praktično ignorisan. Arapski prevod je uveliko odstupio u rečniku od originalne Poetike i pokrenuo je pogrešno tumačenje aristotelovske misli koje se nastavilo kroz srednji vek. Moderna poetika se razvila u renesansnoj Italiji. Potreba da se antički književni tekstovi tumače u svetlu hrišćanstva, da se procene i ocene narativi Dantea, Petrarke i Bokača, doprineli su razvoju složenih diskursa o teoriji književnosti. Zahvaljujući pre svega delu Genealogia Deorum Gentilium (1360) Đovanija Bokača, književna elita je stekla bogato razumevanje metaforičkih i figurativnih tropa. Latinski prevod Aristotelovog teksta Đorđa Vala iz 1498. (prvi koji je objavljen) uključen je u aldinsko izdanje grčkog originala iz 1508. kao deo antologije Rhetores graeci. Usledio je sve širi korpus tekstova o poetici u kasnijem petnaestom veku i tokom celog šesnaestog, fenomen koji je započeo u Italiji i proširio se na Španiju, Englesku i Francusku. Među najznačajnijim renesansnim delima o poetici su De arte poetica Marka Đirolama Vide (1527) i La Poetica Đana Đorđa Trisina (1529, prošireno izdanje 1563). U ranim decenijama šesnaestog veka pojavile su se vernakularne verzije Aristotelove Poetike, koje su kulminirale italijanskim izdanjima Lodovika Kastelvetra iz 1570. i 1576.

Luis de Gongora (1561–1627) i Baltasar Grasijan (1601–58) doneli su poetici drugačiju formu sofizma. Emanuel Tesauro je opširno pisao u svom Il Cannocchiale Aristotelico (Aristotelovska špijunski dvogled, 1654), o figure ingeniose i figure metaforiche.^[10] Tokom romantičarske ere, poetika je težila ekspresionizmu i naglašavala subjekt koji opaža. Poetika dvadesetog veka se vratila aristotelovskoj paradigmi, praćena trendovima ka metakritičnosti, i uspostavljanjem savremene teorije poetike.^[11] Istočna poetika je razvila lirsku poeziju, a ne reprezentativnu mimetičku poeziju zapadnog sveta.^[9]

Književna kritika[уреди | уреди извор]

Poetika se od hermeneutike^[12]^[13]^[14]^[15] razlikuje po tome što se fokusira ne na značenje teksta, već radije na razumevanju kako se različiti elementi teksta spajaju i proizvode određene efekte na čitaoca.^[16] Većina književnih kritika kombinuje poetiku i hermeneutiku u jednoj analizi; međutim, jedno ili drugo može preovladavati s obzirom na tekst i ciljeve onoga koji čita.

Vidi još[уреди | уреди извор]

Reference[уреди | уреди извор]

^ Aristotelis Opera. XI. Превод: Bekker, August Immanuel. 1837.
^ Dukore, Bernard F. (1974). Dramatic Theory and Criticism: Greeks to Grotowski. Florence, Ky.: Heinle & Heinle. стр. 31. ISBN 0-03-091152-4.
^ Aristotle (1987). Aristotle: Poetics, with Tractatus Coislinianus, reconstruction of Poetics II, and the Fragments of the On the Poets. Превод: Janko, Richard. London: Hackett.
^ Foucault, Michel (1972) [1969]. Archaeology of Knowledge. New York: Pantheon Books. ISBN 978-0-415-28752-4.
^ Norton, Bonny (1997). „Language, identity, and the ownership of English”. TESOL Quarterly. 31 (3): 409—429. JSTOR 3587831. doi:10.2307/3587831.
^ Gérard Genette (2005), Essays In Aesthetics, Volume 4, p.14:
My program then was named "Theory of Literary Forms" — a title that I supposed to be less ambiguous for minds a little distant from this specialty, if it is one, than its (for me) synonym Poetics.
^ „poetics”. Dictionary.com Unabridged. Random House.
^ "poetic". Online Etymology Dictionary.
^ ^а ^б Brogan, T. (1994). The New Princeton Handbook of Poetic Terms. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-03672-4.
^ Benassi, A., “Lo scherzevole inganno. Figure ingegnose e argutezza nel Cannocchiale aristotelico di Emanuele Tesauro”, Studi secenteschi 47 (2006) 9–55.
^ Preminger, Alex (2016). Princeton Encyclopaedia of Poetry and Poetics (на језику: енглески). Macmillan International Higher Education. стр. 952. ISBN 978-1-349-15617-7. ^{[мртва веза]}
^ Company, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing. „The American Heritage Dictionary entry: hermeneutics”. www.ahdictionary.com.
^ „Definition of HERMENEUTICS”. www.merriam-webster.com. децембар 2023.
^ Audi, Robert (1999). The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy (2nd изд.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. стр. 377. ISBN 978-0521637220.
^ Reese, William L. (1980). Dictionary of Philosophy and Religion. Sussex: Harvester Press. стр. 221. ISBN 978-0855271473.
^ Culler, Jonathan (1997). Literary Theory: A Very Short Introduction.

Literatura[уреди | уреди извор]

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Norman, Charles (1962). Poets on Poetry. New York: Collier Books. Original texts from 8 English poets before the 20th Century and from 8 20th Century Americans.
Oliver, Mary (1994). A Poetry Handbook. New York: Harcourt Brace & Co. ISBN 0-15-672400-6.
Oliver, Mary (1998). Rules for the Dance. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 0-395-85086-X.
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Schmidt, Michael, ур. (1999). The Harvill Book of Twentieth-Century Poetry in English. Harvill Press. стр. xxvii—xxxiii. ISBN 978-1-86046-735-6.
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Longenbach, James (1997). Modern Poetry After Modernism. Oxford University Press. стр. 9,103. ISBN 978-0-19-510178-2.
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Adams, Stephen J. (1997). Poetic designs: an introduction to meters, verse forms and figures of speech. Broadview. ISBN 978-1-55111-129-2.
Brooks, Cleanth (1947). The Well Wrought Urn: Studies in the Structure of Poetry. Harcourt Brace & Company.
Corn, Alfred (1997). The Poem's Heartbeat: A Manual of Prosody. Storyline Press. ISBN 978-1-885266-40-8.
Fussell, Paul (1965). Poetic Meter and Poetic Form. Random House.
Finch, Annie (2011). A Poet's Ear: A Handbook of Meter and Form. University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-05066-6.
Fry, Stephen (2007). The Ode Less Travelled: Unlocking the Poet Within. Arrow Books. ISBN 978-0-09-950934-9.
Hollander, John (1981). Rhyme's Reason. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-02740-2.
Pound, Ezra (1951). ABC of Reading. Faber.
Preminger, Alex; Brogan, Terry VF; Warnke, Frank J. (ур.). The New Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics (3rd изд.). Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-02123-2.
Tatarkiewicz, Władysław, "The Concept of Poetry", translated by Christopher Kasparek, Dialectics and Humanism: The Polish Philosophical Quarterly, vol. II, no. 2 (spring 1975), published in Warsaw under the auspices of the Polish Academy of Sciences by Polish Scientific Publishers. pp. 13–24.
Isobel Armstrong, Joseph Bristow, and Cath Sharrock (1996) Nineteenth-Century Women Poets. An Oxford Anthology
Ferguson, Margaret; Salter, Mary Jo; Stallworthy, Jon, ур. (1996). The Norton Anthology of Poetry (4th изд.). W. W. Norton & Co. ISBN 978-0-393-96820-0.
Gardner, Helen, ур. (1972). New Oxford Book of English Verse 1250–1950. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-812136-7.
Larkin, Philip, ур. (1973). The Oxford Book of Twentieth Century English Verse. Oxford University Press.
Lonsdale, Roger, ур. (1990). Eighteenth Century Women Poets by Roger Lonsdale. Oxford University Press.
Mosley, Ivo, ур. (1994). The Green Book of Poetry. Frontier Publishing. ISBN 978-1872914060.
Mosley, Ivo, ур. (1996). Earth Poems: Poems from Around the World to Honor The Earth. Harpercollins. ISBN 978-0062512833.
Ricks, Christopher, ур. (1999). The Oxford Book of English Verse. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-214182-8.
Yeats, WB, ур. (1936). Oxford Book of Modern Verse 1892–1935. Oxford University Press.
Ciardi, John (1959). How Does a Poem Mean?. Cambridge, MA: The Riverside Press.
Drew, Elizabeth (1933). Discovering Poetry. New York: W.W. Norton & Company.
Hashmi, Alamgir (2011). „Eponymous Écriture and the Poetics of Reading a Transnational Epic”. Dublin Quarterly, 15.
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Iturat, Isidro (2010). Poetics. Brazil: Indrisos.com. Архивирано из оригинала 07. 11. 2014. г. Приступљено 16. 11. 2018.
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Bremer, J.M., Hamartia: Tragic Error in the Poetics of Aristotle and the Greek Tragedy, Amsterdam 1969
Butcher, Samuel H., Aristotle's Theory of Poetry and Fine Art, New York ⁴1911
Carroll, M., Aristotle's Poetics, c. xxv, Ιn the Light of the Homeric Scholia, Baltimore 1895
Cave, Terence, Recognitions. A Study in Poetics, Oxford 1988
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Destrée, Pierre, "Aristotle on the Power of Music in Tragedy," Greek & Roman Musical Studies, Vol. 4, Issue 2, 2016
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Downing, E., "oἷον ψυχή: Αn Εssay on Aristotle's muthos", Classical Antiquity 3 (1984) 164-78
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Fendt, Gene (2019). „Aristotle on Dramatic Musical Composition. By Gregory Scott (Review)”. Ancient Philosophy. Philosophy Documentation Center. 39 (1): 248—252. ISSN 0740-2007. S2CID 171990673. doi:10.5840/ancientphil201939117.
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Sen, R. K., Mimesis, Calcutta: Syamaprasad College, 2001
Sen, R. K., Aesthetic Enjoyment: Its Background in Philosophy and Medicine, Calcutta: University of Calcutta, 1966
Sifakis, Gr. M., Aristotle on the Function of Tragic Poetry, Heraklion 2001. ISBN 960-524-132-3
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Solmsen, F., "The Origins and Methods of Aristotle's Poetics", Classical Quarterly 29 (1935) 192–201
Tsitsiridis, S., "Mimesis and Understanding. An Interpretation of Aristotle's Poetics 4.1448^b4-19", Classical Quarterly 55 (2005) 435–46
Vahlen, Johannes, Beiträge zu Aristoteles' Poetik, Leipzig/Berlin 1914
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Spoljašnje veze[уреди | уреди извор]

librivox.org audio recording
Project Gutenberg – Poetics (Aristotle)
Aristotle's Poetics: Perseus Digital Library edition
Greek text from Hodoi elektronikai
Critical edition (Oxford Classical Texts) by Ingram Bywater
Seven parallel translations of Poetics: Russian, English, French
Aristotle: Poetics entry by Joe Sachs in the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Notes of Friedrich Sylburg (1536-1596) in a critical edition (parallel Greek and Latin) available at Google Books
Analysis and discussion in the BBC's In Our Time series on Radio 4.

[1] Aristotelis Opera. XI. Превод: Bekker, August Immanuel. 1837.

[dukore-2] Dukore, Bernard F. (1974). Dramatic Theory and Criticism: Greeks to Grotowski. Florence, Ky.: Heinle & Heinle. стр. 31. ISBN 0-03-091152-4.

[Janko87-3] Aristotle (1987). Aristotle: Poetics, with Tractatus Coislinianus, reconstruction of Poetics II, and the Fragments of the On the Poets. Превод: Janko, Richard. London: Hackett.

[4] Foucault, Michel (1972) [1969]. Archaeology of Knowledge. New York: Pantheon Books. ISBN 978-0-415-28752-4.

[5] Norton, Bonny (1997). „Language, identity, and the ownership of English”. TESOL Quarterly. 31 (3): 409—429. JSTOR 3587831. doi:10.2307/3587831.

[6] Gérard Genette (2005), Essays In Aesthetics, Volume 4, p.14:
My program then was named "Theory of Literary Forms" — a title that I supposed to be less ambiguous for minds a little distant from this specialty, if it is one, than its (for me) synonym Poetics.

[7] „poetics”. Dictionary.com Unabridged. Random House.

[8] "poetic". Online Etymology Dictionary.

[Brogan-9] а ^б Brogan, T. (1994). The New Princeton Handbook of Poetic Terms. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-03672-4.

[10] Benassi, A., “Lo scherzevole inganno. Figure ingegnose e argutezza nel Cannocchiale aristotelico di Emanuele Tesauro”, Studi secenteschi 47 (2006) 9–55.

[Preminger2016-11] Preminger, Alex (2016). Princeton Encyclopaedia of Poetry and Poetics (на језику: енглески). Macmillan International Higher Education. стр. 952. ISBN 978-1-349-15617-7. ^{[мртва веза]}

[ahd-12] Company, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing. „The American Heritage Dictionary entry: hermeneutics”. www.ahdictionary.com.

[mw-13] „Definition of HERMENEUTICS”. www.merriam-webster.com. децембар 2023.

[14] Audi, Robert (1999). The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy (2nd изд.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. стр. 377. ISBN 978-0521637220.

[15] Reese, William L. (1980). Dictionary of Philosophy and Religion. Sussex: Harvester Press. стр. 221. ISBN 978-0855271473.

[16] Culler, Jonathan (1997). Literary Theory: A Very Short Introduction.

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