Судопера

A sink/basin in a bathroom

Enamel washbowl and jug

Класичан керамички умиваоник

Судопера (такође умиваоник или лавабо) је посуда са водоводом учвршћена за зид и користи се за прање руку, за прање посуђа или друге сврхе. Генерално, судопере се састоје од чесме (ткз. славине или стручно батерије), која снабдева топлом и хладном водом и може појачавати и смањивати притисак воде. Такође, састоје се и од одводне цеви која служи да уклони употребљену воду. Ова одводна цев може да има и мрежицу за искључивање уређаја ради превенције од преливања уређај. Судопере такође могу имати интегрисану сапун посуду.

Када се судопера зачепи, људи обично прибегавају да користите хемијска средства за чишћење одводних цеви или клипова, иако већина професионалних водоинсталатера ће то отчепити са одводном спиралом (познатом и као „водоинсталатерска змија").

Историја

Woman washing at a water basin (louterion). Side B from an Ancient Greek Boeotian red-figure bell-krater, 450–425 BC. From Boeotia.

United States

The washstand was a bathroom sink made in the United States in the late 18th century. The washstands were small tables on which were placed a pitcher and a deep bowl, following the English tradition. Sometimes the table had a hole where the large bowl rested, which led to the making of dry sinks. From about 1820 to 1900, the dry sink evolved by the addition of a wooden cabinet with a trough built on the top, lined with zinc or lead. This is where the bowls or buckets for water were kept. Splashboards were sometimes added to the back wall, as well as shelves and drawers, the more elaborate designs usually placed in the kitchen.

Материјали судопере

Славина

Обична рупа одвода

Судопере могу бити направљене од различитих материјала. Неки од њих су:

• Нерђајући челик
• Емајл у челику или ливено гвожђе
• Керамика
• Мермер
• Пластика
• Стејтит
• Бетон
• Терацо
• Дрво
• Стене
• Бакар
• Стакло
• Гранит

Нерђајући челик се најчешће користи у кухињама и на местима пословног простора, јер има приступачну цене, а такође одликује широку употребљивост, добром дужином трајања и лакоћу чишћења. Most stainless steel sinks are made by drawing a sheet of stainless steel over a die. Some very deep sinks are fabricated by welding. Stainless steel sinks will not be damaged by hot or cold objects and resist damage from impacts. One disadvantage of stainless steel is that, being made of thin metal, they tend to be noisier than most other sink materials, although better sinks apply a heavy coating of vibration-damping material to the underside of the sink.

Enamel over cast iron is a popular material for kitchen and bathroom sinks. Heavy and durable, these sinks can also be manufactured in a very wide range of shapes and colors. Like stainless steel, they are very resistant to hot or cold objects, but they can be damaged by sharp impacts and once the glass surface is breached, the underlying cast iron will often corrode, spalling off more of the glass. Aggressive cleaning will dull the surface, leading to more dirt accumulation. Enamel over steel is a similar-appearing but far less rugged and less cost-effective alternative.

Double sink with a marble countertop

Solid ceramic sinks have many of the same characteristics as enamel over cast iron, but without the risk of surface damage leading to corrosion.

Plastic sinks come in several basic forms:

• Inexpensive sinks are simply made using injection-molded thermoplastics. These are often deep, free-standing sinks used in laundry rooms. Subject to damage by hot or sharp objects, the principal virtue of these sinks is their low cost.
• High-end acrylic drop-in (lowered into the countertop) and undermount (attached from the bottom) sinks are becoming more popular, although they tend to be easily damaged by hard objects – like scouring a cast iron frying pan in the sink.
• Plastic sinks may also be made from the same materials used to form "solid surface" countertops. These sinks are durable, attractive, and can often be molded with an integrated countertop or joined to a separate countertop in a seamless fashion, leading to no sink-to-countertop joint or a very smooth sink-to-countertop joint that can not trap dirt or germs. These sinks are subject to damage by hot objects but damaged areas can sometimes be sanded down to expose undamaged material.

Soapstone sinks were once common, but today tend to be used only in very-high-end applications or applications that must resist caustic chemicals that would damage more-conventional sinks.

Wood sinks are from the early days of sinks, and baths were made from natural teak with no additional finishing. Teak is chosen because of its natural waterproofing properties – it has been used for hundreds of years in the marine industry for this reason. Teak also has natural antiseptic properties, which is a bonus for its use in baths and sinks.

Glass sinks: A current trend in bathroom design is the handmade glass sink (often referred to as a vessel sink), which has become fashionable for wealthy homeowners.

Stone sinks have been used for ages. Some of the more popular stones used are: marble, travertine, onyx, granite, and soap stone on high end sinks.

Glass, concrete, and terrazzo sinks are usually designed for their aesthetic appeal and can be obtained in a wide variety of unusual shapes and colors such as floral shapes. Concrete and terrazzo are occasionally also used in very-heavy-duty applications such as janitorial sinks.

Врсте лавабоа (умиваоника)

Класичан тип

Најпопуларнији умиваоник јесте са постољем а он се лако монтира. Постоји низ стилова и величина. На располагању су две опције – са стубом и полустубом. Стуб се ослања на под на којем се лавабо налази а он се шрафи у зид. Овај тип пружа одличан начин да сакријете сифон и цеви. Стуб омогућава већи и тежи лавабо, и стога је идеална опција за породично купатило. Лавабо са стубом је тип који се најлакше уклапа у простор.

Лавабо са полу стубом

Монтира се на зид и може да сакрије сифон. Пошто стуб не стиже до пода, пружа илузију већег простора, што чини да ваше мало купатило изгледа веће и лакше за чишћење. Ако изаберете ову врсту лавабоа, морате бити сигурни да је зид довољно јак да подржи његову тежину.

Зидни лавабо

Овај умиваоник је одлична опција за мала купатила, и може се монтирати на жељену висину. Будући да је сифон видљив, можда ћете желети да поставите хромирани а не пластични и постигнете лепши изглед.

Угаони лавабо

Ако имате мало купатило или опремате мали тоалет, онда ћете можда желети да се одлучите за углаони лавабо. Овакав стил помаже да се што боље искористи простор који би у супротном могао бити згубљен. Овде такође постоји опција да одаберете хромирани сифон и постигнете лепши изглед.

Уградни лавабо

Овакав тип лавабоа уграђује се у ормариће и може бити различитих димензија и облика. Нарочито су популарни лавабои равних ивица па не заузимају вишак простора.

Надградни лавабо

За елегантан и савремени изглед, надградни лавабо је савршен. Ова врста лавабоа, како сам назив каже, дизајниран је тако да се поставља на постоље или ормарић и лежи на њему. Многи надградни лавабои не садрже отворе за славину, тако да ћете морати да изаберете славину са високим телом.

Стилови

Bathroom stainless steel vessel sink standing on a wood surface

Sinks are available in many colors

Top-mount sinks

Self-rimming (top-mount) sinks sit in appropriately shaped holes roughly cut in the countertop (or substrate material) using a jigsaw or other cutter appropriate to the material at hand. They are suspended by their rim which forms a fairly close seal with the top surface of the worktop. If necessary, this seal can be enhanced by clamping the sink from below the worktop.

Bottom-mount sinks

A bottom mount sink at the Ernest Hemingway House

Bottom-mount or under-mount sinks are installed below the countertop surface. The edge of the countertop material is exposed at the hole created for the sink (and so must be a carefully finished edge rather than a rough cut). The sink is then clamped to the bottom of the material from below. Especially for bottom-mount sinks, silicone-based sealants are usually used to assure a waterproof joint between the sink and the countertop material. Advantages of an undermount sink include superior ergonomics and a contemporary look; disadvantages include extra cost in both the sink and the counter top. Also, no matter how carefully the cut out is made, the result is either a small ledge or overhang at the interface with the sink. This can create an environment for catching dirt and allowing germs to grow.

Solid-surface plastic materials allow sinks to be made of the same plastic material as the countertop. These sinks can then easily be glued to the underside of the countertop material and the joint sanded flat, creating the usual invisible joint and completely eliminating any dirt-catching seam between the sink and the countertop. In a similar fashion, for stainless steel, a sink may be welded into the countertop; the joint is then ground to create a finished, concealed appearance.

Butler's sink

A butler's sink is a rectangular ceramic sink with a rounded rim which is set into a work surface. There are generally two kinds of butler's sinks: the London sink and the Belfast sink. In 2006, both types of sinks usually were 61 cm (24 in) across and 46 cm (18 in) front-to-back, with a depth of 225 cm (89 in). London sinks were originally shallower than Belfast sinks. (One plumbing guide in 1921 suggested that the Belfast sink was 38 cm (15 in) deep.) Some believe this was because London had less access to fresh water (and thus a greater need to conserve water), but this theory is now contested. It is more likely the two sinks had different roles within the household. But that difference usually does not exist in the modern era, and both sinks are now shallow. The primary difference both in the past and today between a Belfast and London sink is that the Belfast sink is fitted with an overflow weir which prevented water from spilling over the sink's edge by draining it away and down into the wastewater plumbing.

Farmer's sink

A farmer's sink is a deep sink that has a finished front. Set onto a countertop, the finished front of the sink remains exposed. This style of sink requires very little "reach-over" to access the sink.

Vessel sink

A vessel sink is a free-standing sink, generally finished and decorated on all sides, that sits directly on the surface of the furniture on which it is mounted. These sinks have become increasingly popular with bathroom designers because of the large range of materials, styles, and finishes that can be shown to good advantage.

Напомене

Речи умиваоник и лавабо су синоними за судоперу, али се реч судопера ипак више користи за предмет у кухињи, а ова друга два за предмет у купатилу, нарочито у случајевима кад се у купатилу пере суђе.

Литература

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• Tan, Amelia (11. 10. 2008). „Taps turned off”. Straits Times. Singapore. Приступљено 8. 6. 2010. CS1 одржавање: Формат датума (веза)
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• Fortescue, Adrian (1910), „Lavabo”, The Catholic Encyclopedia, IX, New York: Robert Appleton Company, Приступљено 2008-01-14