Ледени чај

Ледени чај са лимуном

Ледени чај је облик хладног чаја и обично се служи у чаши са ледом. Може, али не мора бити заслађен. Ледени чај је такође популарно пиће у паковању. Може се мешати са ароматизованим сирупом, са уобичајеним укусима укључујући лимун, брескву, малину, лимету, маракују, јагоду и вишњу. Док већина ледених чајева добија своју арому из лишћа чаја (лат. Camellia sinensis), биљни чајеви се такође понекад служе хладни и називају се леденим чајевима. Ледени чај се понекад припрема тако што се чај натопи водом и посебно дуго оставља да стоји на нижој температури (један сат на сунцу, за разлику од уобичајених 5 минута на 80—100 °C (176—212 °F). Неки људи овакав чај називају „сунчаним чајем“. Поред тога, понекад се такође оставља да одстоји преко ноћи у фрижидеру.

Културне различитости

Аустрија

Ледени чај је популаран у Аустрији и познат као Eistee (ледени чај). Обично се пије јако заслађен. Један од најпопуларнијих произвођача је Раух (Rauch).

Белгија и Холандија

У Белгији, Холандији и другим деловима Европе, Ice-Tea (ледени чај) је бренд различитих газираних ледених чајева које је на тржиште пласирао Липтон још 1978. године. Они такође продају и бројне негазиране ледене чајеве под називом Ice Tea.

Бразил

У Бразилу, а посебно у Рио де Жанеиру, један од најпопуларнијих напитака је мате. За разлику од аргентинског или гаучо матеа (такође познатог по називу chimarrão), Бразилци га пију хладног и заслађеног. Омиљени укус им је сок од лимете (а не лимуна) и у Рију га зову „mate com limão“ пошто спада у део локалне културе на плажи, где га улични продавци продају у термичкој амбалажи. Лишће матеа се такође може купити у супермаркетима за припрему код куће. Најпознатији бренд је Leão, који оригинално потиче из Паране у Бразилу, а касније га је откупила Кока-кола. Обично се остави да одстоји у фрижидеру преко ноћи. Leão такође производи негазирани мате као освежавајуће пиће.

China

Although it is not a traditional way to serve tea, iced tea gained widespread popularity in the late 1980s, even rural areas. Many varieties of tea, including green tea, are available canned or bottled and are sold in stores. Many families make iced tea either by putting a large amount of ice in a small amount of strong hot tea or by putting hot tea in a fridge for some time. Common types of iced tea are black, green, and oolong (烏龍茶), as well as many herbal varieties. Iced herbal teas are especially popular in the hot summers, where "yin"（陰）or cooling herbs are used to make tea such as chrysanthemum and kuding tea (苦丁茶). Cooled (but still warm) tea was popular throughout ancient times. Refrigerated tea was previously only available to those politically connected to the Communist Party. The introduction of limited capitalism and free-market reforms starting in 1978 made refrigeration available to the general population for the first time. China's refrigerator-ownership increased from just 7% of urban families in 1977 to 95% in 2009.

South Africa

Iced tea has become increasingly popular in South Africa and is now widely available in cafes and retail outlets countrywide. Nestea, Lipton, Manhattan and Fuze Tea are the most popular brands, in addition to the South African brand BOS, which uses rooibos sourced locally from the Western Cape.

Швајцарска

Масовно произведени чајеви као што је Nestea (Nestlé), Migros Ice Tea и Lipton су популарна освежења, док се свеже припремљени чајеви ретко могу наћи у продаји. Биљни ледени чајеви којима преовладава укус нане су такође доступни, као и они са укусом црног чаја. Обично су обележени натписом ајс ти (ice tea). Швајцарска се сматра домовином флашираног леденог чаја. Макс Шпренглер, швајцарски бизнисмен, пробао је чувени амерички ледени чај и први предложио производњу леденог чаја у флашама. Године 1983. Bischofszell Food Ltd. је постао први произвођач флашираног леденог чаја индустријских сразмера.

Шведска

Ледени чај је популарни летњи напитак у Шведској, нарочито пошто је Шведска земља у којој људи традиционално воле да пију чај. Два водећа Бренда су Липтон (Lipton) и Нести (Nestea), а два најпродаванија укуса су лимун и бресква. FUN Light, популарни бренд лимунаде у Шведској је такође започео продају леденог чаја. Ледени чај се такође продаје у продавницама и ресторанима.

Turkey

In a traditionally tea-drinking country such as Turkey, with its own tea and tea culture, iced tea became popular when Lipton introduced it in the 2000s. Iced teas are a popular alternative to soft drinks. Lipton and Nestea were the two major brands until 2012 when the contract between Coca-Cola İçecek A.Ş. and Nestea expired. Coca-Cola replaced Nestea with its Fuze Beverage brand, but due to the word füze meaning "missile" in Turkish, the name used for the Turkish market is Fuse Tea. The national tea company Çaykur is in the market with its iced tea brand 'Didi'.

United Kingdom

Although iced tea is not as widely consumed in the United Kingdom as in other European countries, the drink became more popular in the 2000s.

United States

In the United States, iced tea makes up about 85% of all tea consumed. A heavily sweetened variety known as Sweet Tea is popular in southern states. In New England states, it is usually more moderately sweetened, and often includes mint.

History

As early as 1823, Marguerite Countess of Blessington wrote of sipping iced tea in Naples.

The oldest printed recipes for iced tea date back to the 1870s. In her 1871 cook book, Mary Ann Bryan Mason wrote of iced tea: ...it should be well iced. Two of the earliest cookbooks with iced tea recipes are the Buckeye Cookbook by Estelle Woods Wilcox, first published in 1876, and Housekeeping in Old Virginia by Marion Cabell Tyree, copyright 1878.

Iced tea started to appear in the United States during the 1860s. Seen as a novelty at first, during the 1870s it became quite widespread. Recipes appeared in print, iced tea was offered on hotel menus, and it was on sale at railroad stations. Its popularity rapidly increased after Richard Blechynden introduced it at the 1904 World's Fair in St. Louis.

Varieties

Sun and refrigerator tea

The temperature of the tea brewed in this manner is never heated high enough to kill any bacteria, leaving the water potentially unsafe to drink. The tea should be discarded if it appears thick, syrupy, or has rope-like strands in it, though it may be hazardous even without such indicators.

Because of this danger an alternative called "refrigerator tea" has been suggested where the tea is brewed in the refrigerator overnight. This has the dual advantage of preventing the growth of harmful bacteria and the tea already being cold without the addition of ice.

Fountain iced tea

In 1996, the City of Cincinnati's Health Department discovered high levels of coliform bacteria (due to inadequate daily cleansing) in the spigots of dispensers filled by automatic fresh brewed iced tea machines in several area restaurants. Approximately the same time, the Coca-Cola and Pepsi Cola companies began aggressive targeted marketing campaigns aimed at replacing fresh brewed iced tea in foodservice establishments with the cola companies' tea concentrate that is dispensed using the same method as fountain drinks, pumped from a bag-in-box. In many cases, the cola companies provided a fountain dispenser for the tea concentrate that looked similar to the containers that were previously used to dispense fresh-brewed tea.

Half-and-half

There has been a growing popularity in the United States of a mixed drink called "half-and-half" since the late 1960s when golf-great Arnold Palmer ordered one in Palm Beach, Florida. Half-and-half is a mix of iced tea and lemonade, giving the drink a much sweeter taste. Often called an "Arnold Palmer" (although Palmer himself preferred a ratio of two parts iced tea to one part lemonade), the drink was eventually marketed by Snapple, Nantucket Nectars, and AriZona Iced Tea; AriZona has licensed Arnold Palmer's name and image for its versions. In 2012 an ESPN short documentary was produced on the drink, featuring Palmer, beverage experts, a group of PGA golfers and comedian Will Arnett discussing the drink's history and popularity.

Литература

• Yamamoto, T; Kim, M; Juneja, L R (1997). Chemistry and Applications of Green Tea. CRC Press. стр. 4. ISBN 978-0-8493-4006-2. 
• Salter, Nicola (2013). Hot Water for Tea: An inspired collection of tea remedies and aromatic elixirs for your mind and body, beauty and soul. ArchwayPublishing. стр. 4. ISBN 978-1-60693-247-6. 
• Peter T. Daniels, ур. (1996). The World's Writing Systems. Oxford University Press. стр. 203. ISBN 978-0-19-507993-7. 
• Hinsch, Bret (2008). The ultimate guide to Chinese tea. Bret Hinsch. ISBN 978-974-480-129-6. 
• Dien, Albert E. (2007). Six Dynasties Civilization. Yale University Press. стр. 362. ISBN 978-0-300-07404-8. 
• Bennett Alan Weinberg; Bealer, Bonnie K. (2001). The World of Caffeine: The Science and Culture of the World's Most Popular Drug. Psychology Press. стр. 63. ISBN 978-0-415-92722-2. „The Portuguese traders and the Portuguese Jesuit priests, who like Jesuits of every nation busied themselves with the affairs of caffeine, wrote frequently and favorably to compatriots in Europe about tea.” 
• Mary Lou Heiss; Heiss, Robert J. (2011). The Story of Tea: A Cultural History and Drinking Guide. Random House. стр. 31. ISBN 978-1-60774-172-5. „"By the time of the Shang dynasty (1766–1050 BC), tea was being consumed in Yunnan Province for its medicinal properties"” 
• Mair, Victor H.; Hoh, Erling (2009). The True History of Tea. Thames & Hudson. ISBN 978-0-500-25146-1. 
• Martin, Laura C. (2007). Tea: The Drink that Changed the World. Tuttle Publishing. ISBN 978-0-8048-3724-8. 
• Mair, A. Gramza-Michałowska. Caffeine in tea Camellia sinensis — Content, absorption, benefits and risks of consumption. 
• Mair, Monique B.HicksY-H.PeggyHsiehLeonard N.Bell. Tea preparation and its influence on methylxanthine concentration. 
• Mair, Nigel Melican. CAFFEINE AND TEA: Myth and Reality. 
• Ody, Penelope (2000). Complete Guide to Medicinal Herbs. New York, NY: Dorling Kindersley Publishing. стр. 48. ISBN 978-0-7894-6785-0. 
• Macfarlane, Alan; Macfarlane, Iris (2004). The Empire of Tea. The Overlook Press. ISBN 978-1-58567-493-0. 
• Benn, James A. (2015). Tea in China: A Religious and Cultural History. Hong Kong University Press. ISBN 978-988-8208-73-9. 
• Heiss, Mary Lou; Heiss, Robert J. (2007). The Story of Tea: A Cultural History and Drinking Guide. Ten Speed Press. ISBN 978-1-58008-745-2. 

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